2011 expo-passive house-designing-lowenergy buildings

Passive House Designing Low Energy Buildings

© 2011 PHIUS

Katrin Klingenberg, Executive Director

www.passivehouse.us

www.PHAUS.org

Passive House Institute US | PHIUS

1 Passive House Enclosure

© 2011 PHIUS

Enclosure Principle

Optimize the House… … to the Heating System

Why Passive House?

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

energy-efficiency

new

geo-/ozean. power

solar

windpower

waterpower

new biomass

trad. Biomass

Reference: Shell-Study (till 2005), Scenario with high efficiency and regenerative usage of energy

Worldwide Energy Resources and Consumption:

0

200

400

600

800

1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010 2030 2050 2070 2090

trad. Biomass

nuclear

gas

oil

coal

Etajoule

k

Standards & Rating Comparison

The 2030 Challenge brought forward by Architect Ed Mazria:

64°F 68°F

6°F

Yes !

Passive House Comfort Principle

© 2011 PHIUS

6°F

min 64°F surface temp = Comfort

Θsi Interior surface temperature

Θi Room temperature

Θsi = Θi – U * Rsi * (Θi – Θe)

Calculation of the interior surface temperature of a wall assembly:

© 2011 PHIUS

Θi Room temperature

Θe Outside temperature

U U-value of the wall assembly

Rsi Interior surface film coefficient

SI Units IP

1 Heat Load: ≤10 W/m2 ≤ 1 W/ft2

Cooling Load: ≤ 8 W/m2 ≤ 0.8 W/ft2

2 Envelope Insulation:2 Envelope Insulation:Very Cold/humidVery Cold/humid Minneapolis, MNMinneapolis, MN U≤0.08 W/mU≤0.08 W/m22KK R≥71 hrR≥71 hr--ftft22--°°F/BtuF/BtuColdCold Chicago, ILChicago, IL U≤0.094 W/mU≤0.094 W/m22KK R≥60 hrR≥60 hr--ftft22--°°F/BtuF/BtuMixed/humidMixed/humid Ashville, NCAshville, NC U≤0.16 W/mU≤0.16 W/m22KK R≥35 hrR≥35 hr--ftft22--°°F/BtuF/BtuMixed/dryMixed/dry Las Vegas, NVLas Vegas, NV U≤0.14 W/mU≤0.14 W/m22KK R≥40 hrR≥40 hr--ftft22--°°F/BtuF/BtuMarine Marine Seattle, WASeattle, WA U≤0.13 W/mU≤0.13 W/m22KK R≥44 hrR≥44 hr--ftft22--°°F/BtuF/BtuHot/humidHot/humid Houston, TXHouston, TX U≤0.14 W/mU≤0.14 W/m22KK R≥40 hrR≥40 hr--ftft22--°°F/BtuF/BtuHot/dryHot/dry Phoenix, AZPhoenix, AZ U≤0.14 W/mU≤0.14 W/m22KK R≥40 hrR≥40 hr--ftft22--°°F/BtuF/Btu

Climate Specific Recommendations Passive House

© 2011 PHIUS

3 Thermal Bridge Free Construction:3 Thermal Bridge Free Construction:Linear Thermal TransmittanceLinear Thermal Transmittance ΨΨ≤0.01 W/≤0.01 W/mKmK ΨΨ≤0.006 Btu/hr≤0.006 Btu/hr--ftft--°°F F

4 High Performance Windows installed:4 High Performance Windows installed:Overall Thermal Transmittance (Very Cold)Overall Thermal Transmittance (Very Cold) UU≤0.6 W/m≤0.6 W/m22KK UU≤0.11 Btu/hr≤0.11 Btu/hr--ftft22--°°FFOverall Thermal Transmittance (Cold/Mixed)Overall Thermal Transmittance (Cold/Mixed) UU≤0.85 W/m≤0.85 W/m22KK UU≤0.15 Btu/hr≤0.15 Btu/hr--ftft22--°°FFOverall Thermal Transmittance (Hot)Overall Thermal Transmittance (Hot) UU≤1.55 W/m≤1.55 W/m22KK UU≤0.27 Btu/hr≤0.27 Btu/hr--ftft22--°°FF

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (Mixed/Cold) g-value≥50% SHGC≥50%Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (Hot) g-value ≤ 30% SHGC ≤ 30%

5 Heat Recovery Ventilation:Net Efficiency η≥80% η≥80%

Electric Consumption of motor ≤0.45 Wh/m3 ≤0.76 W/cfm

Passive House Solution:

Thermal-bridge free and with the appropriate amount of insulation depending on design

Continuous Insulation –

Dimensioned to maintain Passive House surface temperatures:

© 2011 PHIUS

depending on design temperature!

