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Cold War Civil Rights
Cold War
Democracy versus Communism
As the world’s exemplary democracy, America ostensibly stood for life, liberty & pursuit of happiness and offered to extend this system around the world.
Soviet Union pointed to American race relations as an example of American hypocrisy.
McCarthyism affected the careers of leading African-American activists:o Paul Robesono W.E.B. DuBois
International Opinion
Gunnar Myrdal, et. al., An American Dilemma (1944)
U.N. Declaration of Universal Human Rights (1948)
UNESCO “The Race Question” (1950) “We Charge Genocide” (1951) Pan-Africanism African & Southeast Asian Liberation
Movements• Ghandi’s Resistance to British Rule in India• South African “Defiance Campaign” (1952)• Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya (1953-1961)• Ghanaian Independence (1957)
Route 40 Racism
Legal Victories Against Segregation
Segregated Education1. Missouri ex. rel. Gaines v. Canada (1938)2. Sweatt v. Painter (1950)3. McLaurin v. Oklahoma Board of Regents (1950)4. Brown v. Board of Education (1954 & 1955)
Segregated Transportation5. Mitchell v. U.S. (1941)6. Morgan v. Virginia (1946)7. Henderson v. United State (1950)8. ICC Ruling (1955)9. Browder v. Gayle (1956)
Movement Victories
1. Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956)MIA -> SCLC “Passive Resistance”
2. Integration of Little Rock Central H.S. (1957)
3. Expansion of Southern NAACP• Robert F. Williams (NC) ~ armed
resistance• Megar Evers (MS) ~ boycotts
Brown v. Board of Education
Prejudice & Personality
The Problem We All Live With
Emmett Till
Southern Voting Patterns
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