Animal Tissues

AnimalAnimalTissues

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Tissues Groups of cells with common structure and

function.

Cells

Tissues

Organ

Organ systems

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Categories of Tissues

• Epithelium

• Connective

• Muscle

• Nervous

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Epithelial Tissue Tightly-joined closely-packed cells.

One side of epithelium exposed to air or internal fluid, other side attached to a basement membrane

Covers the outside of the body and lines the internal organs and cavities.

Barrier against mechanical injury, invasive microorganisms, and fluid loss.

Provides surface for absorption, excretion and transport of molecules.

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Simple Squamous– Lining of lungs, blood vessels, urinary

Stratified Squamous– Protection – lining of esophagus, vagina,

mouth, skin

Cuboidal Epithelium– Kidney tubules– Duct and small glands– Surface of ovary

Cuboidal

cell

in s

imple

epitheliu

m

Columnar Epithelium Elongated cells, much longer

than they are wide. Simple Columnar Epithelium Pseudo stratified ciliated

columnar epithelium Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar -

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Types of Epithelial

TissueCell shapeSquamousCuboidalColumnar

Number of cell layersSimplePseudostratifiedColumnar

Squamous epithelium is flattened cells. Cuboidal epithelium is cube-shaped cells. Columnar epithelium consists of elongated cells.

Squamous

Cuboidal

Columnar

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Types of Epithelial

TissueSquamous

Cuboidal

Columnar

Apical surface

Basal surface

Apical surface

Basal surface

Simple

Stratified

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Connective Tissue Characterized by the cells widely separated from each

other in a matrix that is produced by the cells. Tissue protects and supports. Cell Matrix composed of two regions

– Ground• Liquid (sol), Gel, Gum or solid

– Fibers• Non-elastic (White or Collagen)• Elastic (Yellow fibers)

Types of Connective Tissue

A. Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue

B. AdiposeC. Blood

D. Fibrous Connective TissueE. CartilageF. Bone

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Loose Connective

Tissue Contain fibers and fibroblasts

Fibroblasts produce and secrete the fibers.

Loosely arranged in a semi fluid substance.

Acts as the framework for epithelium.

Forms a protective layer over muscle, nerves, and blood vessels.

Elastic Fibers

Collagen Fibers

Fibroblast nuclei

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Adipose Tissue Adipose cells contain a large vacuole which in the

live cell contains lipids. Cell nucleus and cytoplasm are pushed out to

edge of cell membrane. Adipose tissue has enlarged fibroblasts storing fats

and reduced intracellular matrix. Adipose tissue facilitates energy storage and

insulation.

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Blood connective

tissue Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen. White blood cells (leukocytes) function in the immune

system. Plasma transports dissolved glucose, wastes, carbon

dioxide and hormones, as well as regulating the water balance for the blood cells.

Platelets are cell fragments that function in blood clotting.

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Blood vessel

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Plasma

Platelets

Blood connective

tissue

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Fibrous Connective

Tissue Many fibers of collagen occurs in Tendons, connect muscle to bone. Ligaments connect bone to bone at a joint. Contains elastic fibers that allow movement at

joints

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Cartilage Tissue• Cells are called chondrocytes.

• Cells lie in small chambers called lacunae, separated by a matrix.

• Also called hyaline cartilage.• Hyaline Cartilage – nose, trachea, ends of bones

Chondrocytes Matrix

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Solid connective tissue Ground of matrix is Solid.

Has blood supply and nerves running through the Haversian canal systems.

Bone has calcium salts in the matrix, giving it greater strength.

Bone also serves as a reservoir (or sink) for calcium.

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Muscle Tissue Composed of cells that contract when stimulated Helps move the body and specific body parts Skeletal, cardiac, smooth Muscle fibers are multinucleated, with the nuclei located

just under the plasma membrane. Most of the cell is occupied by striated, thread-like

myofibrils.

Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac MuscleNM Spirit

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Skeletal (striated) Muscle These cells function in conjunction with the skeletal

system for voluntary muscle movements. Located in muscles that attach to bones. Long, cylindrical cells are striated. Cells are bundled closely together in parallel arrays.

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Smooth Muscle These cells function in involuntary movements and/or

autonomic responses (such as breathing, secretion, ejaculation, birth, and certain reflexes).

Spindle shaped cells that form masses. These fibers are components of structures in the

digestive system, reproductive tract, and blood vessels.

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Cardiac Muscle A type of striated muscle found only in the heart. The cell has a bifurcated (or forked) shape, usually with

the nucleus near the center of the cell. The cells are usually connected to each other by

intercalated disks.

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Nervous Tissue Dendrites receive

information from another cell and transmit the message to the cell body.

The cell body contains the nucleus, mitochondria and other organelles typical of eukaryotic cells.

The axon conducts messages away from the cell body.

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Tissue Type Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve

Cell ShapeFlattened, cuboidal, columnar

Irregular or round Elongated

Cell appendages

branched

Cell Arrangement

Single multilayered

Scattered in matrix

In sheets or bundles

Isolated or networked

LocationBody covering or lining organs

or cavities

Supports other organs

Lining internal organs, make

skeletal muscles

Concentrated in brain and spinal cord + all over the

body

Surface Feature of Cells Cilia, microvilli - - -

Matrix Type Basement membrane

Varied – protein fibers

+ liquid, gelatinous,

firm to calcified

- -

Matrix Amount Minimal Extensive Absent Absent

Unique FeatureNo direct blood supply, except

for glands

Cartilage has no blood supply

Can generate electrical

signals, force and movement

Can generate electrical

signal

The End

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