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FREE EVERY MONTH 1ST Edition October 2009
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WAG Advertise for 3 yearcontract with new Kids Ad-vocacy BoardThe Welsh Assembly Government(WAG) has recently advertised for anew position within the newly cre-ated National Independent Advo-cacy Board (NIAB). The job pays areasonable 249 per day plus travelallowances, and apparently high-lights the long-standing commit-ment to strengthen the voice ofchildren and young people in theprovision of public services. Really?This is difficult to accept, the job is
for the position of Chairperson, ar-
guably the most important for the
newly established board. So why,right at the top of the advert, do the
WAG state that the successful appli-
cant would only be required to at-
tend Around 7 days per an-
num (Daily Post 10/09/09 pg31)
How on earth can the national as-
sembly claim the board will pro-vide a unique, informed and fully
independent account of the quality
of advocacy services for children
and young people in Wales to a de-
gree that is unparalleled elsewhere
in the UK or Europe. That is a high
standard to achieve in a weeks
worth of meetings throughout theyear. This is going to have to be one
special successful candidate. Good
luck.
The top left hand corner of the ad-
vert has the familiar Investors in
People tag. It would be brilliant ifthe WAG decided to invest time into
childrens advocacy services, as well
as the money spent on the NIAB, the
money spent on advertising the
posts, and most importantly, the
children involved.
LETTER OF THE WEEKDaft to change pudding nameI must register my utter disgust at therenaming of Spotted Dick in FlintshireCounty Councils dining room.Why? Have the council officials nothing
better to do (with public money)? Whatnext, coq au vin, knickerbocker glory, meat
balls etc?
However, my real concern is that this ac-
tion was taken because of several imma-
ture comments from a few customers.
Why has a minority managed to cause an
action affecting the majority what hap-pened to democracy?
I am also alarmed that these immature
people are employed by the council. Per-
haps this might explain some of the odd
decisions made by the council.
Tony BlackwellFlintDaily Post 10th September 2009
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Gordon, 58, from Scot-
land believes the
troops are doing a
great job and should
be supported.
POLITICS
PAGE 3
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THE TICK OF THE TIME-BOMBThe Lehman Brothers BankruptcyThe context was the Historic American
Presidential election campaign. The con-
sequence was collapse of the British
banking system and the near capitula-tion of the Worlds financial economic
markets. The cause? A bank without risk.
The Lehman Brothers Investment Bankwas the fourth largest in American his-
tory, it was a constant source of growingprofits and seemingly unbreakablegrowth records and risk-free invest-
ments. In
corporate
b a n k i n g
speak they
had re-duced all
risk in mortgage markets by
spreading any debt they purchased.
They sold it, in lots of different pieces, all
around the global financial markets.
They were huge fans of the NINJA mort-
gages (No Income No Job or Assets) withlow interest rates, that apparently gave
huge numbers of families a chance to
own there own property. What they did-
nt plan for was the subsequent rise in
interest rates, and vast numbers of re-
possessions. Billions and billions of dol-
lars worth of debt then became toxic.Why should this affect Lehman if they
had spread the debt and eliminated risk?
Not only were they using the compli-cated securities market to rob people of
cash, they were also taking advantage of
some generous (lying) valuations of thebanks own assets. They were cheating
the books.
This accounting scam was only discov-
ered when two of the Worlds biggestbanks stepped in to consider takeover
During the last weeks of
trading, Lehman Broth-
ers were losing 8 mil-
lion a minute.
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bids. Bank of America and Barclays
Bank were both very interested in
acquiring the profitable ele-ments of Lehman Brothers. They
were both quickly put off the take-over when they got access to theaccounts.
This bank was a cheat. The chief ex-
ecutive was paid a 30 million salary.The bank dished out over 5 billion to
company employees in pay and bo-
nuses. The individuals involved inlooking over the accounts described
what they found as horrifying.