Minimum surface temperature

with furniture placement: 58 °F

Current New Construction Passive House Standard

Energy Metrics (discounted interior conditioned floor area - TFA)

Annual Heating Energy Demand ≤4.75 kBtu/ft2 yr or 15 kWh/m2a

Annual Cooling Energy Demand ≤4.75 kBtu/ft2 yr or 15 kWh/m2a

© 2011 PHIUS

Annual Total Primary Energy ≤38 kBtu/ft2 yr [11.1 kWh/ft2 yr] or 120 kWh/m2a Demand

Air Leakage @ 50 Pa ≤0.6 ACH50

Current New Construction Passive House Standard adjusted

Energy Metrics (exterior building dimensions as customary in US)

Annual Heating Energy Demand ≤3.325 kBtu/ft2 yr or 0.97 kWh/ft2 yr

Annual Cooling Energy Demand ≤3.325 kBtu/ft2 yr or 0.97 kWh/ft2 yr

© 2011 PHIUS

Annual Total Primary Energy ≤7.77 kWh/ft2 yr

Demand

Air Leakage @ 50 Pa ≤0.6 ACH50

2 Cold Climate Passive House Frame

© 2011 PHIUS

House Frame

Stanton Residence – 2009, Urbana IL – e-co lab

© 2011 PHIUS

Ecological wall construction for a cold climate:

© 2011 PHIUS

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The highly efficient Window Profile

© 2011 PHIUS

Passive House windowrequirements for cold climates (triple-pane, argon filled, low-e on the right)

High Performance Glazing for minimized transmission losses-

© 2011 PHIUS

filled, low-e on the right)

© 2011 PHIUS

© 2011 PHIUS

Optiwin window sections

© 2011 PHIUS

Enersign Window

Uframe = 0.8 W/(m²K)

Curtain Wall

www.raico.de

Uframe = 0.7 W/(m²K)www.optiwin.net/mueller-en?set_language=en

Thermotech Window Section

© 2011 PHIUS

© 2011 PHIUS

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Larsen Trusses rated for New and Retrofit applications-

© 2011 PHIUS

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Affordable Dublin House – 2010, Urbana Illinois – e-co lab

© 2011 PHIUS

3 Cold Climate Passive House Foam and Frame

© 2011 PHIUS

House Foam and Frame Enclosure

Framed Walls with exterior Foam

© 2011 PHIUS

© 2011 PHIUS

2010 Konkol Home, Konkol Project Wisconsin – Architect Tim Eian

© 2011 PHIUS

© 2011 PHIUS

Thermal Imaging of the Envelope to detect flaws

� Thermal bridge detection

� Airtightness leaks

� gaps in insulation

© 2011 PHIUS

© 2011 PHIUS

The Hudson Passive Project: NY State - Architect Dennis Wedlick

�Graphite enhanced EPS SIP Panels

�Airtightness resultHolds record: 0.14 ACH50

© 2011 PHIUS

4 Passive House Enclosure Marine Climate

© 2011 PHIUS

Enclosure Marine Climate

CPPP East End Project – 2010, Seattle, WA – Builder Dan Whitmore

© 2011 PHIUS

Modified Larsen Truss Solution

© 2011 PHIUS

Rain Screen Facade

© 2011 PHIUS

Marine Climate: Courtland Place PH 2010 – Dan Whitmore

Marine Climate Zone 4: Builder Blake Bilyeu – 2010, Salem, OR

© 2011 PHIUS

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O’Neil Residence 2010, Sonoma CA – Architect Jarrod Denton

© 2011 PHIUS

1st fully certified Retrofit Project in the US!

