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Your Body’s Defense
THE BODY’S CAPABILITY OF REMOVING OR KILLING FOREIGN SUBSTANCES, PATHOGENS AND CANCER CELLS
Immunity
Immunity
Active Immunity-body creates antibodies Through sickness of
immunization Immunization/ vaccine –
injected with small amount of pathogen
Passive Immunity-passed from mother to child through birth or breast milk
Innate Immunity is fully functional without previous exposure to substances.
Adaptive Immunity is enhanced by being exposed to certain antigens.
Physical Defenses First line of defense Skin Hair Mucous Cilia Saliva Tears Sweat Digestive tract
Skin
Protects from micro-organisms entering the body
Open cuts/ sores provide entrance Cells die and are shed
Sweat
Our body has many sweat glands Sweat is released to control body temp Sweat contains acids that kill pathogens
Mucous Membranes
Moist linings around all entrances to body
Covered with mucous Mucous = sticky
substance Mucous traps
pathogens Mucous is released
from body
Saliva & Tears
Contain enzymes that fight pathogens
Tears wash away foreign substances
Cilia
Tiny hair-like structures Trap pathogens Help remove mucous from body
Digestive Tract
Moves pathogens out of body
Acids/ chemicals in digestive tract
Mouth/Esophagus/ Stomach/ intestines
Chemicals kill pathogens
Second Line of Defense
Occurs after pathogen enters the body Inflammation
Inflammation 1st stage of healing Increased blood flow to area Increased size/ temperature/ redness Caused by dilation of blood vessels
Phagocytes
Blood brings phagocytes & chemicals
Phagocytes = white blood cells Digest pathogens,
dead cells, waste Chemicals
Kill pathogens & start tissue healing
Immune System (Adaptive Immunity) Last line of defense
Lymphatic system, lymph nodes, lymph, lymphocytes
Lymph nodes store and filter lymph
Lymph - fluid containing lymphocytes
Lymphocytes - white blood cells
Lymphocytes
B-cells & T-cells T-cells
Produce interferon- warns cells about pathogen
Kill some pathogens directly B-cells create antibodies
Antibodies bind to pathogens/ toxins until phagocytes find them
Treatment
Antibiotics – kill living organisms Treat bacterial infections only
Fungus are treated with cream or topical treatment
Treatment of Virus
Anti-viral can stop a virus from reproducing Most viruses are fought by our immune
system with… Rest Proper diet Water
Prevention
Eat well-balanced meals. Get enough rest. (8 hours) Get exercise. (30 minutes at least 3-4 x
week) Wash hands/ shower. Keep hands out of eyes and mouth. Have regular physicals/ dental visits.
Prevention
Get vaccinated Don’t share utensils,
glasses, cups etc. Avoid sick people. Avoid stress. Use stress
management techniques. Find time to relax.
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