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Y10 Summer spaced learning work
Name ___________________________
Please complete this revision booklet over summer and hand it in to your teacher in September.
This is paper 1 content that you have been learning throughout this year.
Biology Paper 1 (Cell Biology; Organisation; Infection and response; and Bioenergetics)
Chemistry Paper 1 (Atomic structure and the periodic table; Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter; Quantitative chemistry; Chemical changes; and Energy changes)
Physics Paper 1 (Energy; Electricity; Particle model of matter; and Atomic structure
Use the following to help you with your revision.https://www.bbc.com/education/examspecs/z8r997h
http://freesciencelessons.co.uk/https://www.senecalearning.com/
Keyword Definition/function Diagram
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Nucleus
Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
Flagella
Plasmid
Magnification
Neurone
Muscle cell
Sperm cell
Task 1 – find the definitions or functions of the keywords and draw a picture to help
you remember it.
Root hair cell
Phloem cell
Xylem cell
Stem cell
Mitosis
Stem cell
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport
QUESTIONS
1 Work out the real size of these objects.
Size of image (mm) Magnification Size of real object (mm)
5 40
10 1000
12 60
8 200
15 500
2 Use the magnification equation to complete the table.
Size of image (mm) Magnification Size of real object (mm)
10 0.002
400 0.05
6 0.006
50 0.05
15 0.15
3 A student views the image of a cell magnified 40 000 times. The image is 50 mm long. Calculate the actual length of the sample in micrometres. _________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
4 A sperm cell has a tail 40 µm long and a student draws it 40 mm long. Calculate the magnification.________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5 A red blood cell is 7.5 µm in diameter. It is magnified 2000 times. Calculate the diameter of the image seen through the microscope in millimetres._______________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Task 2 – use the magnification equation to answer the following questions.
Fill in the gaps using the word in the box.
There are two ways that you can become ___________ to a disease. Firstly, you could catch the disease naturally, by the _________ (either a bacteria or a _________) entering your body. __________ blood cells recognise antigens on the surface of the microbe and start to produce ______________. These then destroy the pathogen. The first time the pathogen enters your body the immune response will be quite _________, so you will get ill. However, the second time, your white _________ cells know which antibodies to produce and the response is much ___________. Therefore you do not get any ____________ of the disease.Vaccines work by stimulating the immune ___________. The vaccine contains either a ___________ strain of the pathogen, or just _________ of it. However the important thing is that the ___________ of the pathogen is detected. The white blood __________ recognise these antigens and then ___________ antibodies, which ___________ the pathogen. If the pathogen then enters your _________ naturally the white blood cells quickly produce _____________ and you do not get ________. You are now _________ to that ___________.
S paced O ut S cience
Subject: Chemistry
weakened system antigen immune immune white virus cells ill quicker destroy body slow part pathogen antibodies antibodies produceblood disease produce symptoms
Task 3 – vaccinations fill in the gaps.HOW DO VACCINES WORK?
Task 4 – complete the SOS sheet.
Topic: Atomic Structure Focus: Structure of an Atom
Define the following key termsAtom Isotope Relative Abundance
Level 1Recall the mass and charge of the subatomic particles
Level 2Explain what relative abundance means and how to calculate it.
Level 3Following experimental work by Bohr, how did the accepted view of electronic structure change?
Task 5 – fill in the gaps to explain different types of bonding.
Task 6 – read the information on this page and use it to answer the questions
on the following page.
Energy Stores and Pathways
The eight stores
CHEMICAL More in an object lifted above its planet.
KINETIC In the immensely strong forces in atomic nuclei.
GRAVITATIONAL In an object at high temperature.
ELASTIC In electrical forces between charges.
THERMAL In food, fuel or batteries.
MAGNETIC In a stretched, squashed or twisted object.
ELECTROSTATIC In magnetic forces between magnetic poles.
NUCLEAR In moving objects.
The four pathways
M_CH_N_C_LLY – wh_n _ f_rc_ _cts _nd s_m_th_ng m_v_s.
_L_CTR_C_LLY – wh_n _ c_rr_nt fl_ws.
BY H_ _ T_NG – b_c_ _s_ _f _ t_mp_r_t_r_ d_ff_r_nc_.
BY R_D_ _T_ _N - _ w_v_ s_ch _s l_ght, m_cr_w_v_ _r s_ _nd.
Task 7 – match up the energy store with what it means. Add vowels to describe the
energy pathways.
Task 8 – fill in the table using the
equations at the bottom to
help.
Task 9 – follow the instructions on the sheet to summarise ionising radiation.
Eqn Word Equation Symbol Equation1 Weight = W=
Task 10 – LOOK at the equations on the left, COVER, WRITE as many as you can on the right, CHECK and REPEAT until you have filled the whole table in.