5 Passive House Enclosure Mixed Humid

© 2011 PHIUS

Enclosure Mixed Humid Climates

Studio 804 Kansas City – 2010, MO

© 2011 PHIUS

Kenmore Rd Project, Chapel Hill NC – 2010 – Builder Chris Senior

© 2011 PHIUS

© 2011 PHIUS

6 Passive House Enclosure Mixed Dry

© 2011 PHIUS

Enclosure Mixed Dry Climates

Breezeway House – 2009, Salt Lake City, Utah – Architect Dave Brach

© 2011 PHIUS

7 Passive House Enclosure Hot Humid

© 2011 PHIUS

Enclosure Hot Humid Climate

204 Whit – 2010, Lafayette, LA – Corey Saft

© 2011 PHIUS

© 2011 PHIUS

© 2011 PHIUS

8 Cost Optimization-Passive House Mechanicals

© 2011 PHIUS

Mechanicals

SI Units IP

1 Heat Load:1 Heat Load: ≤10 W/m≤10 W/m2 2 ≤ 1 W/ft≤ 1 W/ft2 2

Cooling Load:Cooling Load: ≤ 8 W/m≤ 8 W/m2 2 ≤ 0.8 W/ft≤ 0.8 W/ft2 2

2 Envelope Insulation:Very Cold/humid Minneapolis, MN U≤0.08 W/m2K R≥71 hr-ft2-°F/BtuCold Chicago, IL U≤0.094 W/m2K R≥60 hr-ft2-°F/BtuMixed/humid Ashville, NC U≤0.16 W/m2K R≥35 hr-ft2-°F/BtuMixed/dry Las Vegas, NV U≤0.14 W/m2K R≥40 hr-ft2-°F/BtuMarine Seattle, WA U≤0.13 W/m2K R≥44 hr-ft2-°F/BtuHot/humid Houston, TX U≤0.14 W/m2K R≥40 hr-ft2-°F/BtuHot/dry Phoenix, AZ U≤0.14 W/m2K R≥40 hr-ft2-°F/Btu

Climate Specific Recommendations Passive House

© 2011 PHIUS

3 Thermal Bridge Free Construction:Linear Thermal Transmittance Ψ≤0.01 W/mK Ψ≤0.006 Btu/hr-ft-°F

4 High Performance Windows installed:Overall Thermal Transmittance (Very Cold) U≤0.6 W/m2K U≤0.11 Btu/hr-ft2-°FOverall Thermal Transmittance (Cold/Mixed) U≤0.85 W/m2K U≤0.15 Btu/hr-ft2-°FOverall Thermal Transmittance (Hot) U≤1.55 W/m2K U≤0.27 Btu/hr-ft2-°F

Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (Mixed/Cold)Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (Mixed/Cold) gg--value≥50%value≥50% SHGC≥50%SHGC≥50%Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (Hot)Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (Hot) gg--value ≤ 30%value ≤ 30% SHGC ≤ 30%SHGC ≤ 30%

5 Heat Recovery Ventilation:5 Heat Recovery Ventilation:Net EfficiencyNet Efficiency ηη≥80%≥80% ηη≥80%≥80%

Electric Consumption of motorElectric Consumption of motor ≤0.45 ≤0.45 WhWh/m/m3 3 ≤0.76 W/≤0.76 W/cfmcfm

•ERV/HRV with integrated air-to-water heat exchange coil and/or air-to-air Heat Pump for

Components of the Minimized Mechanical System:

© 2011 PHIUS

Pump for heating/cooling

•Insulated Hot Water Tank w/ solar thermal collectors for DHW

(Image: Passivhaus

Institut)

Heating, cooling and dehumidification:

© 2011 PHIUS

(Images:www.quietside.com/)

Mini-Split Air-to-Air Heat Pump

The Ultimate Air Recoup Aerator (Stirling Technologies):

•95% Efficiency

•Air flow: 70-210 cubic feet/minute (cfm)

•Motor: General Electric ECM brushless motors

•Electrical Rating: 120/240 volts, AC, 60/50 Hz, 5/2.8 Amps

•Average electrical consumption:

•210 cfm (360m3/h) — 200W

© 2011 PHIUS

•60cfm —34 W

•Dimensions: 25" H x 19" W x 25" D (63.5 cm x 48.25 cm x 63.5 cm)

•Unit Weight: 72 lbs.

