Assessmentand evaluation

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Assessment and Evaluation

• O3rd December 2015

• Assessment and evaluation are processes that are done to measure and describe the progress of the learners and the success of the teachers and school.

In assessment

• The teacher measures the quality of the learners' performance using tests and observation.

• In evaluation

• The information collected from assessment is used to reflect on and describe the learners' and teacher's performance

Types of Assessment

• There are two kinds of assessment that are important

1.Formative Assessment (On-going Assessment).2. Summative Assessment (Formal Assessment ).

1. On-going assessment:

• This refers to making observations on a continual basis to find out what learners know, understand, and are able to do. This generally involves observing learners throughout the lesson and giving a short assessment at the end of the lesson.

On-going assessment helps teachers to:

• Find out whether instructional objectives have been achieved or not.

• Keep track of each learner's progress.• Work immediately with those who haven't mastered the

knowledge and skills.• Find out if teaching has been effective and plan an

effective lesson for the following day.• Identify strengths and weaknesses of individuals to

determine the needs of each learner so that all learners have the opportunity to succeed in school.

2. Summative assessment:

• This refers to formal assessment at the end of a given period of time, such as examinations at the end of a term or school year.

Summative assessment helps teachers and schools to:

• Evaluate the learner's overall progress.• Determine whether overall objectives have

been achieved.• Determine promotion to the next class or

grade.• Evaluate the educational capacity of the

teachers and school.

Developing Appropriate Assessment

• In order to assess acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes in pupils effectively, the teacher should be able to develop both Objective and subjective tests.

• The questions developed for these tests should test various abilities in learners

Types Of Assessment

1. Objective TestsThese are written tests and are marked

objectively by the teacher-that is marking is accurate and personal opinion does not affect the marking process. They usually have one correct answer which very brief. The score in an objective test can be either right or wrong.

Examples of objective tests are:

A) Multiple choiceB) MatchingC) Fill in or completion questionsD) True or false

Multiple Questions

1) Which of the following is herbivorous animal?a) Dogb) Cowc) Hyena2. The first World War One began in :a) 1914b) 1940c) 1944

• These questions have a stem and three or four alternative answers for lower primary and upper primary respectively. The learners should choose the correct one.

When preparing multiple choice questions it is necessary to make sure that:

the stem is stated in simple and clear language the stem is worded so that there is no repetition of

material in the alternatives the stem is stated in positive form wherever possible the intended answer is correct or clearly best

Matching

• Examples of matching questions for lower primary

• Match the foods and their color1.Ripe tomatoes White2.Oranges Yellow3.Maize flour Red

• Example of matching questions for upper primary

• Match the following

1) Translucent Piece of wood

2) Transparent Plastic bag3) Opaque Glass

• In matching questions pupils are expected to use arrows , letters or numbers ,but you should clearly state at the instruction the way you want for them .

In matching questions ensure that:the items are based on homogeneous material the instructions clearly state the basis for.

matching and that each response can be used once, more than once, or not at all .

the items appear on the same page .

Fill -in or completion

• This where a statement is made and a blank space is left out. Pupils are expected to insert the right answer(s) in the blanks.

Example of a fill in question for lower primary. We use a ___________ to brush our teeth.Example of a fill in question in upper primary: Two examples of mammals are _____and____

True and False

• A statement is made and the learner is expected to state whether the statement is true or not.

Examples1) We see with our eyes.( True or False).2) All mammals have a backbone ( True or

False).

• For True and False items make sure that: the statement is brief and stated in simple, clear

language .negative statements are used sparingly and double

negatives are avoided. the statements are free of clues to the answer (e.g.

verbal clues, gesture) . there is approximately an equal number of true and

false statements . the true and false items are arranged in random

order.

Subjective tests or Essays

• These type of tests are marked subjectively and the marker’s opinion can affect or determine the marks to be awarded.

• These type of tests have the advantage of allowing students to express themselves and hence promote development of language skills.

Subjective tests should be adminstered mainly in upper primary schools.

• The essay question can be in the form of statement or an open question. It can also be structured.

For example, in evaluating the topic of Energy , pupils can be asked to:

Explain how the electrical energy is transformed into heat energy?

When setting subjective or essay test ,the teacher should aim at testing students’ abilities at various levels. These levels are:

Evaluation

Synthesis

Analysis

Application

Comprehension

Knowledge

Recall or Knowledge Level

• These questions test the ability of the learners to recall or remember:

Certain piece of information. A standard procedure Laws and principles in science.

• The following questions are examples of three types of recall questions.

I) A cactus plant stores food in the:A) Root B) Stem C) Leaf D) FlowerII) In order to separate a mixture of salt an

sand ,we should do the following:B) Filter, dissolve in water and, evaporate.C) Dissolve in water, filter and evaporateD) Stir, evporate,dissolve in water.

III) The law which states- why throwing objects fall to the ground is called:

a) The law of kinetic energy.b) The law of gravityc) The law of momentum.

Comprehension Questions

• These questions test the ability of the learners to comprehend or understand information presented in the questions. Typical comprehension questions may be in the form of passage.

e.g. Ahmed Capo lives in a small village called Balli Abane. He is a farmer. He has a lot of animals including cow, sheep and goats.

1. Where does Ahmed live?2. What does he do?3. Does he have camels?

Application

• These type of questions test the ability of learners to apply knowledge in order to solve scientific questions.

e.g. A solid has a mass of 20 g and a volume of 50 cm3. Calculate its density?

Given that Density=Mass (g) Volume (Unit)3

Analysis Questions

• In analysis questions ,pupils are expected to break down a concept into parts and explain their relationship.

e.g. What is the difference between wind-pollinated flowers and insect-pollinated flowers?

Synthesis questions• These are questions that test the learners ability to arrive

at answers through synthesis; that is, through combining facts or ideas to come up with a complex whole.

e.g. The following are the characteristics of an animal that Dayib came across:

Had a backbone Had scales on its body Was cold-blooded Could live both on land and in waterWhat is the name of that anima?

Evaluation

• Pupils are required to assess concepts and make judgment through comparison.

e.g. Which type of soil is suitable for cultivating of

crops? Why?

The End

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