2 Work done = W=3 Force applied = F=4 Distance = s=5 Acceleration = a=6 Resultant force = F=
7HT Momentum p=8 Kinetic energy = Ek=9 Gravitational potential energy = Ep=10 Power = P=11 Power = P=12 Efficiency =13 Efficiency =14 Wave speed = v=15 Charge flow = Q=16 Potential difference = V=17 Power = P=18 Power = P=19 Energy transferred = E=20 Energy transferred = E=21 Density = ρ =
Task 11 – Use the ideas on this page and the checklists that follow to make your own revision resource.
Year 10 Biology Revision checklistKey Point 1 2Cells & microscopy
Label the major features of animal, plant and bacterial cells
Describe differences between animal and plant cells
Describe the functions of all the parts – e.g nucleus, ribosomes etc
Use Magnification=Image/Actual to calculate size of cells or magnification
Use prefixes centi, milli, micro and nano and change numbers between these units
Describe what is meant by ‘differentiation’ or specialisation
Relate a cells specialised features to its function
Describe how microscopy has developed over time and give advantages of the electron microscope over the light microscope
Describe the stages in the cell cycle
Recognise & define mitosis and give examples of it may occur
Define the term ‘stem cells’
Name sources of stem cells and describe their use – adult, embryo and meristem
Evaluate the use of stem cells in medical research and treatments
TransportDescribe diffusion and the factors that can affect the rate
Describe how organs and surfaces are specialised for effective diffusion – lungs, gills in fish, roots and leaves in plants
Define the term osmosis and give examples of where it happens
Define the term ‘Active Transport’ and explain why it is necessary
OrganisationName the organs in the digestive system
Use the ‘lock and key’ model to explain how enzymes work
Name the three digestive enzymes, what they act on and what the products are
Explain why digestion of food is necessary
Explain the functions of bile and hydrochloric acid in digestion
Describe the chemical tests for sugar, starch, fat and protein and their positive results
Label a diagram of the major structures of the heart
Label a diagram of the major structures of the lungs
Describe how the heart rate is normally regulated and the use of artificial pacemakers
Describe the features of arteries, veins and capillaries
Name and describe the functions of the four components of blood
Describe the path blood takes around the body and the importance of valves in this
Describe what ‘coronary heart disease’ is, describe and evaluate its treatment options
Describe some of the diseases linked with lifestyle factors
Describe the causes of cancer and what is meant by ‘benign’ and ‘malignant’ tumours
Name the different plant tissues and describe how they are adapted for their function
Explain how transpiration happens and describe factors that can affect the rate
Explain what is meant by ‘translocation’
Infection & responseDefine the term ‘pathogen’
Describe the spread, symptoms and treatments of viral diseases such as measles, HIV and Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
Describe the spread, symptoms and treatment of the bacterial infections Salmonella and Gonorrhoea
Describe the symptoms, spread and treatment of the fungal disease Rose black spot
Describe the spread of malaria and measures to prevent its transmission
Describe the main physical barriers humans have to infection
Describe how white cells fight pathogens that do get into the body
Explain how vaccinations prevent disease
Explain the use of antibiotics and other medicines in treating diseases
Describe the origins of many drugs and how new drugs are developed, including the use of placebos
BioenergeticsDescribe the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration and represent them using word
equations Compare aerobic with anaerobic respiration
Describe and explain the changes in the body during exercise
Explain why anaerobic respiration cannot be maintained for long periods
Describe the process of photosynthesis and represent it using a word equation
Describe how the rate of photosynthesis can be measured and how it can be affected
Explain what is meant by a limiting factor
Interpret graphs showing rates of photosynthesis and suggest how the rate may be increased
Explain factors that farmers would take into account before manipulating conditions
Describe what is meant by metabolism and give examples of metabolic reactions
Trilogy Chemistry Paper 1 Revision checklistKey Point 1 2
Atomic Structure & the Periodic TableDescribe the structure of an atom and calculate numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons given a
periodic table
Describe the development of the nuclear model of the atom from earlier models – e.g the plum pudding
Describe how mixtures can be separated using filtration, evaporation, distillation and chromatography
Compare the size of atoms to other items
Explain what is meant by an isotope and calculate the Atomic mass of an element given the percentage abundance of its isotopes
Draw the electron configuration for any of the first 20 elements in the periodic table.
Describe the layout of the modern periodic table and some of the steps in its development
Describe how atoms become ions and represent this using diagrams
Explain why group 0 do not form ions and describe the properties of group 0 elements
Describe the properties of the Group 1 metals and their reactions with oxygen and water
Explain why Group 1 reactivity increases going down the group
Describe the properties of group 7 elements.
