Adjective and adverb

ADJECTIVES

DIAGNOSTIC TEST•Decide whether you have to use much or many:

1.How _____ oranges did you put in the box?

2.There isn’t _____ sugar in my coffee.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST•Decide whether you have to use a little or a few:

1.Can you please buy _______ apples.

2.We need _______ water.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST•Decide whether you have to use some or any:

1. Is there _______ milk left?

2.There is _______ juice in the bottle.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST•Decide whether you have to use some or many:

1. I can lend you _______ money if you need it.

2.There aren’t _______ pears left. Only two.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST•Decide whether you have to use little or less:

1. I have _______ interest in classical music.

2.We need _______ furniture in this dance hall than in the big one.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST•Decide whether you have to use a little or a lot:

1.That may cost you _______ of money.

2. I added _______ sugar to the mix.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST•Decide whether you have to use few or little:

1.There’s _______ point in calling.

2._______ people understood what he said.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST•Decide whether you have to use fewer or less:

1.There were _______ days below freezing last winter.

2. I drank _______ water than she did.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST•Decide whether you have to use farther or further

1.How much _______ do you plan to drive tonight?

2. I just can’t go any _______.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST•Decide whether you have to use later or latter:

1.My neighbors have a son and a daughter : the former is a teacher, the _______ is a nurse.

2. I will address that at a _______ time.

DIAGNOSTIC TEST•Decide whether you have to use last or latter:1.Jack, Jill and Bob went up the hill; the

_______ watched the other two fall down.

2.The former half of the film is more interesting than the _______ half.

ADVERBS

•a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc. (google.com)

Adverb

ADVERB MAY BE CLASSIFIED, ACCORDING TO THEIR MEANING.

1. MANNER [HOW?]well

automatically

with care

as I thought he would

2. FREQUENCY [HOW OFTEN?]never

sometime

occasionally

seldom

often

daily

always

every other month

each time he visits

3. PLACE [WHERE?]herethereinsideoutside

nearnearbybehind the doorwhere the water flows

4. TIME [WHEN?]NowLaterTomorrowEarlier

YesterdayAs soon as possible

5. DEGREE [TO WHAT EXTENT?]immenselycompletelypartlyutterlymainly

ratherfairlyexceedinglyveryquite

toosomuchmoremost

6. INTERROGATIVEWhenWhereHowWhy

On what dateIn what placeIn what wayFor what reason

7. AFFIRMATIONcertainlysurelyassuredlybeyond a shadow of doubtby all means

8. DOUBTperhapsprobablymaybein all probability

9. APPROXIMATIONaboutapproximatelysometime

10. NEGATION

notby no means

DERIVATIONS

oaimless – aimlessly

obrisk – briskly

ocareful – carefully

olaborious – laboriously

omomentary - momentarily

operfect – perfectly

oquick – quickly

osimple – simply

oslow - slowly

Adjectives into adverbs by adding “-ly” or “ily”

oLength – lengthwise

oSide – sideways

Nouns into adverbs by adding “-ways” or “-wise”

oDaily (as adjective)daily exercise

odaily (as adverb of manner)

The dancer exercise daily.

oleisurely > in a leisurely manneromanly > in a manly wayostately > in a stately manner

Adjectives ending in “-ly” do not take the adverbial suffix “-ly” when used as adverbs others are

rephrased as “in + a + adj. + manner/way”

BeastlyBrotherlyCowardlyEarthlyFriendlyGhostly

GodlyHeavenlyHomelyKinglyLeisurelyLovely

MasterlyPrincelyWordlySisterly‘scholarly

Some common adjectives ending in “-ly” derived from nouns:

DeadlyElderlyKindlyGoodly

LonelySlowlysticky

Some common adjectives ending in “-ly” derived from other adjectives, with some

change in meaning:

hourlydailyyearlynightly

weeklyfortnightlymonthly

A group of “-ly” word referring to periods of time may have the same forms as adjectives

and adverbs:

FastMy assistant types fast.My assistant is a fast typist.

Other common adverbs have the same form as their adjective

counterparts.

Hard New employees always work hard.Not a few tenured employees are

hard workers.

Other common adverbs have the same form as their adjective

counterparts.

LateSome people always come late.Some people are always late.

Other common adverbs have the same form as their adjective

counterparts.

LikelyHe will likely win the contest.He is likely winner.

Other common adverbs have the same form as their adjective

counterparts.

Right The examiner did right. The examiner is right.

Other common adverbs have the same form as their adjective

counterparts.

Still The soldier stood still.The air is still.

Other common adverbs have the same form as their adjective

counterparts.

Straight He sat straight.He is straight.

Other common adverbs have the same form as their adjective

counterparts.

Well This new computer works well.He isn’t well.

Other common adverbs have the same form as their adjective

counterparts.

SOME GUIDELINES ON ADJECTIVES AND

ADVERBS

Do not confuse between adjectives and adverbs; adjectives modify nouns while adverbs modify verbs, adjective and other adverbs

GOOD VS WELL

1.This is a good printer.

2.This printer is now working well.

MOST VS MOSTLY AND ALMOST1.His remarks were mostly encouraging.

2. Most of his remarks were encouraging.

3. I feel like almost all of my friends are fake.

REAL VS REALLY

1.He is a real friend.

2.I know him really well.

SOME VS SOMEWHAT

1.Some immigration run afoul of the law.

2.A few are somewhat ignorant about simple ordinances.

SOMETIME VS AT SOME TIME VS SOMETIMES

1.The cash awards will be given out sometime next week.

2.The cash awards will be given out at some time next week.

3.Sometimes, the cash awards will be given out the following week.

SURE VS SURELY

1.Your presentation was a sure success.

2.Surely, your presentation was a success.

Some adverbs idiomatically combine with certain adjectives:

•The family was fast / sound asleep when the burglars struck.

•The maids were wide awake, watching late movies on TV.

•His car is spanking new.

•I want my tea boiling hot.

Among the quantifying adjectives, the forms which also function as adverbs are less, least, more, and most.:

•Science and technology are now becoming more popular the humanities.

•Films are generally less complicated in plot than novels.

Verb belonging to the seem group ( appear, look, sound, taste, feel), as well as a few other verbs (come, guess, plead, run, stand, think may be followed by adjectives.

•The embattled mayor pleaded innocent.

•The embattled mayor must establish that he acted innocently.

•Think positive.

Some adverbs idiomatically combine with certain adjectives:

•The family was fast / sound asleep when the burglars struck.

•The maids were wide awake, watching late movies on TV.

•His car is spanking new.

•I want my tea boiling hot.

Some adverbs idiomatically combine with certain adjectives:

•The family was fast / sound asleep when the burglars struck.

•The maids were wide awake, watching late movies on TV.

•His car is spanking new.

•I want my tea boiling hot.