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ANATOMY
Unit 3 Notes:Blood
Composition
(1) Blood• Purpose:
Transport nutrients and waste throughout the body to their designated locations.
• Contains living and nonliving components:– Living = Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells– Nonliving = Platelets, Proteins, Plasma,
Inorganic Compounds
(2) Blood Cells & Parts• Red Blood Cells = Erythrocytes
– Carry oxygen-containing gases – Use protein hemoglobin to bind with gases
• White Blood Cells = Leukocytes– Part of Immune System– Protect body against infectious agents
• Platelets– Fragments of red blood cells– Aid in clotting
(3) Plasma• The liquid portion of blood.
• Made of mostly water, and various proteins and inorganic compounds (like salts and sugars).
• Important Plasma Proteins:– Albumin Regulates osmotic pressure within
blood.– Fibrinogen and Globulin Aids in clotting.
(4) White Blood Cell Specialties
• White blood cells must be able to reach any area in body with infection.
• Leukocytes use:– Positive Chemotaxis To locate infectious
agents within body using the antibody-antigen response system.
– Diapedesis To travel through organs to reach the infectious agents.
(5) Types of White Blood Cells
• Neutrophils:– The most common and active.– First to respond to an infection site.
• Basophils:– Release histamine during infection.– Histamine dilates the blood vessels to increase
blood flow.
• Lymphocytes: Use antibodies and antigens.– B Lymphocytes Produce antibodies to ID
foreign cells.– T Lymphocytes Respond to antibodies and
find foreign cells.
• Monocytes:– Present during chronic infection.– A last responder when other white blood cells
did not work.
• Eosinophils:– Attack and engulf larger parasitic organisms.
(6) Anemia
• Anemia is when oxygen is not being carried to tissues.
• Causes for Anemia:– Misshapen red blood cells– Low hemoglobin concentration– Low blood cell count– General lack of oxygen in system
• Symptoms:– Excruciating pains throughout the body.– Extreme fatigue.– Low endurance during physical activity.– Loss of body heat easily.
• Sickle Cell Anemia:– Red blood cells are sickled shaped.– Cannot bind with oxygen and often clog up
blood vessels.
• Hereditary Spherocytosis:– Red blood cells balloon out like basketballs.– Cannot bind with oxygen and are destroyed by
the spleen.
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