View
218
Download
2
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Your Aerobic Your Aerobic Treatment System is Treatment System is
part of the Familypart of the Family
Texas AgriLife Extension ServiceTexas AgriLife Extension Service
OverviewOverview
Wastewater flows to the treatment system.Wastewater flows to the treatment system. All system have two loading rates.All system have two loading rates. How much water do you use (hydraulic How much water do you use (hydraulic
loading)?loading)? How much waste do you generate How much waste do you generate
(organic loading)?(organic loading)? How activities in the home impact the How activities in the home impact the
treatment system.treatment system.
MicrobesMicrobes Microbes Microbes
Provide treatmentProvide treatment Must keep them healthyMust keep them healthy
• WaterWater• Food Food • pHpH• Dissolved Oxygen - DODissolved Oxygen - DO• TemperatureTemperature
Types of MicrobesTypes of Microbes Anaerobic – no DOAnaerobic – no DO Aerobic – need DOAerobic – need DO Facultative – either wayFacultative – either way
Healthy microbes result in Healthy microbes result in happy customershappy customers
What’s in Wastewater?What’s in Wastewater? 99.9 % water 99.9 % water 0.1 % pollutants or constituents of concern0.1 % pollutants or constituents of concern
Organics/InorganicsOrganics/Inorganics SolidsSolids PathogensPathogens Nutrients Nutrients Fats, oils, greaseFats, oils, grease MetalsMetals Persistent organic chemicalsPersistent organic chemicals
Hydraulic and Organic LoadingHydraulic and Organic LoadingWastewater
Hydraulic LoadingHydraulic Loading
Flow quantityFlow quantity VolumeVolume
Flow periodFlow period DailyDaily WeeklyWeekly MonthlyMonthly SeasonalSeasonal
Special eventsSpecial events
Residential Wastewater UsageResidential Wastewater UsageTexas 30 TAC Chapter 285Texas 30 TAC Chapter 285
Type of Facility
Usage Rate, Gallons/Day
(without water saving
devices)
Usage Rate, Gallons/Day (with water
saving devices)
Single family dwelling (one or two bedrooms) - less than 1,500 square feet.
225
180
Single family dwelling (three bedrooms) - less than 2,500 square feet. 300 240
Single family dwelling (four bedrooms) - less than 3,500 square feet. 375 300
Single family dwelling (five bedrooms) - less than 4,500 square feet. 450 360
Single family dwelling (six bedrooms) - less than 5,500 square feet. 525 420
Greater than 5,500 square feet, each additional 1,500 square feet or increment thereof.
75 60
Estimating Hydraulic LoadingEstimating Hydraulic Loading
Number of bedroomsNumber of bedrooms Square footage of a Square footage of a
facilityfacility Water conserving Water conserving
devicesdevices Special fixturesSpecial fixtures
Multi-head showersMulti-head showers Garden tubsGarden tubs
Distribution of mean household daily per capita indoor water use for 1,188 data-logged homes (EPA 2002: Onsite Wastewater Treatment System Manual)
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
Mor
e
Mean Indoor Gallons Per Capita Per Day
Rel
ativ
e F
req
uen
cy
Organic LoadingOrganic Loading
BOD – Biochemical Oxygen DemandBOD – Biochemical Oxygen Demand TSS – Total Suspended SolidsTSS – Total Suspended Solids FOG – Fats, Oil and GreaseFOG – Fats, Oil and Grease Oxygen DemandOxygen Demand Oxygen StatesOxygen States
Organic MaterialOrganic Material Waste from plant or animal sourcesWaste from plant or animal sources
Can be dissolved, a solid Can be dissolved, a solid or a liquidor a liquid
Broken down and Broken down and consumed by microbes consumed by microbes (aerobes and anaerobes) (aerobes and anaerobes)
As it decays, dissolved As it decays, dissolved oxygen is depletedoxygen is depleted
Biochemical Oxygen DemandBiochemical Oxygen Demand
Biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD is Biochemical oxygen demand, or BOD is the amount of oxygen used during the the amount of oxygen used during the breakdown of organic materialbreakdown of organic material Take sample to commercial laboratoryTake sample to commercial laboratory Measured as a five-day laboratory testMeasured as a five-day laboratory test
BOD is considered an indirect measure of BOD is considered an indirect measure of the organic content of a samplethe organic content of a sample
Biochemical Oxygen DemandBiochemical Oxygen Demand
Amount of oxygen consumed by microbes Amount of oxygen consumed by microbes during decomposition of organic matterduring decomposition of organic matter
Indicates overall organic strength of Indicates overall organic strength of wastewater wastewater