The insatiable appetite for huge
profits, the kill or be killed philoso-
phy, the ridiculous belief that risk
had been removed from the financial
markets and that the system was cured
all led to a banking collapse that has hadfar reaching consequences.
The job losses at Lehman Brothers.
The job losses throughout the Financial
Markets, all over the World.
The collapse of RBS, Lloyds and NorthernRock, all now part-owned by the British
Taxpayer, at a cost which sees Britain bur-
dened with a huge budget deficit.
The cuts to British public services
(Hospitals and Schools) because of re-
duced budgets for councils and devolvedpowers.
The Lehman Brothers collapse was the
tick of an economic recession. This bank
was the tick of the financial bomb that
exploded all over the world in the weekafter its bankruptcy. This broken bank is
merely a tick in a clock that will come full
circle, will make gross profits, pay grossamounts and announce the end of risk
before collapsing in a heap for the aver-
age worker to suffer the consequence.
Thanks. What a bankersorry it was
another word I was after.
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Some examples of the ridiculousrhetoric and images used by a vari-ety of sources during the health-care reform debate currently grip-ping the American news agendaand causing huge concern withinthe Obama camp.A lot of this is made-up nonsense. A
smaller percentage is genuine con-
cern for greater government inter-
ference, however, the most worry-
ing examples are those created and
peddled by the huge health insur-
ance firms lobbying the media andpopulation with pure unadulter-
ated propaganda. A new and im-
proved form of advertising, or to be
more accurate, fake protest that
intends to show people power and
passion, through the belief in insur-
ance premiums.
I can understand a citizens concern
at change when it relates to health,
its natural. But I refuse to accept
that a vast number of Americans
have a fundamental and some-
times religious belief in paying
health insurance premiums. They
belief in quality healthcare. This
can be provided by the state, andthere are plenty of examples to
prove it.
The profit motive should never
have anything to do with health-
care. Medical research maybe and
who supplies the TVs in the pa-
tients room of course, but when itcomes to genuine care, and every-
body will encounter it at some
point in life, it should involve NO
financial transactions or concerns.
No mention of money or whether
its affordable. It should just hap-
pen, it should feel free, and should
only be about improving the pa-
tients health.
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The jobcentre is not a place filledwith happiness and optimism. Thejobcentre-members, the unem-ployed, are not filled with happi-ness and optimism. Why wouldthey be? They are unemployed.They are probably going througha dark time in life. Life has beenbetter. Debt problems mountingup. Bank balance going down. Joblosses rising at speed. Benefitsare claimed in record numbers.Job seekers allowance, employ-ment and support allowance, in-capacity benefit, income support,housing benefit, council-tax al-lowance and even free prescrip-tions. What is the world comingto!I thoroughly enjoyed my time at the job-centre. It was fascinating. The decor isneutral. The job seeking machines arehigh-tec. I walked down the newly car-
peted three stairs. There is no waitingarea, perhaps by design; you do not wantjob seekers waiting when they could beseeking. You do not want to pay thou-sands for hi-tech machines if the seekersare waiting and not seeking. However,the seekers have cheated the system andare sat down on window sills, leaningagainst walls, chatting on the mobiles, or
just stood up, waiting for personal em-ployment advisers.
The initial introduction caught me bysurprise the first time. There is a woodenpulpit in the middle of the room. Behindit stood two men. One man was well oversix foot, both ways. The other could have
stood directly behind the pulpit and beencompletely invisible. The twins. I hadnamed them in my head before I had thepleasure of hearing the security speech.
You got an appointment? blasted thesecurity guard (I have no idea what thesecurity guards are protecting, the jobs?Maybe?)
No...I.... I spluttered, taken aback by thefact everyone in the building also heardmy introduction.
Well, What you here for?
I was told to come by the benefit peopleon the phone. A simple explanation,easily understandable, I thought.
Have you got any identification?
Excuse me? I was unaware I had tried tobuy alcohol or indeed claim any moneyor, not yet, applied for any job.
Just need to see some ID.
