Zero Energy Home Fort Campbellproceedings.ndia.org/jsem2007/3980_Veerkamp.pdfApplian ces 37% Cooling...

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Zero Energy Home

Fort Campbell

Derek VeerkampActus Lend Lease

Anne KaltenhauserConcurrent

Technologies Corp

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Military Housing Privatization

Business Partner to the military– Managing partner– 50 year lease– Develop, Build, Manage, and Maintain

Actus Lend Lease– 40,000 military homes– 8 operational project sites– Sustainability

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Goal

Sustainable ConceptEasy to UnderstandTangible BenefitStretch Goal

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Definition

Zero Energy HomeNet Zero Energy HomeNear Zero Energy Home

“Energy consumption equals energy production”

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Current ZEH Homes

High End Homes– Motivated Buyers– $500,000 - $800,000

Subsidized Homes– Less than 1500 SF– Habitat for Humanity– Cost reduction thru grants, donations, subsidies

Middle Income Home– Our focus

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Our Project

The “Woodlands”New Subdivision 521 new units51 Single Family Homes, 470 duplex Zero Energy Home budget: $500,000

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The NDCEE is operated by:

NDCEENational Defense Center for Environmental Excellence

DoD Executive AgentOffice of the

Assistant Secretary of the Army

(Installations andEnvironment)

Technology Transfer–Supporting DoD Readiness, Sustainability, and Transformation

NDCEE Sustainability Installations Initiatives Task

Near Zero Energy Housing at Ft. CampbellEnergy Modeling Results

The views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this briefing are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision unless so designated by other official documentation.

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Energy ModelingPurpose– Assess the expected energy use of various building

features and systems Task Application– Optimize ZEH design and size photovoltaics

Software– eQUEST (DOE-2)

Application Focus– Energy savings rather than detailed design– Comparative results for technologies

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ZEH Design Approach

Team members– Ft Campbell Housing– Actus Lend Lease– NDCEE– URS

Technical Approach– Project scoping– Identification of Best Available Technologies (BATs)– Data collection– Develop modeling approach/run initial simulations– Evaluate approach/software capabilities/simulation results– Refine models and determine ZEH technology portfolio

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eQUESTComprehensive energy simulation toolPublicly availableFunded by California utility customers Administered by California Public Utilities CommissionSimulation “engine” based on DOE-2 computer programsModeler inputs building, system (HVAC, WH) and weather informationPredicts hourly energy use and costBuilding creation wizardsGraphical reporting

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Baseline Ft. Campbell Single Family Home

2 Story2,100 ft2 living space325 ft2 garage2 x 4 metal frameR-13 batt in wallAsphalt shingle roofR-38 blown in celluloseUninsulated slab foundationDouble low-e windowsAir source electric heat pumpElectric water heater (20 gallons/person/day)Incandescent & fluorescent lighting West facing (worst case)

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Profiles

Lighting

Equipment Hot Water

Occupancy

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Baseline Electric Consumption (1,000 kWh)

0

1

2

3

4

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Area Lights Hot Water Pumps & Aux. HP Supp. Misc. Equip. Vent. Fans Space Heat Space Cool

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Comparison of Baseline Results to DOE RECS Data(by Census Division)

Cooling10%Water

Heating14%

Lighting6%

Heating33%

Appliances37%

Cooling16%

Water Heating

16%

Lighting5%

Heating24%Applian

ces39%

RECS DataMidwest, East North Central

RECS DataSouth, East

South Central

Ft CampbellBaseline Energy

Model

Cooling15%

Water Heating

19%

Lighting5%

Heating26%

Appliances35%

RECS: Residential Energy Consumption Survey

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Comparison of Baseline Results to Metering Data

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Baseline Model Results

Mean of Metered Data

Standard Deviation of Metered Data

Minimum/Maximum of Metered Data

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Evaluated Technologies OrientationWall Construction: various stud sizes, wood, steel, SIP, ICFInsulation: R13 batt, spray foam, ICF, SIPWindows: double-glazed, low e vinyl, e filmDoors: metal insulated, wood frame, removal of French doors, finsOverhangs: house, windowsRoofing: asphalt, rubber, concrete, metalAttic Space: R30 blown w/ radiant barrier, vapor retarder, attic fan, radiant barrier drape, R45 blownFoundation: slab w/ and w/o insulation, crawl w/ batt, spray andperimeter insulationHVAC: heat pump, improved SEER, GSHP, two zone GSHPHot Water: tank, GSHP assistLighting: incandescent, fluorescent, CF, daylightingAppliances: Energy Star, high efficiency

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Orientation, Annual Energy Consumption (1,000 kWh)

0.0% 2.2% 1.8% 0.2% 3.0% 2.7%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Baseline (West) East NorthSouth GSHP Baseline (West)GSHP East GSHP North GSHP South

BASELINE GSHP

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Lighting, Annual Energy Consumption (1,000 kWh)

1.6% 3.5% 2.0% 4.3%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Baseline Fluorescent CFL GSHP Baseline GSHP Fluorescent GSHP CFL

BASELINE GSHP

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Appliances, Annual Energy Consumption (1,000 kWh)

0.6%

1.3%

0.3%

0.7%

5.3% 0.

9%

9.0% 0.6%

1.4%

0.3%

0.6%

4.4% 1.0%

8.4%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Baseline Stove OvenRefrigerator Dishwasher Washing MachineClothes Dryer All AppliancesGSHP Baseline GSHP Stove GSHP OvenGSHP Refrigerator GSHP Dishwasher GSHP Washing MachineGSHP Clothes Dryer GSHP All Appliances

BASELINE GSHP

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Summary of Parametric Savings

9.0%

7.2%

0.2%

0.2%

0.4%

0.7%

2.2%

3.5%

4.1%

5.0%

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Appliances - High Efficiency

Walls - 6" ICF

GSHP (HVAC and DHW)

GSHP (HVAC)

Lighting - CFL

Orientation - North

Attic - R45 Dwelling and Garage

French Door - Metal insulated, wood frame

French Door - 2 Ft 60 Deg 2 Ft Fins

Roofing - Metal

Baseline

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Model Issues/Deficiencies

Software developed for commercial buildingsAccuracy associated with specific components and systems uncertainLittle detailed data available for verifying baseline modeling resultsEnergy requirements also dependents on behavior of the occupantsModeling all possible design options time consuming

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Potential Next StepsIntegrated design process for developing synergies between architecture and mechanical/electrical systemsNatural day-lighting optionsDual loop ground source heat pumpModel south facing windows with overhangs to take advantage of solar gain in winter, and shading summer sunEconomic feasibility analysisCode review to determine minimum requirements for building envelope and mechanical/electrical systems

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QuestionsNDCEE Sustainability Installations Initiatives Task

Near Zero Energy Housing at Ft. CampbellEnergy Modeling Results

Ms. Anne Kaltenhauser, CTC/NDCEE(502) 897-7815

kaltenha@ctc.com

Dr. Chris Rewerts, US Army CERL(217) 373-5825

chris.rewerts@us.army.mil

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StakeholdersNDCEE Executive Agent Mr. Tad Davis, DASA (ESOH)

NDCEE Program Director Mr. Hew Wolfe, ODASA (ESOH)

NDCEE Program Manager Dr. Charles Lechner, ODASA (ESOH)

Government Technical Monitor Dr. Chris Rewerts, US Army CERL

NDCEE Team Members Ms. Anne Kaltenhauser, CTCDr. Shannon Lloyd, CTCMr. Pete Spinelli, CTC

This work was funded through the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations and Environment) and conducted under contract W74V8H-04-D-0005, Task N.0440.