High BODHigh BOD55 means high levels of organics means high levels of organics Expressed in mg/L (ppm)Expressed in mg/L (ppm) Domestic wastewater ranges from Domestic wastewater ranges from
100 to 300 mg/L BOD100 to 300 mg/L BOD55
Oxygen DemandOxygen Demand The oxygen demand is the The oxygen demand is the
amount of oxygen required amount of oxygen required to aerobically oxidize a to aerobically oxidize a materialmaterial Aerator delivers the oxygen to Aerator delivers the oxygen to
meet demandmeet demand
Organic materialOrganic material NitrogenNitrogen Other compoundsOther compounds Water (low DO)Water (low DO)
Oxygen StatesOxygen States Dissolved oxygenDissolved oxygen
Free OFree O22
Oxygen that has been Oxygen that has been incorporated into waterincorporated into water
Many aquatic animals Many aquatic animals require it for their require it for their survivalsurvival
Bound oxygenBound oxygen Attached to other Attached to other
compounds, NOcompounds, NO33
Anaerobic microbes Anaerobic microbes break oxygen bondsbreak oxygen bonds
Wastewater Loading RatesWastewater Loading Rates
lbs BOD5/cap/day
Class
Persons Per Unit
gal/cap/day
Average
with Garbage
Grinder
BOD5 (mg/L)
Subdivisions, Higher Cost 3.5 100 0.17 0.25 205
Subdivisions, Average 3.5 90 0.17 0.23 220
Subdivisions, Low Cost 3.5 70 0.17 0.20 290
Motels, Hotels, Trlr. Pks. 2.5 50 0.17 0.20 400
Apartment Houses 2.5 75 0.17 0.25 225
Resorts, Camps, Cottages 2.5 50 0.17 0.20 400
Hospitals per bed 200 0.30 0.35 200
Factories or Offices per person 20 0.06 - 360
Factories with showers per person 25 0.07 - 340
Restaurants per meal 5 0.02 0.06 450
Goldstein and Moberg, 1973
Mass loading (lbs) = # people (4) x BOD loading (0.23 lbs/cap/day) = 0.92 lbs/day
Feeding the SystemFeeding the System Water – Hydraulic loadWater – Hydraulic load
Flow volume, gpdFlow volume, gpd Flow rate, gpm or gphFlow rate, gpm or gph Appropriately sized Appropriately sized
systemsystem Food – Organic loadFood – Organic load
BODBOD• Concentration, mg/LConcentration, mg/L• Mass, Pounds per dayMass, Pounds per day• Appropriately sized systemAppropriately sized system
Food to Microorganism Food to Microorganism Ratio - ConsistencyRatio - Consistency
Other CompoundsOther Compounds
Impacts on Feeding ATU Impacts on Feeding ATU by Water Use by Water Use
Effects on hydraulic loadingEffects on hydraulic loading Whirlpool tubs Whirlpool tubs Water treatment devices Water treatment devices Clear waterClear water DishwasherDishwasher Laundry Laundry
Whirlpool TubsWhirlpool Tubs
Use large volumes of Use large volumes of waterwater
Add hydraulic surgesAdd hydraulic surges
New larger capacities New larger capacities can be greater than can be greater than the design flow for the the design flow for the homehome
Clear Water FlowsClear Water Flows
Water Treatment Water Treatment DevicesDevices Water SoftenersWater Softeners Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis Other?Other?
Other FlowOther Flow Condensate - AC Condensate - AC Ice MachinesIce Machines Basement drainsBasement drains Footing drains Footing drains
Water SoftenersWater Softeners
DIR – Demand Initiated DIR – Demand Initiated RegenerationRegeneration September 1, 2003 – date September 1, 2003 – date
requiring - DIRrequiring - DIR
May bypass the May bypass the pretreatment component.pretreatment component.
Connect directly to the Connect directly to the pump tank.pump tank.
Must go through a p-trapMust go through a p-trap
Reverse OsmosisReverse Osmosis
Point of UsePoint of Use Under the sinkUnder the sink Connect to OSSFConnect to OSSF No upgrade requiredNo upgrade required
Point of EntryPoint of Entry Whole house systemWhole house system Greater volumeGreater volume Need to add to size of Need to add to size of
OSSFOSSF
Laundry - 20% of FlowLaundry - 20% of Flow
Use should be spread Use should be spread outout
Liquid soap is Liquid soap is recommendedrecommended Use lessUse less Remove risk of fillers Remove risk of fillers
in powdersin powders
DishwasherDishwasher Adds surges of Adds surges of
wastewaterwastewater Hydraulically Hydraulically
overload systemoverload system Homeowner Homeowner
should space out should space out loadsloads
Organic loadOrganic load Clean/Scrape Clean/Scrape
dishesdishes
Impacts on Feeding ATU Impacts on Feeding ATU by Organics by Organics
Effects on organic strength (loading)Effects on organic strength (loading) Water-saving devices Water-saving devices Garbage disposalGarbage disposal Using wastewater system as a trash can.Using wastewater system as a trash can.