Fine. I prove that I am not trying toapply for jobs under a false name.Heaven forbid.
Fine. (He gestured towards the everdecreasing gaps in the mythologicalwaiting room.)
Fine. I waited.
And waited...
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after standing about with thehigh-tech machine-dodgers for agood three minutes, I decided totake the plunge.I avoided the waiting crowd and took myplace behind one of the many available job-seeking machines.
I press the button marked This weeks jobs. Iwas delighted to find 1,397 vacant positions.
Wow. This is going to be easy. I then noticeseven cleaning vacancies, one as an energysalesmen with required driving licence (I dontdrive), and the other working in recruitment.Ah the irony. The rest of the jobs are over onehundred miles away. I can sympathise slightlywith the view held by Tory Norman Tebbitwhen he claimed you just have to get on yerbike and find a job, but this would be takingit to the extreme. The high-tech machine fillsyou with confidence, and then in a split sec-ond outlines the dire reality you find yourself
in. Thousands of jobs, just not where you live!I am awoken from my barrel of self-pity by theraised voices coming from the pulpit. Thesecurity guard is now stood across from ayoung lad, late teens early twenties maybe,socks tucked into tracksuit bottoms, and a hatthat would surely fall from his head were thesecurity guard to breathe any harder.
Your appointment was 2 hours ago. It hasbeen explained to you before that if you dont
make the appointment you do not receiveyour benefit.
But I need my cash man shouts the youngwhipper-snapper.
You have to admire his determination toretrieve what he believes his rightly his. Hismoney. His cash. His wages for being unem-ployed. He seems to have forgotten that
when you are unemployed, the governmentonly gives you the benefits if you agree to job
seek. Hence the name. You must turn up forthe fortnightly interviews. To explain how youare looking for a job.
You have to arrange another appointment
today, turn up, on time, with proof of whatjobs you have searched for, and only then canwe clear your payment.
As if man, all that work . . . OK.
The young man agrees, seemingly lost for anargument to the security guards efficient andauthoritative response.
At least now I can appreciate why The Centrefor Job Seekers has security guards. Thingscan get pretty emotional in this place. You canimagine that the security guards are fluent inJobcentre speak. They must have said it athousand times. Maybe that is why they alllost all enthusiasm for customer service. Be-cause surely thats what we are? Job-seeker =Customer. Or are we? It seems to me that thesecurity is in place to protect the staff workingAT the jobcentre. Presumably because all
jobseekers are raging maniacs, fuelled with adrive and desire to beat the rest of the unem-ployed to the scraps of available jobs. Thatsthe rat race. Unemployment is popular thesedays.
Because being jobless is the IN thing, whatwith the credit crunch and the economicdownturn. This has got to be an advantage. Itmeans more characters in the club. Singlemums. Students. Men in suits. Men in scruffs.
Hockey mums. Rugby dads. Then I hear myname. I walk over to the awaiting staff mem-ber. I mentally prepare for the upcominginterview.
Could you just wait on that chair, and youradvisor will call you into her office in a min-ute. Thank You.
I nod. Shaking my inner head in disbelief at
the fact that I have to wait. And wait....
JOBCENTRE DISTRACTIONS
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Politics in Wales forms a dis-tinctive polity in the widerpolitics of the United King-dom, with Wales as one of thefour constituent countries ofthe United Kingdom.Constitutionally, the United Kingdom
is de jurea unitary state with one sov-ereign parliament and government.
However, under a system ofdevolu-
tion (or home rule) adopted in the
late 1990s three of the four constitu-
ent countries within the United King-
dom, Wales, Scotland and Northern
Ireland, voted for limited self-government, subject to the ability of
the UK Parliament in Westminster,nominally at will, to amend, change,
broaden or abolish the national gov-
ernmental systems. As such the Na-tional Assembly of Wales (Cynulliad
Cenedlaethol Cymru) is not de jure
sovereign.