•Shipping Weight: 80 lbs.

•Mounting: Operates in vertical or horizontal position.

•Connects to 6" galvanized or flex ducts.

Closed Ground Loop Heat Exchanger for Defrost

© 2011 PHIUS

Passive cooling/dehumidification for Hot/humid climates pre recovery

50

60

70

80

90

100

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

Heat Pump and Resistance Heat Electricity Use compared to Room Temperature

Uniformity (+/-2oF from T 'Stat) and Indoor and Outdoor Temperature (5)Fairview II House Urbana, IL

Nov 2009 - Jan 2011Percent of

Month

UniformResistance

Heat

ElectricityHeat Pump

Electricity

Temperature

at Thermostat

En

erg

y U

sag

e

(kW

h)

erc

en

tag

e o

f m

on

th a

ll r

oo

ms

wit

hin

+/-

2 °

F

of

tem

pe

ratu

re a

t th

erm

ost

at

© 2011 PHIUS

0

10

20

30

40

50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

No

v-0

9

Dec

-09

Jan-1

0

Feb

-10

Mar

-10

Ap

r-1

0

May

-10

Jun-1

0

Jul-

10

Aug-1

0

Sep

-10

Oct

-10

No

v-1

0

Dec

-10

Jan-1

1

Month

En

erg

y U

sag

e

(kW

h)

Te

mp

era

ture

(°F

)

AN

D

Pe

rce

nta

ge

of

mo

nth

all

ro

om

s w

ith

in +

/

of

tem

pe

ratu

re a

t th

erm

ost

at

Fairview II – Heat Pump Consumption and Conditioning Distribution, Aug 2010:

© 2011 PHIUS

(Image Source: IBACOS)

Indoor Air Quality Airtight House Versus Typical

© 2011 PHIUS

(Image Source: Mark Adams)

9 Balancing the Investment of Enclosure,

© 2011 PHIUS

Investment of Enclosure, Mechanicals, Renewables

© 2011 PHIUS

(Source: IEA Information Paper: Energy Efficiency requirements in Building Codes, Author Jens Laustsen)

Note: Costs are for central Europe (Germany)

© 2011 PHIUS

Cost Benefit of the Stanton House-

© 2011 PHIUS

Cost Benefit of the Stanton House with Renewables-

© 2011 PHIUS

10 Certified Passive House Projects – going beyond

© 2011 PHIUS

Projects – going beyond

Freeman Home in Maine: 2010 Laura Briggs and Jonathan Knowles

© 2011 PHIUS

Solar Decathlon 2nd Place 2009, DC & IL

© 2011 PHIUS

University of Illinois

GO Logic Home – 2010, Maine: Alan Gibson and Matthew Omalia

© 2011 PHIUS

2010 Konkol Home, Wisconsin – Tim Eian

© 2011 PHIUS

21 appartements with Pellet-Heating + Solar Thermal

Architect: Manfred Brausem, Cologne

Frankfurt approx. 300 Unit Development City View

Vienna EUROGATE Project: City Development 1700 Apartments/Schools, Project: Albert Wimmer ZT-GmbH

Photo courtesy of Guenter Lang, IG Passivhaus Austria

Heidelberg, Germany: Gymnasium

Montessori School, Germany

Frankfurt, Germany: Kindergarden

Frankfurt, Germany: High School

St. Poelten, Austria: Office Building

Photos courtesy of Guenter Lang, IG Passivhaus Austria

Greifenburg, Austria: Office Building, Architect: architekten ronacher

Photos courtesy of Guenter Lang, IG Passivhaus Austria

Austria: Office Building Drexel&Weiss

Wels, Austria: Convention Center, AT4 Architekten

Photo courtesy of Guenter Lang, IG Passivhaus Austria

Linz, Austria: Office tower

Mark your Calendar:

6th Annual North American Passive

House Conference:

© 2011 PHIUS

www.passivehouse.us

Passive House Institute US

House Conference:

October 28/292011

Washington, DC Metro Area, Silver Spring, MD

Certified Passive House Consultants ProgramNaCPHC

© 2011 PHIUS

Passive House Institute US | PHIUS

Katrin Klingenberg, Executive Director

www.passivehouse.us

www.PHAUS.org