X science fa2

SCIENCE PROJECT WORK

PRESENTED BYSURAJ KUMAR

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WHAT IS TRANSPORTATION?•TRANSPORTATION IS THE MOVEMENT OF THE SUBSTANCE FROM ONE LOCATION TO

ANOTHER IN AN ORGANISM.

TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTS

TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTS

In plants transportation of foods , water and minerals extra takes place. Roots help in absorption of water and minerals from the soil. Roots hair increase the surface area for the absorption of water and minerals

NUTRIENTS REQUIRED BY PLANTS

Macronutrients (required in relatively large amounts)Macronutrients included :-–Nitrogen–Phosphorus –Potassium

Micronutrients ( required in trace amount)Micronutrients included :-–Chlorine–iron–magnesium

TRANSPORTATION IN PLANTTRANSPORTATION IN PLANT HELD BY :-

TRACHEIDSPHOLEMXYLEM

XYLEM TISSUE (VESSLES) CARRIES WATER AND

MINERALS.

XYLEM VESSLES

THE XYLEM VESSLES IS A NON-LIVING,LONG TUBE WHICH RUNS LIKE A DRAINPIPE THROUGH THE PLANT. A XYLEM VESSLE IS MADE OF MANY

HOLLOW DEAD CELLS (CALLED VESSELS ELEMENT),JOINED END TO END. THE END WALLS OF THE CELLS HAVE BROKEN DOWN SO A LONG, OPEN TUBE IS

FORMED.

XYLEM VESSELS RUN FROM ROOTS OF THE PLANTS RIGHT UP THROUGH THE STEM AND REACH THE

LEAVES. THE XYLEM VESSELS BRANCH INTO EVERY LEAF OF THE PLANT.

XYLEM VESSLES

TRACHEIDS ARE LONG, THIN, SPINDLE SHAPED CELLS WITH PITS IN THEIR THICK WALLS. WATER FLOWS FROM ONE TRACHEIDS TO

ANOTHER TROUGH PITS.

TRACHEIDS

TRACHEIDS

TRACHEIDS ARE DEAD CELLS WITH LIGNIFIED WALLS BUT THEY DO NOT HAVE OPEN ENDS, SO THEY DO NOT FORM VESSELS. THEIR ENDS ARE NOT COMPLETELY OPEN , TRACHEIDS HAVE PITS IN THEIR WALLS, SO

WATER CAN PASS FROM ONE TRACHEID TO ANOTHER.

PHOLEM TISSUE(VESSELS) CARRY THE FOOD MATERIALS

WHICH PLANT MAKES AND HORMONES MADE BY PLANTS IN THEIR ROOTS AND SHOOT

TIPS.

PHOLEM TISSUE(VESSEL)

The Food Made By Leaves In The Form Of Glucose And Other Types Of Hormones

Are Made In The Tips Of Roots And Shoots Transport By The Phloem Vessels

To All Parts Of The Plant.

PHOLEM IS MADE OF MANY CELLS JOINED END TO END TO FORM LONG TUBES. THE END WALLS OF PHOLEM

ARE NOT COMPLETELY BROKEN DOWN. THE END WALLS OF CELLS IN THE PHOLEM FORM SIEVE PLATES.

PHOLEM TISSUE(VESSEL)

SIEVE TUBES

THE CELLS OF PHOLEM ARE CALLED SEIVE TUBES. SIEVE TUBES HAVE HOLES ALLOW THE FOOD TO PASS

ALONG THE PHOLEM TIUBES. SIEVE TUBES WHICH FORM PHOLEM ARE LIVING CELLS .

CONDUCTING TISSUE

•XYLEM AND PHOLEM ARE KNOWN AS CONDUCTING TISSUE OF PLANT.

•THEY ARE ALSO CALLED VASCULAR TISSUE AS THEY ARE PRESENT IN SPECIAL STRUCTURE CALLED

VASCULAR BUNDLES.

TRANSPIRATION

TRANSPIRATION

TRANSPIRATION IS THE EVAPORATION OF WATER IN THE FORM OF WATER VAPOURS FROM

PLANT SURFACE ESPECIALLY FROM THE STOMATA ON THE

LEAVES.