During the latter part of the 19th cen-
tury and early part of the 20th cen-tury the notion of a distinctive Welshpolity gained credence. In 1881 theWelsh Sunday Closing Act waspassed, the first such legislation ex-clusively concerned with Wales. De-
spite the failure of popular politicalmovements such as Cymru Fydd, anumber of institutions, such as theNational Eisteddfod (1861), the Uni-versity of Wales (Prifysgol Cymru)(1893), the National Library of Wales(Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru) (1911)and the Welsh Guards (GwarchodluCymreig) (1915) were created. Thecampaign for disestablishment of theAnglican Church in Wales, achievedby the passage of the Welsh ChurchAct 1914, was also significant in thedevelopment of Welsh political con-sciousness.
Without a popular base, the issue ofhome rule did not feature as an issuein subsequent General Elections andwas quickly eclipsed by the depres-sion. By August 1925 unemploymentin Wales rose to 28.5%, in contrast tothe economic boom in the early1920s, rendering constitutional de-bate an exotic subject.[1]In the sameyear Plaid Cymru was formed withthe goal of securing a Welsh-speaking Wales.[2]
Following the Second World War theConservative Government ofWinstonChurchill established the Council ofWales, an unelected assembly of 27with the brief of advising the UK gov-ernment on matters of Welsh interest[3].
The Labour Party had also partly re-appraised its view to devolution, es-tablishing in 1947 the Welsh Regional
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Council of Labour from the constituentparts of the party in Wales and as partof a move to plan the economy on an all-Wales basis. However, resistance fromother elements of the party meant thatthe machinery of government was not
similarly reformed until much later.
These reforms, in the guise of a WelshOffice and Secretary of State for Waleswere catalysed partly as a result of thecontroversy surrounding the flooding ofCapel Celyn in 1956. Despite almostunanimous Welsh political oppositionthe scheme had been approved, a fact
that seemed to underline Plaid Cymru'sargument that the Welsh national com-munity was powerless[4].
Further incremental changes had al-ready taken place, however, includingthe establishment of a Minister ofWelsh Affairs, together with a Digest ofWelsh Statistics in 1954, and the desig-
nation ofCardiff(Caerdydd) as Walesscapital city in 1955. Welsh nationalismalso experienced a modest increase insupport, with Plaid Cymrus share of thevote increasing from 0.3% in 1951 to5.2% by 1959 throughout Wales.
In 1964 the incoming Labour Govern-ment ofHarold Wilson created theWelsh office, with its powers aug-mented to include health, agricultureand education in 1968, 1969 and 1970respectively. The creation of administra-tion devolution effectively defined theterritorial governance of modern Wales.[5]
Labour's incremental embrace of a dis-tinctive Welsh polity was arguably cata-lysed in 1966 when Plaid Cymru presi-dent Gwynfor Evans won the Car-marthen by-election (although in fact
Labour had endorsed plans for anelected council for Wales weeks beforethe by-election). However, by 1967 La-bour retreated from endorsing homerule mainly because of the open hostil-ity expressed by other Welsh Labour
MPs to anything "which could be inter-preted as a concession to nationalism"and because of opposition by the Secre-tary of State for Scotland, who was re-sponding to a growth ofScottish na-tionalism.[6]
In response to the emergence of PlaidCymru and the Scottish National Party
(SNP) the Government set up in 1969the Royal Commission on the Constitu-tion (the Kilbrandon Commission) byHarold Wilson's Labour Government toinvestigate the UKs constitutional ar-rangements.[7]Its eventual recommen-dations formed the basis of the 1974White Paper Democracy and Devolution:proposals for Scotland and Wales.[7],which proposed the creation of a WelshAssembly. However, voters rejected theproposals by a majority of four to one ina referendum held in 1979.[7][8]
The election of a Labour Government in
1997 brought devolution back to the
political agenda and in September 1997
an elected Assembly with competence
over the Welsh Offices powers was nar-rowly approved in a referendum. TheNational Assembly for Wales (Cynulliad
Cenedlaethol Cymru) was created in
1999, with further authority devolved in2007, with the creation of a Welsh legal
system to adjudicate on specific cases