Water Conserving FixturesWater Conserving Fixtures
Water Saving DevicesWater Saving Devices 60 gallons/person/day60 gallons/person/day
Reduce Flow (lower hydraulic loading)Reduce Flow (lower hydraulic loading) Increase strength (same organic loading Increase strength (same organic loading
unless change of habits)unless change of habits)
Garbage DisposalGarbage Disposal
Increases total solids: scum, sludgeIncreases total solids: scum, sludge System should be pumped 1-2 years System should be pumped 1-2 years
sooner than without a garbage disposalsooner than without a garbage disposal Increases Organic LoadingIncreases Organic Loading
Organic matter had not been digested, so it Organic matter had not been digested, so it will take longer to break downwill take longer to break down
More water is used to wash out sinkMore water is used to wash out sink Smaller particles will take longer to settleSmaller particles will take longer to settle Potential for fats and oilsPotential for fats and oils
Impacts by Feeding System Impacts by Feeding System
General Adverse EffectsGeneral Adverse Effects Prescription antibiotics and drugs Prescription antibiotics and drugs Bath and body oils Bath and body oils In-home businessesIn-home businesses Antibacterial soap Antibacterial soap ChemicalsChemicals Cleaners Cleaners Trash and non-digestible materialTrash and non-digestible material
Prescription Drugs and AntibioticsPrescription Drugs and Antibiotics
Can kill microbes living Can kill microbes living in systemin system Won’t discriminate against Won’t discriminate against
organisms living in the organisms living in the systemsystem
Additional treatment Additional treatment components may be components may be necessarynecessary
Increase maintenanceIncrease maintenance
Bath and Body OilsBath and Body Oils
Increases FOGIncreases FOG If usage is great, may need more maintenanceIf usage is great, may need more maintenance
In-Home Businesses/HobbiesIn-Home Businesses/Hobbies
Add stronger wasteAdd stronger waste Add chemicalsAdd chemicals Increase flowIncrease flow
Examples of Businesses:Examples of Businesses: Home photography Home photography
developing labdeveloping lab Barber shopsBarber shops Day careDay care BakeryBakery Dog groomingDog grooming TaxidermyTaxidermy ArtistArtist
Hand Washing SoapHand Washing Soap Antibacterial soap Antibacterial soap
affects biology of tankaffects biology of tank Liquid soaps tend to Liquid soaps tend to
be overusedbe overused
Appliances and Cleaning ProductsAppliances and Cleaning Products
Look at Labels!Look at Labels! DANGER;DANGER; Means the chemical will kill the Means the chemical will kill the
bacteria, and its use should be minimized bacteria, and its use should be minimized or eliminatedor eliminated
WARNING;WARNING; Means limited use should Means limited use should have a minimal impact on the system.have a minimal impact on the system.
CAUTIONCAUTION:: Typically means the product Typically means the product will have little effect.will have little effect.
Septic System AdditivesSeptic System Additives
Not been proven to be Not been proven to be beneficial to system beneficial to system performanceperformance
Not recommendedNot recommended Break up particles that are Break up particles that are
settled at the bottom and settled at the bottom and make them suspendedmake them suspended
Potential solids loading to Potential solids loading to downstream componentsdownstream components
Cleaning ProductsCleaning Products
List commonly used brandsList commonly used brands CleaningCleaning AntibacterialAntibacterial
They have cumulative effects on system They have cumulative effects on system performanceperformance
Drain CleanerDrain Cleaner
Toxic drain Toxic drain cleaners can cleaners can impact ability to impact ability to properly treat properly treat wastewaterwastewater
Affect bacteria Affect bacteria activityactivity
Toilet CleaningToilet Cleaning
Product brandProduct brand Automatic cleanersAutomatic cleaners
Not recommendedNot recommended Continual impact causes long-term problemsContinual impact causes long-term problems
Toilet PaperToilet Paper
Number of rolls used Number of rolls used per weekper week
Results in faster Results in faster sludge build upsludge build up
Treated toilet paper Treated toilet paper (with lotions) prevents (with lotions) prevents paper from settlingpaper from settling
Wet wipe disposal is Wet wipe disposal is discourageddiscouraged
Bathroom - 60% of FlowBathroom - 60% of Flow
Only urine, feces, soap, Only urine, feces, soap, toilet paper and limited toilet paper and limited amounts of cleaner should amounts of cleaner should be going down drainbe going down drain
No feminine products, No feminine products, prophylactics, cigarette prophylactics, cigarette butts, etcbutts, etc
No every-flush toilet bowl No every-flush toilet bowl sanitizers or every shower sanitizers or every shower cleanercleaner
Feeding the SystemFeeding the System
If it will hurt the system,If it will hurt the system,
don’t let it go down the drain!don’t let it go down the drain!
Extended AbsencesExtended Absences
• No or low flows for an No or low flows for an extended period of timeextended period of time
•Low or no microbial activityLow or no microbial activity
•Caution needs to be used Caution needs to be used upon returnupon return
SummarySummary
Wastewater flows to the treatment system.Wastewater flows to the treatment system. All systems have two loading rates.All systems have two loading rates. How much water do you use (hydraulic How much water do you use (hydraulic
loading)?loading)? How much waste do you generate How much waste do you generate
(organic loading)?(organic loading)? How activities in the home impact the How activities in the home impact the
treatment system.treatment system.
Recommended