Transpiration

90% OF WATER ‘ABSORBED’ BY ROOTS LOST THROUGH TRANSPIRATION IN LEAVES.

TRANSPIRATION THROUGH STOMATA, PORES IN EPIDERMIS OF LEAVES.

TRANSPIRATION RATE REGULATED BY TWO GUARD CELLS SURRODING EACH STOMATA (OR STOMATE).

USES OF TRANSPIRATION IN PLANTS

•TRANSPIRATION CREATES A SUCTION PULL WHICH HELPS WATER TO TRANSPORTED TO GREAT

HEIGHTS IN TALL TREE.•TRANSPIRATION ALSO HELPS TO LOWER THE

PLANT BODY TEMPERATURE.

TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS

U N I C E L LU A R & M U LT I C E L LU A R T R A N S P O R TAT I O N

UNICELLUAR TRANSPORTATIONIN UNICELLUAR ORGANISM S, TRANSPORTATION IS DONE THROUGH SIMPLE PROCESSES LIKE DIFFUSION AND

OSMOSIS.MULTICELLUAR TRANSPORTATION

IN MULTICELLUAR ORGANISMS, DIFFERENT PARTS OF BODY PERFORM DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS BUT THEY TO STAY CONNECTED TO RECEIVE REQUIRE SUBSTANCES AND ELIMINATED UNWANTED MATERIALS FROM THE BODY.

TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS

IN HIGHER ANIMALS INCULDING HUMAN BEINGS, THERE IS CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FOR

TRANSPORTATION OF DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES.

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM CONSISTS OF THE HEART, BLOOD VESSELS AND BLOOD.

USES OF HEART IN TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS

THE HEART IS A HOLLOW MUSCEL IN THE MIDDLE LEFT CHEST THAT PUMPS BLOOD TO DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BODY.A MUSCULAR WALLS CALLED SEPTUM DIVIDES THE HEART

LENGTHWISE INTO LEFT AND RIGHT SIDES.HEART CONSISTS OF FOUR CHAMBERS.

USES OF BLOOD VESSELS IN TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS

BLOOD VESSELS ARE AN INTRICATE NETWORK OF TUBES THAT TRANSPORT BLOOD TO ENTIRE BODY.

BLOOD VESSELS OF THREE TYPES :-1) ARTERIES2) VEINS3) CAPILLARIES

THREE TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS

ARTERIES:-IT CARRY OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM HEART TO ALL PARTS OF THE BODY. VEINS:- IT CARRY DEOXYGENATED BLOOD FROM ALL PARTS OF THE BODY TO THE HEART.CAPILLARIES:-CAPILLARIES ARE NARROW BLOOD VESSELS WHICH CONNECT ARTERIES TO VEINS.

USES OF BLOOD IN TRANSPORTATION IN ANIMALS

BLOOD IS A FULID CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT CIRCULATES THROUGH HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS.BLOOD CONSISTS OF PLASMA WITH RBCS,WBCS AND PLATETETS. ARTERIES TRANSPORT BLOOD FROM HEART TO THE TISSUE.IT IS RED IN COLOUR DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF RED PIGMENT CALLED HAEMOGLOBIN.

CONTENT OF BLOOD

CELL COMPONENT:-

RBCS:-IT CONTAIN HAEMOGLOBIN AND IT HELPS IN TRANSPORTATION.

WBCS:-IT DESTROY OR KILLS HARMFUL BACTERIA AND GERMS.

PLATETS:-IT HELPS IN CLOTTING OF BLOOD.

LIQUID COMPONENT:-

IT CONTAIN BLOOD PLASMA.

CONCULSION

IN PLANTS:- TRANSPORTATION OF WATER,FOOD AND MINERALS

TAKES PLACE THROUGH XYLEM AND PHOLEM.IN ANIMALS:-

TRANSPORTATION OF FOOD,O2,CO2 AND SALTS ETC TAKES PLACE THROUGH DIFFERENT ORGANS.

THE END