of Welsh law.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwynfor_Evanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capel_Celynhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Welsh_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Welsh_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digest_of_Welsh_Statistics&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digest_of_Welsh_Statistics&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Wilsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwynfor_Evanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmarthen_by-election,_1966http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmarthen_by-election,_1966http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_nationalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_nationalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_National_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Constitution_%28United_Kingdom%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Constitution_%28United_Kingdom%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-devolution-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-devolution-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Paperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-devolution-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-devolution-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales_referendum,_1979http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-devolution-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_devolution_referendum,_1997http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_for_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_for_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_devolution_referendum,_1997http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-devolution-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales_referendum,_1979http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-devolution-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Paperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-devolution-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Constitution_%28United_Kingdom%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Constitution_%28United_Kingdom%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_National_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_nationalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_nationalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmarthen_by-election,_1966http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmarthen_by-election,_1966http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwynfor_Evanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Wilsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digest_of_Welsh_Statistics&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Digest_of_Welsh_Statistics&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Welsh_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minister_of_Welsh_Affairs&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Wales#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capel_Celynhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Officehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Office8/14/2019 Your Politics Ed 1
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The population of Wales in the UnitedKingdom Census 2001 was 2,903,085,which has risen to 2,958,876 accord-ing to 2005 estimates. This would
make Wales the 136th largest countryby population if it were a sovereignstate.
According to the 2001 census, 96% ofthe population was White British, and2.1% non-white (mainly ofAsian ori-gin).[60]Most non-white groups wereconcentrated in the southern port
cities ofCardiff,Newport and Swan-sea. Welsh Asian communities devel-oped mainly through immigrationsince World War II. More recently,parts of Wales have seen an increasednumber of immigrants settle fromrecent EU accession countries such asPoland - although some Poles alsosettled in Wales in the immediateaftermath of World War II.
In the 2001 Labour Force Survey, 72%of adults in Wales considered theirnational identity as wholly Welsh andanother 7% considered themselves tobe partly Welsh (Welsh and Britishwere the most common combina-tion). A recent study estimated that35% of the Welsh population have
surnames of Welsh origin (5.4% ofthe English population and 1.6% ofthe Scottish also bore 'Welsh' names).
[61]However, some names identifiedas English (such as 'Greenaway') maybe corruptions of Welsh ('Goronwy').Other names common in Wales, suchas 'Richards', may have originatedsimultaneously in other parts of Brit-
ain.
In 2002, the BBC used the headline"English and Welsh are races apart" toreport a genetic survey of test sub-
jects from market towns in Englandand Wales.[62]However, other recentresearchers, such as Bryan Sykes andStephen Oppenheimer, have argued
that the majority of modern-day Eng-lish and Welsh people trace a com-mon ancestry to migrants who ar-rived in the British Isles during theMesolithic and the Neolithic periods.
In 2001 a quarter of the Welsh popu-lation were born outside Wales,mainly in England; about 3% were
born outside the UK. The proportionof people who were born in Walesdiffers across the country, with thehighest percentages in the SouthWales Valleys, and the lowest in MidWales and parts of the north-east. Inboth Blaenau Gwent and MerthyrTydfil 92% were Welsh-born, com-pared to only 51% in Flintshire and56% in Powys.[63]One of the reasons
for this is that the locations of themost convenient hospitals in whichto give birth are over the border inEngland[citation needed].