Describe and explain the trend in reactivity of group 7 down the group
Interpret practical observations to prove reactivity in group 7 – ie displacement of less reactive halogens
Bonding & Properties
Describe the particle arrangement in solids, liquids and gases and explain how changes of state occur
Describe the formation of ionic bonds between metal and non-metal atoms and represent this in diagrams and models
Use dot and cross diagrams to show the transfer of electrons in ionic bonding
Describe the properties of ionic compounds
Represent covalent bonds using dot and cross diagrams
Describe the properties of simple and giant covalent substances
Describe the structure and bonding of carbon in the forms of diamond, graphite and fullerenes and relate their properties to the bonding
Represent the bonding in polymers using diagrams and explain why most polymers are solids at room temperature
Describe the bonding in metals and relate the properties of metals to the bonding
Define an alloy and explain why they are stronger than pure metals
Quantitative ChemistryExplain what is meant by ‘conservation of mass’ and apply it to chemical equations
Calculate relative formula mass
Calculate uncertainty in measurements
Know that a mole represents 6.02 x 10²³ atoms or molecules and is equal to the atomic or formula mass in grams
Use the equation Mass = Mr x moles to work out number of moles, mass or formula mass, given the other two
Calculate the mass of reactants and products in a symbol equation and use these to predict the masses of reactants needed or products expected
Use moles to balance symbol equations
Explain what is meant by a ‘limiting reactant’
Calculate the mass of a given solid in a specified volume of a solution of a given concentration
Chemical ChangeDefine the terms oxidation and reduction in terms of reactions with oxygen
Identify which substances have been oxidised or reduced in a given equation in terms of gain or loss of oxygen
Evaluate metal extraction methods given appropriate information
Describe the reactions of K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu with dilute acids and water
Derive the reactivity series for metals given information about displacement reactions
Explain reactivity in terms of a metal’s tendency to form ions
Identify which species has been oxidised and which has been reduced in terms of gain or loss of electrons in given equations
Write half equations for oxidation and reduction
Describe the test for hydrogen gas
Describe the formation of a soluble salt by neutralising acids with metal oxides or metal carbonates
Describe the reactions of acids and alkalis and the use of indicators
Explain the meaning of the terms ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ acids and make orders of magnitude calculations in terms of pH
Explain the process of electrolysis in terms of movement of ions to the electrodes and the loss or gain of electrons
Describe the extraction of Aluminium from its oxide using electrolysis
Predict the products from the electrolysis of solutions and explain why hydrogen is often given off at the cathodeEnergy Changes
Describe and recognise exothermic and endothermic reactions
Describe some of the variables that can affect temperature change in endothermic and exothermic reactions
Draw and label energy level diagrams for endothermic & exothermic reactions
HT Use bond energies to determine whether a reaction will be endothermic or exothermic
Physics Paper 1 Checklist- Trilogy
Key Point 1 2
Energy
Name the different types of energy ‘store’ and describe how energy is transferred between them
Identify where energy is wasted and describe where this goes
Calculate the efficiency of devices
Use Sankey diagrams to represent energy transfers or calculate efficiency
Define and calculate kinetic energy
Define and calculate gravitational potential energy
Use values for GPE to calculate maximum theoretical velocity of a raised object
Explain why theoretical velocity will not normally be reached
Calculate the elastic potential energy in a stretched or squashed object
Use and manipulate the specific heat capacity equation to calculate energy/mass/temperature change/specific heat capacity given the others
Define specific heat capacity
Calculate power using P=E/t or P=Work done/t
Describe the relationship between watts and joules
Define a ‘closed system’ and explain what happens to total energy when energy transfers happen in a closed system
Describe ways to reduce unwanted energy transfers
Describe factors that affect the thermal conductivity of a building
Describe the use, reliability and environmental impacts of renewable and non-renewable energy resources
Electricity
Describe what is meant by an electric current and calculate it using Q=It
Describe what is meant by resistance and calculate values for it using Ohm’s Law
Calculate current, voltage and resistance in series and parallel circuits
Recognise, describe and explain the shape of current-voltage graphs for a filament bulb, ohmic resistor and a diode
Use and recognise the symbols for all the circuit components covered
Recognise, describe and explain the shape of resistance- light level graph for a light dependent resistor
Describe and explain uses of LDRs – e.g switching on lights when it gets dark
Recognise, describe and explain the shape of resistance- temperature graph for a thermistor
Label the features and describe the safe operation of a 3 pin plug
Explain the difference between direct and alternating pd
Calculate electrical power and energy transferred for given appliances
Describe the features of the National Grid
Particle theory
Describe density in terms of particle arrangement
Use Density = mass/volume to calculate values and use the correct units
Explain the term ‘internal energy’
Describe differences in particle arrangement and energy in solids, liquids and gases
Explain what happens to particles during a change of state
Use the equation E=mL to calculate mass, specific latent heat or energy
Distinguish between specific heat capacity and specific latent heat
Define the terms specific latent heat, latent heat of fusion, latent heat of vaporisation
Atoms and Nuclear Physics
Label the parts of an atom and state approximate sizes of the atom and the nucleus
Explain what might cause changes in distance of electrons from the nucleus
Describe the changes to the atomic model over time, and why those changes were made
Describe what is meant by an isotope and describe some of their uses
Describe the properties and origins of alpha, beta and gamma radiation
Complete nuclear equations for alpha and beta decay
Describe what is meant by the half-life of a radioactive isotope and obtain values for this from a decay curve
Choose an appropriate source for a particular purpose
Explain the difference between contamination and irradiation and compare the hazards of each
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