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Your Body’s Need for Food
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids
What are organic compounds?
most matter in your body is made of organic compounds
organic compounds contain carbon carbon atoms covalently bond to
other elements like hydrogen and oxygen
What are the four organic compounds found in the human body?
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates (sugars or starches)
What are carbohydrates made of?1.) carbon2.) hydrogen3.) oxygen
carbohydrates (carbs) are a key source of energy
carbs are found in fruits, vegetables and grains
Carbohydrate Structure monosaccharide's –
contain 1 sugar molecule and cannot be broken down
disaccharides – sugar made up of two monosaccharide's
polysaccharides – made up of many monosaccharide's linked together by glycosidic linkages
Examples of Carbohydrates Fruits, vegetables
and grains
Lipids (fats)
What are lipids made of?1.) carbon2.) hydrogen3.) oxygen
lipids are fats that store energy in cells, fats are found around tissues as padding and insulation
Lipids (Fats) Continued
lipids are found in fats, steroids and waxes
2 types of lipids1.) saturated fat: solid at room temperature2.) unsaturated fat: liquid at
room temperature
Lipid Structure saturated fats –
solid at room temperature, contains only single bonds
Lipid Structure Continued unsaturated fats – liquid at room
temperature contains double bonds
Examples of saturated and unsaturated fats
saturated fats
unsaturated fats
Examples of Lipids
Fats, steroids and waxes
Proteins
What are proteins made of?1.) amino acids that are linked
together by peptide bonds form proteins
proteins do most work in cells and are required for the structure and function of the body's tissue and organs
Protein Structure
Proteins Continued
humans can only make 10 of the 20 amino acids
the other 10 amino acids (essential amino acids) must come from what we eat on a daily basis
unlike fat and sugars we can not store amino acids
Where can we find proteins? We can find proteins in:
1.) hair
2.) finger nails
3.) horns
4.) hoofs
Examples of Proteins
What foods are rich in protein?
Nucleic Acids found in all of your cells nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides carry genetic information in cells 2 types of nucleic acids
1.) DNA2.) RNA
we will discuss nucleic acids later
Nucleic Acid Structure DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) – carries genetic information
RNA (ribonucleic acid) – makes proteins
What did you learn?
What are the 4 types of organic compounds?1.) carbohydrates (sugars)2.) lipids (fats)3.) proteins 4.) nucleic acids
What are carbohydrates?
main source of energy in body
found in fruits, vegetables and grains
apples, corn, soda pop, potatoes, bread and broccoli
What are lipids (fats)?
store energy in the body used as insulation around organs and
tissues 2 types saturated and unsaturated found in fats, steroids and waxes examples, cooking oil, butter, ice
cream and chips
What are proteins?
are made from peptide bonds formed from amino acids
there are 20 amino acids we make 10 naturally must consume the other 10 by eating
poultry, fish, milk beef and nuts
Nucleic Acids
All cells have nucleic acids 2 types are DNA and RNA
The End
You Are What You Eat
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