Around 1.75 million Americans reportthemselves to have Welsh ancestry,[64]as did 467,000 Canadians in Can-
ada's 2006 census
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%28people%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Asianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swanseahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swanseahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Force_Surveyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Sykeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Oppenheimerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_British_Isleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_British_Isleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Wales_Valleyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Wales_Valleyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaenau_Gwenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flintshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Americanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-63http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Americanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-62http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flintshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaenau_Gwenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_Waleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Wales_Valleyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Wales_Valleyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesolithichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_British_Isleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_British_Isleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Oppenheimerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan_Sykeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-61http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Force_Surveyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_European_Unionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swanseahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swanseahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales#cite_note-59http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Asianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%28people%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population8/14/2019 Your Politics Ed 1
15/20
Nationalist revival
In the 20th century, Wales saw arevival in its national status. PlaidCymru was formed in 1925, seeking
greater autonomy or independencefrom the rest of the UK.
In 1955, the term England and Wales be-came common for describing the area towhich English law applied, and Cardiffwasproclaimed as capital city of Wales. Cym-deithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (English:TheWelsh Language Society) was formed in1962, in response to fears that the lan-
guage may soon die out. Nationalismgrew, particularly following the flooding ofthe Tryweryn valley in 1965 to create areservoir supplying water to the Englishcity ofLiverpool. Despite 35 of the 36Welsh Members of Parliament (MPs) vot-ing against the bill, with the other abstain-ing, Parliament still passed the bill and thevillage ofCapel Celyn was drowned, high-lighting Wales's powerlessness in her own
affairs in the face of the numerical superi-ority of English MPs in the London Parlia-ment.[40]In 1966 the Carmarthen Parlia-mentary seat was won by Gwynfor Evansat a by-election, Plaid Cymru's first Parlia-mentary seat.[41]
Both the Free Wales Army and MudiadAmddiffyn Cymru (MAC) (English:WelshDefence Movement) were formed as a di-
rect result of the Tryweryn destruction,[42]
conducting campaigns from 1963. In theyears leading up to the investiture ofPrince Charles as Prince of Wales in 1969,these groups were responsible for a num-ber of bomb blastsdestroying waterpipes, tax and other offices, and part of adam being built for a new English backedproject in Clywedog,Montgomeryshire.[42]In 1967, the Wales and Berwick Act 1746was repealed for Wales, and a legal defini-tion of Wales, and of the boundary withEngland was stated.
A referendum on the creation of an assem-
bly for Wales in 1979 (see Wales referen-
dum, 1979) led to a large majority for the
"no" vote. However, in 1997 a referendum
on the same issue secured a "yes", al-
though by a very narrow majority. The
National Assembly for Wales (CynulliadCenedlaethol Cymru) was set up in 1999 (as
a consequence of the Government of
Wales Act 1998) and possesses the power
to determine how the central government
budget for Wales is spent and adminis-
tered (although the UK parliament re-
serves the right to set limits on the powers
of the Welsh Assembly). The 1998 Act was
amended by the Government of Wales Act2006 which enhanced the Assembly's
powers, giving it legislative powers akin to
the Scottish Parliament and Northern Ire-
land Assembly. Following the 2007 Assem-
bly election, the One Wales Government
was formed under a coalition agreement
between Plaid Cymru and the Welsh La-
bour Party, under that agreement, a con-
vention is due to be established to discussfurther enhancing Wales's legislative and
financial autonomy. A referendum on giv-
ing the Welsh assembly full law-making
powers is promised "as soon as practica-
ble, at or before the end of the assembly
term (in 2011)" and both parties have
agreed "in good faith to campaign for a
successful out-
come to such areferendum".[44]
Sculpture ofOwain
Glyndr(c. 1354 or
1359 c. 1416), the
last native Welsh
person to hold the
title Prince of
Wales
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Gwynedd Council sayssorry after investing4 million of publicfunds in Icelandic Bank.The bank was subsequentlyplaced in administration onlya month after the initial de-posit, and in the councils veryown financial audit released inApril 2009, liquidators haveadvised a return of 80p inevery pound, to be recoveredover the next five years. Thisrepresents a loss of over 1.2million according to the coun-cils own accounts.The council has defended its own
investment record claiming to have
profited from previous years to the
tune of 8 million for Gwynedd
Council and its rate-payers.
