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"Does the Constitution follow the flag?"
American Foreign Trade:
1870-1914
American Foreign Trade:
1870-1914
1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business InterestsInterests
1. Commercial/Business 1. Commercial/Business InterestsInterests
2. Military/Strategic 2. Military/Strategic InterestsInterests
2. Military/Strategic 2. Military/Strategic InterestsInterests
Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783
Alfred T. Mahan The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783
3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking3. Social Darwinist Thinking
The White Man’sBurden
The White Man’sBurdenThe Hierarchy
of RaceThe Hierarchy
of Race
4. Religious/Missionary 4. Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests
4. Religious/Missionary 4. Religious/Missionary InterestsInterests
American Missionaries
in China, 1905
American Missionaries
in China, 1905
5. Closing the American 5. Closing the American FrontierFrontier
5. Closing the American 5. Closing the American FrontierFrontier
U. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in HawaiiU. S. Missionaries in Hawaii
Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s
Imiola Church – first built in the late 1820s
U. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of HawaiiansU. S. View of Hawaiians
Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849
by virtue of economic treaties.
Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849
by virtue of economic treaties.
Hawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
Hawaii for the Hawaiians!
U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii
U. S. Business Interests In U. S. Business Interests In HawaiiHawaii
1890 – 1890 – McKinley McKinley TariffTariff
1893 – AmericanAmericanbusinessmen backed businessmen backed ananuprising against uprising against Queen Queen Liliuokalani.Liliuokalani.
Sanford Ballard DoleSanford Ballard Dole
proclaims the proclaims the Republic Republic of Hawaii in 1894.of Hawaii in 1894.
To The Victor Belongs the To The Victor Belongs the SpoilsSpoils
To The Victor Belongs the To The Victor Belongs the SpoilsSpoils
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
Hawaiian Annexation Ceremony, 1898
Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853Opens Up Japan: 1853
Commodore Matthew Perry Commodore Matthew Perry Opens Up Japan: 1853Opens Up Japan: 1853
The Japanese View of
Commodore Perry
The Japanese View of
Commodore Perry
Gentleman’s Agreement: Gentleman’s Agreement: 19081908
Gentleman’s Agreement: Gentleman’s Agreement: 19081908A Japanese note agreeing A Japanese note agreeing to deny passports to laborers to deny passports to laborers entering the U.S.entering the U.S.
Japan recognized the U.S.Japan recognized the U.S.right to exclude Japaneseright to exclude Japaneseimmigrants holding passportsimmigrants holding passportsissued by other countries.issued by other countries.
The U.S. government got theThe U.S. government got theschool board of San Francisco school board of San Francisco to rescind their order to to rescind their order to segregate Asians in separate segregate Asians in separate schools.schools.
1908 1908 Root-Takahira Root-Takahira AgreementAgreement..
Lodge Corollary to the Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1912Monroe Doctrine: 1912Lodge Corollary to the Lodge Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1912Monroe Doctrine: 1912
Senator Henry Senator Henry CabotCabotLodge, Sr. (R-MA)Lodge, Sr. (R-MA)
Non-European Non-European powers,powers,like Japan, would belike Japan, would beexcluded from excluded from owningowningterritory in the territory in the WesternWesternHemisphere.Hemisphere.
““Seward’s Folly”: 1867Seward’s Folly”: 1867““Seward’s Folly”: 1867Seward’s Folly”: 1867
$7.2 million$7.2 million
““Seward’s Icebox”: 1867Seward’s Icebox”: 1867““Seward’s Icebox”: 1867Seward’s Icebox”: 1867
The Imperialist TailorThe Imperialist TailorThe Imperialist TailorThe Imperialist Tailor
Spanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in CubaSpanish Misrule in Cuba
Valeriano Weyler’s Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy“Reconcentration” Policy
Valeriano Weyler’s Valeriano Weyler’s “Reconcentration” Policy“Reconcentration” Policy
““Yellow Journalism” & Yellow Journalism” & JingoismJingoism
““Yellow Journalism” & Yellow Journalism” & JingoismJingoism
Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer
William Randolph Hearst
William Randolph Hearst
Hearst to Frederick Hearst to Frederick Remington:Remington: You furnish the You furnish the pictures,pictures, and I’ll furnish the war! and I’ll furnish the war!
De Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme LetterDe Lôme Letter
Dupuy de Lôme, Dupuy de Lôme, SpanishSpanishAmbassador to the Ambassador to the U.S.U.S.
Criticized PresidentCriticized PresidentMcKinley as McKinley as weak and weak and aabidder for the bidder for the admirationadmirationof the crowd, besidesof the crowd, besidesbeing a would-be being a would-be politicianpoliticianwho tries to leave a who tries to leave a doordooropen behind himself open behind himself whilewhilekeeping on good termskeeping on good termswith the jingoes of hiswith the jingoes of hisparty.party.
Theodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltAssistant Assistant Secretary of the Secretary of the Navy in the Navy in the McKinley McKinley administration.administration.
Imperialist and Imperialist and American American nationalist.nationalist.
Criticized Criticized PresidentPresidentMcKinley as McKinley as having the having the backbone of a backbone of a chocolate éclair!chocolate éclair!
Resigns his Resigns his position to fight in position to fight in Cuba.Cuba.
The The “Rough “Rough Riders”Riders”
The The “Rough “Rough Riders”Riders”
Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!
Funeral for Maine victims in Havana
Funeral for Maine victims in Havana
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):
“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):
“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):
“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”
The Spanish-American War The Spanish-American War (1898):(1898):
“That Splendid Little War”“That Splendid Little War”
Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!Dewey Captures Manila!
Emilio AguinaldoEmilio AguinaldoEmilio AguinaldoEmilio Aguinaldo
LLeader of the Filipinoeader of the FilipinoUprising.Uprising.
July 4, 1946:July 4, 1946:Philippine Philippine independenceindependence
William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines
William H. Taft, 1stWilliam H. Taft, 1stGov.-General of the PhilippinesGov.-General of the Philippines
Great Great administrator.administrator.
Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”Our “Sphere of Influence”
The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898The Treaty of Paris: 1898
Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island ofisland ofGuam.Guam.
The U. S. paid SpainThe U. S. paid Spain$20 mil. for the$20 mil. for thePhilippines.Philippines.
The U. S. becomesThe U. S. becomesan imperial power!an imperial power!
The American Anti-The American Anti-Imperialist Imperialist
League League
The American Anti-The American Anti-Imperialist Imperialist
League LeagueFounded in 1899.Founded in 1899.
Mark Twain, Mark Twain, Andrew Andrew Carnegie and Carnegie and WilliamWilliamJennings Bryan Jennings Bryan amongamongthe leaders.the leaders.
Campaigned Campaigned against the against the annexation of theannexation of thePhilippines and Philippines and otherotheracts of imperialism.acts of imperialism.
Teller Amendment Teller Amendment (1898)(1898)
Platt AmendmentPlatt Amendment (1903) (1903)
1.1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign powers that would endanger its foreign powers that would endanger its independence.independence.
2.2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary to maintain an efficient, independent necessary to maintain an efficient, independent govt.govt.
3.3. Cuba must lease Cuba must lease Guantanamo BayGuantanamo Bay to the U.S. for to the U.S. for naval and coaling station.naval and coaling station.
4.4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.
Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?Cuban Independence?
Senator Orville Platt
Senator Orville Platt
Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 18981900 - Foraker ActForaker Act..
PR became an “unincorporated PR became an “unincorporated territory.”territory.”
Citizens of PR, not of the US.Citizens of PR, not of the US.
Import duties on PR goodsImport duties on PR goods
1901-1903 1901-1903 the the Insular CasesInsular Cases..
Constitutional rights were not Constitutional rights were not automatically extended to territorial automatically extended to territorial possessions.possessions.
Congress had the power to decide these Congress had the power to decide these rights.rights.
Import duties laid down by the Foraker Import duties laid down by the Foraker Act were legal!Act were legal!
Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 1898Puerto Rico: 18981917 – 1917 – Jones ActJones Act..
Gave full territorial status to PR.Gave full territorial status to PR.
Removed tariff duties on PR goods Removed tariff duties on PR goods coming into the US.coming into the US.
PRs elected their own PRs elected their own legislators & governor legislators & governor to enforce laws.to enforce laws.
PRs could NOT votePRs could NOT votein US presidentialin US presidentialelections.elections.
A resident commissioner was A resident commissioner was sent to Washington to vote sent to Washington to vote for PR in the House.for PR in the House.
