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Hydraulic Fracturing
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Classes of Additives Purpose Examples
Acid Facilitates entry into rock formations hydrochloric acid
Biocides Kill bacteria and reduce risk of fouling glutaraldehyde, 2,2 Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide
Breaker Facilitate proppant entry peroxodisulfates
Clay stabilizer Clay stabilization salts, ie tetramethylammonium chloride
Corrosion inhibitor Well maintenance methanol
Crosslinker Facilitate proppant entry potassium hydroxide
Friction reducers Improve surface pressure sodium acrylate, polyacrylamide
Gelling agents Proppant placement guar gum
Iron control Well maintenance citric acid, thioglycolic acid
Scale inhibitor Prevention of precipitation ammonium chloride, ethylene glycol,polyaccrylate
Surfactant Reduction in fluid tension methanol, isopropanol
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"significant potential risks to human health and the environment."
January 2011
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• Water Contamination• Ground Contamination
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Lack of regulations
Guardian Newspaper, 31st August 2011
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Air Pollution
Huffington Post3rd August 2011
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BBC News31st May 2011
Earthquakes?
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The Blackpool Gazette16th October 2011
“CONTROVERSIAL gas drilling DID cause Fylde coast earthquakes.”
“..earth tremors felt nearby [Lancashire drilling site] were most likely to have been caused by fracking”
British Geological Survey16th October 2011
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Western Mail 11th June 2011
Over Estimated Reserves
Business Insider 24th Aug 2011
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Multiple Drill Rigs
Wyoming, USA
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Volume of Water Used
“On average, each well will use approx. 1 - 8 million gallons of water per frack”
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• Tourism• Property Value• Increased Traffic
Other areas of concern..
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