This figure is unlikely to satisfy an-gry residents who will point to the
advice given by credit rating
agency Fitch that all Iceland banks
had a "negative" investment rating
in April. The council disputes this
saying the advice was only updated
at the end of September, after the
deposit had been made.
A spokesman said: "Gwynedd Coun-
cil made a deposit with the Heritable
Bank on September 8, at which point
the bank was still rated A (long term)
and F1 (short term). Although the
ratings outlook had been flagged asnegative prior to the investment
date, the ratings did not change until
the end of September.
However, since the collapse of the
previously British-owned bank,
Gwynedd Council has revised its
treasury management strategy,and promised to be less reliant on
credit rating agency ratings in the
future.
Oh, how kind. Surely this is the op-
posite of what they should do? Had
they listened, or indeed looked atthe updated ratings, they would
have never invested 4 million of
public funds into a negative rated
institution. The new policy should
advise a more through understand-
ing of any future investments, with
greater public consultation on such
large sums being risked in such away.
8/14/2019 Your Politics Ed 1
17/20
WHICH WAY TOTHE CARAVAN
NOW? I TOLD YOU
TOKEEP AN EYE
ON THE MAP! ITS
NOT MY FAULT!
8/14/2019 Your Politics Ed 1
18/20
Granny told me not tomarry a Catholic, TonyBlair tells paperArticle from The Guard-ian Monday 14th Sep-tember 2009.BLAIR QUOTES:Starting with his childhood, he recalledhow "in one of her rare moments oflucidity, during an illness, my great-grandmother who was in many
ways fantastic told me, 'Do what-ever you want but don't marry aCatholic.' Which is exactly what I did."
"If you are Catholic you can go any-where in the world and take part inmass in any country."The last people to understand this, hecomplained, are British journalists,
who are still unprepared for religious,let alone Catholic, politicians.
"It's a shame but that is how it is.However, I can say that for normalpeople, as opposed to those whospeak on TV or write in newspapers, itwas never a problem."
Faith, he added, would help himtackle "the Christian responsibility" offighting climate change, creating dia-logue with China ("They are talking alot about Confucianism, Taoism andBuddhism"), understanding whatmakes a family strong, and even howto fight poverty.
Really glad that Tony Blair has nowaligned his religion with particular so-cial problems. I was unaware that cli-
mate change or creating a dialoguewith China were specific Christian Prob-lems. However the most amusing andsurprising element of these quotes camein the first paragraph and was pickedup by one of many users of The Guard-ian website. Ill let you decide.
8/14/2019 Your Politics Ed 1
19/20
Tony Blair has revealed that afterignoring a stern warning from hisgreat-grandmother about marrying aCatholic, he now finds his new-foundfaith has become the driving force inhis life as he seeks to clear up theworld's religious conflicts.thetowncrier15 Sep 09, 9:50am
Sitting here at 09:46 in the morningon a Tuesday, mildly hungover, Icame across the first sentence of thisarticle and laughed out aloud. Ilaughed so loudly, in fact, that mygirlfriend, who's sitting next to me
reading Spanish news on her laptop,jumped out of her seat, and asked mewhat the hell was wrong. To which Ireplied: 'read this hon, and you'll see':Tony Blair has revealed that after ig-noring a stern warning from his great-grandmother about marrying a Catho-lic, he now finds his new-found faithhas become the driving force in his life
as he seeks to clear up the world's reli-gious conflicts.
How on earth anyone can stomachthis is beyond me. This man, this ape,helped invade Iraq. He is the solecause, in this country at least, of thegreatest religious conflict of our age -
the West versus Islam, or the Middle
East - and deserves nothing short ofprison for what he's done. The factthat he is now seemingly hiding be-
hind his 'religion' to justify what he'sdone says it all - either he's feelingguilty, or he thinks we're gullibleenough to believe that what he didwas somehow based on Christianfaith. I'm. Not. Buying. It.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/tonyblairhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/tonyblair8/14/2019 Your Politics Ed 1
20/20
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