Panama CanalPanama CanalPanama CanalPanama Canal
TR in Panama(Construction
begins in 1904)
TR in Panama(Construction
begins in 1904)
The Roosevelt Corollary to The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine: 1905the Monroe Doctrine: 1905The Roosevelt Corollary to The Roosevelt Corollary to
the Monroe Doctrine: 1905the Monroe Doctrine: 1905Chronic wrongdoing… may Chronic wrongdoing… may in America, as elsewhere, in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require ultimately require intervention by some intervention by some civilized nation, and in the civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United adherence of the United States to the Monroe States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the Doctrine may force the United States, however United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant reluctantly, in flagrant cases of suchcases of such wrongdoing wrongdoing or impotence, to the or impotence, to the exercise of an exercise of an international police international police powerpower .
Speak Softly,Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!But Carry a Big Stick!
Speak Softly,Speak Softly,But Carry a Big Stick!But Carry a Big Stick!
Stereotypes of the Stereotypes of the Chinese Chinese
ImmigrantImmigrant
Stereotypes of the Stereotypes of the Chinese Chinese
ImmigrantImmigrant
Oriental [Chinese]
Exclusion Act, 1887
Oriental [Chinese]
Exclusion Act, 1887
The Boxer Rebellion: The Boxer Rebellion: 19001900
The Boxer Rebellion: The Boxer Rebellion: 19001900
The Peaceful Harmonious The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.Fists.
““55 Days at Peking.”55 Days at Peking.”
The Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door PolicyThe Open Door Policy
Secretary Secretary John HayJohn Hay..
Give all nations equalGive all nations equalaccess to trade in China.access to trade in China.
Guaranteed that China would NOT be Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken taken over by any one foreign power.over by any one foreign power.
TheTheOpen Door Open Door
PolicyPolicy
TheTheOpen Door Open Door
PolicyPolicy
America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower
America as a Pacific America as a Pacific PowerPower
The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910s
The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910s
Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico Mexico and puts Madero in prison where he and puts Madero in prison where he was was murdered.murdered.
Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano Emiliano Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought against Huerta.against Huerta.
The U.S. also got involved by The U.S. also got involved by occupying occupying Veracruz and Huerta fled the Veracruz and Huerta fled the country.country.
Eventually Carranza would gain Eventually Carranza would gain power in power in Mexico.Mexico.
The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910s
The Mexican Revolution: The Mexican Revolution: 1910s1910sEmiliano
ZapataEmiliano Zapata
Francisco I Madero
Francisco I Madero
Venustiano Carranza
Venustiano Carranza
Porfirio Diaz
Porfirio Diaz
Pancho Villa
Pancho Villa
Wilson’s “Moral Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”Diplomacy”
Wilson’s “Moral Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”Diplomacy”
The U. S. shouldThe U. S. shouldbe the consciencebe the conscienceof the world.of the world.
Spread Spread democracy.democracy.
Promote peace.Promote peace.
Condemn Condemn colonialism.colonialism.
Searching for Searching for BanditosBanditosSearching for Searching for BanditosBanditos
General John J. PershingGeneral John J. Pershing with with PanchoPanchoVillaVilla in 1914. in 1914.
Taft’s “Dollar Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”Diplomacy”
Taft’s “Dollar Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”Diplomacy”
Improve financialImprove financialopportunities for opportunities for American businesses.American businesses.
Use private capital toUse private capital tofurther U. S. interestsfurther U. S. interestsoverseas.overseas.
Therefore, the U.S. Therefore, the U.S. should create stability should create stability and order abroad that and order abroad that would best promote would best promote America’s commercial America’s commercial interests.interests.
U. S. Interventions in U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920sLatin America: 1898-1920s
U. S. Interventions in U. S. Interventions in Latin America: 1898-1920sLatin America: 1898-1920s
The Cares of a Growing The Cares of a Growing FamilyFamily
The Cares of a Growing The Cares of a Growing FamilyFamily
Constable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the WorldConstable of the World
Treaty of Portsmouth: Treaty of Portsmouth: 19051905
Treaty of Portsmouth: Treaty of Portsmouth: 19051905
Nobel Peace Prize for TeddyNobel Peace Prize for Teddy
The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907The Great White Fleet: 1907
Uncle Sam: One of the Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”“Boys?”
Uncle Sam: One of the Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”“Boys?”
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