Art & science part ii

Art and science of communication continued…Cormac McGrath

LIME

§Part one§Communication, perception and limitations in understanding & learning

§Part two§Presentation technique

§To communicate a message

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Summary of morning’s session

• Communication, perception and limitations in understanding& learning

• Good communication takes place when the presenter’s intendedmessage has been internalised by the listener

• Too much information, inhibits learning and understanding• Too much one-way talking could be taxing for the audience• Esoteric Jargon complicates things

§There are statements posted around the room.§Read each statement. If you agree with it, or if you

disagree with it, make a mark with a pen.

§ In the beginning of your “communications” career, then it is most important to focus on the facts of your presentation, getting as much said as possible about your topic, in an accurate and representative way.

Ethos§ a yr 9 student can never engage the same type (amount) of ethos as a fortune

500 CEO on matters of corporate taxes.

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Pathos§ As a speaker you have a responsibility for your listeners well-being and should

never upset them.

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Let’s analyse this presentation together:§ To view the video, go to: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ATfY8dvbuFg

Your presentation§ Main points

§ Level of depth

§ Audience, language, what do you need to retain?

§ Do you have a call to action?

§ Ethos: establishing credibility for you and the research area

§ Logos: How do you structure your arguments, how do they lead and follow from each other

§ Pathos: what are the emotional dimensions to your presentations.

§ Start building a structure, share, compare and get feedback.

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Model for planning your speech: Model one the didactical model

Who?

What?Why?

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Target group- Who?

§ Age? Gender?

§ Occupation?

§ Knowledge?

§ Experience?

§ Expectations?

§ Cultural context?

§ Number?

§ Needs?

§ Interest?

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What?

§ Context?

§ Time?

§ Content?

§ How much information?

§ What level?

§ Language (specialist-general)?

§ Take home message?

§ Media?Take home message

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§ Introduce?

§ Inform?

§ Inspire?

§ Convince?

Why?

§ To learn?

§ Remember?

§ Understand?

§ Be inspired?

You Them

Purpose

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Some tips§ Know your audience

§ Content, content, content

§ KISS (Keep It Short and Simple)

§ Outline your talk (pen & paper, board, post-its)§ Have a clear structure

§ What is your point?

§ Tell a story – “Think conversation, not performance”, Sir Kenneth Robinson

§ Passion and enthusiasm are contagious

§ First / Last impressions count

§ Make eye contact, use gestures, avoid fillers (ah, urm, well, so, like, etc.)

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Your presentation

• What is the basic information you wish to convey?• What is the right amount of information?

• Be specific, share with your partner!• Critique each other

Modes of persuasion: Model 2 the rhetorical devices

§Ethos:§Credibility:

§Logos:§Logical arguments, reasoning

§Pathos:§Emotional aspects

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Ethos§ Ethos: who are you? What has been

done in the field previously?

Logos§ Logos: How do you present a

coherent argument from what youhave said? Hard facts.

Logos§ All men are mortal

§ Cormac is a man

§ Cormac is mortal

The arguments you present have to follow in a discernable and logically sound sequence.

Pathos § Pathos: What is the human aspect of

your presentation? Why should I care?

Consider your presentation§ Ethos: who are you? What has

been done in the field previously?

§ Logos: How do you present a coherent argument from what youhave said? Hard facts.

§ Pathos: What is the human aspectof your presentation? Why shouldI care?

§ Ethos

§ Pathos

§ Logos

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§ Ethos: It can be used to gain credibility: "The 1990 consensus reports that fifty percent of all marriages will end in divorce.”

§ Pathos: Awakens a sense of involvement "Turn and look at the person sitting next to you. One of the two of you will get a divorce.”

§ Logos: Present the hard facts "Because one out of every two marriages here in the United States ends in divorce, it is imperative we reform the court system to have a more fair resolve in settlements for both women and men."

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§ And they can be blended together:

§ "The 1990 census report has found that 50% of all marriages end in divorce. That means that one out of every two marriages are not successful. It could be yours; it could be the person's sitting next to you. And if you are a woman, your chances of a fair settlement are far lower than if you are a man. We must reform our court system."

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Break

Voice

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28_0gXLKLbk

Non-verbal communication, signals

§Body language§ Gestures§ Appearance

§Requires less cognitive resources to process§Can be practiced, but difficult to performdeliberately when presenting

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Dealing with Esoteric Jargon

§ is the time required for a quantity to reduce its initial value. The term is commonly used in nuclear physics to describe how quickly unstable atoms undergo, or how long stable atoms survive, radioactive decay. The term is also used more generally to characterize any type of exponential or non-exponentialdecay.

§ What is…?

§ https://www.ted.com/talks/melissa_marshall_talk_nerdy_to_me?language=en

A few rhetorical devices§ Cultural references: icons of a generation

§ Repetition

§ Anaphora: Repeating a sentiment in the beginning of each phrase, sentence. § Dental hygiene is a concern for …If you care about

dental hygiene…. We need to invest in dental hygience...

§ Anadiplosis: The last word or phrase is repeated to begin the next.§ “Suffering breeds character; character breeds faith.” –

Rev. Jesse Jackson

§ you must make every effort to support your faith with goodness, and goodness with knowledge, and knowledge with self-control, and self-control with endurance, and endurance with godliness, and godliness with mutual affection, and mutual affectionwith love” ( The Bible, II Peter 1:5 – 7)

§ “Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.” – Popular culture figure, short and green.

https://youtu.be/3vDWWy4CMhE

Remember§ Practice makes for a good presentation, a good presentation will help your

audience understand your science, understanding your science is important for everyone, for you as an individual and society at large, and remember society is funding your science.

Critical analysis§ How would you introduce your topic? Catch people’s attention?

§ How would you change/tweak the presentation to different audiences?§ What does grandma need to know?

§ How would you pitch the idea to the HR manager at a local firm?

§ Why should KI fund your research?

§ Considering Ethos/Pathos/Logos, how would you adapt the presentation to incorporate those aspects of public speaking?

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Wrapping things up§ Make sure what you want to say

§ Plan it carefully!

§ Lighten up on the details!

§ Focus on a clear Take home message

§ Adopt different modes of persuasion§ Ethos

§ Logos

§ Pathos

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Useful linksGarr Reynolds’s website on Presentation Skillshttp://www.garrreynolds.com/preso-tips/

Garr Reynolds’s TedEx Talk “Story, Imagery and the Art of 21st Century Presentationshttp://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/Story-Imagery-the-Art-of-21st-2;search%3Agarr%20reynolds

University of Leicester on Delivering an Effective Presentationhttp://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ld/resources/presentations/delivering-presentation

University of Leicester on Designing a Poster (20-minute tutorial)https://connect.le.ac.uk/posters