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www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 1
Performance ManagementPerformance Managementand OpenVMS Toolsand OpenVMS Tools
Tools and utilities available with OpenVMS
Bart Z. Lederman, OpenVMS Performance Expertise Center
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 2
OverviewOverview
Tools and utilities available with OpenVMS. Locating tools and resources. What information they provide. Learning the tuning process. Not an in-depth tutorial on specific tools.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 3
The ManualsThe Manuals
Good place to start. Good way to refresh your memory. Keep up with changes and improvements. Don’t memorize them: become familiar with
where topics are covered. Also check manuals for applications and layered
products.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 4
Some of the ManualsSome of the Manuals
A Comparison of System Management on OpenVMS AXP and OpenVMS VAX
OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference Manual OpenVMS System Manager's Manual: Tuning, Monitoring, and
Complex Systems OpenVMS Performance Management DECnet for OpenVMS Network Management Utilities DECamds User's Guide DECevent Translation and Reporting Utility DECevent Analysis and Notification Utility DECnet/OSI (DECnet-Plus) manuals.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 5
Manuals: Advice changes over time.Manuals: Advice changes over time.
VMS is 20+ years old. A lot has been written about VMS over the years. Computer ‘power’ is increasing rapidly. The cost of hardware is decreasing. Advice that was valid 5 or 10 years ago may no
longer apply to current systems. Be especially wary of “Rules of Thumb”
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 6
Manuals: Application vs. System ChangesManuals: Application vs. System Changes
Many manuals have a ‘fix the system’ orientation. It is often better to ‘fix’ the application. Can the demand for resources be reduced? Can the demand for resources be redistributed
(different systems or different times)?
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 7
Installation GuidesInstallation GuidesRelease NotesRelease Notes
May contain information on system parameters, quotas, etc.
Often guidelines or minimums: your system may be different.
Things change: check the release notes. May have information on previous releases as
well. Also look for “New Features” manuals.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 8
Error LoggingError Logging
Before a system can be tuned, it must be working properly.
Software can mask errors. Check Error Logs. Check ECO and hardware revision levels.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 9
$ SHOW ERROR$ SHOW ERROR
Device Error Count
PIRULO$DKA0: 5
PIRULO$DKA300: 3
PIRULO$DKA500: 1
PIRULO$PKA0: 4
[Only devices with any errors are shown. Note that some errors could be 'soft' errors, or startup initialization messages.]
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 10
$ ANALYZE /ERROR$ ANALYZE /ERROR
DEVICE SUMMARY LOGGED BY SID 12000003
ERRORS TIMEOUTS UCB ERROR UCB OPERATION
[HARD] [SOFT] [HARD] [SOFT] COUNT COUNT
_PIRULO$DKA300:
"OPENVMS062"
4. 2. 0. 0. 6. 2344958.
"OPENVMS070"
3. 0. 0. 0. 3. 7917.
------- ------- ------- ------- ------------ -------------
TOTALS 7. 2. 0. 0. 3. 7917.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 11
$ ANALYZE /ERROR$ ANALYZE /ERROR
V A X / V M S SYSTEM ERROR REPORT COMPILED 12-APR-1996
SUMMARY OF ALL ENTRIES LOGGED BY SID 12000003
DEVICE ERROR BIT SET 32.
SYSTEM START-UP 18.
ERRLOG.SYS CREATED 1.
FATAL BUGCHECK 14.
TIME-STAMP 84.
VOLUME MOUNT 147.
VOLUME DISMOUNT 124.
DEVICE ATTENTION 12.
DATE OF EARLIEST ENTRY 9-FEB-1995 10:39:24.48
DATE OF LATEST ENTRY 12-APR-1996 13:27:37.33
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 12
$ DIAGNOSE /TRANS /SUM$ DIAGNOSE /TRANS /SUM
$ DIAGNOSE /TRANSLATE /SUMMARY
SUMMARY OF ALL ENTRIES LOGGED ON NODE PRFGRP
unknown major class
New errorlog created 1.
Timestamp 103.
Volume dismount 121.
Crash Re-start 31.
System startup 37.
Volume mount 222.
Hard ECC error 3.
SCSI 308.
DATE OF EARLIEST ENTRY 15-JUL-1996 09:27:50
DATE OF LATEST ENTRY 13-AUG-1997 12:29:46
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 13
$ DIAG /TRAN /BRIEF $ DIAG /TRAN /BRIEF /INCLU=TAPE/INCLU=TAPE********************** ENTRY 708 **********************
Logging OS 1. OpenVMS
System Architecture 2. Alpha
OS version V7.1
Event sequence number 15247.
Timestamp of occurrence 11-JUN-1997 09:34:00
Host name PRFGRP
System Model DEC 3000 Model 500
---- Device Profile ----
Unit PRFGRP$MKA500
Product Name TLZ06
-- Driver Supplied Info -
VMS SCSI Error Type 3. Send SCSI Command Failed
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 14
Network Management ToolsNetwork Management Tools
DECnet keeps counters on lines, circuits, executive.
Error counters can be used to find problems. Amount of data transferred can be used to
measure performance. Other networking products (software and
hardware) should also have counters.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 15
$ NCP SHOW LINE COUNTERS$ NCP SHOW LINE COUNTERS
>65534 Seconds since last zeroed
11947338 Data blocks received
10215202 Multicast blocks received
8 Receive failure, including:
Frame too long
2394634188 Bytes received
1924531620 Multicast bytes received
0 Data overrun
1824950 Data blocks sent
104040 Multicast blocks sent
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 16
$ NCP $ NCP (continued)(continued)
141341 Blocks sent, multiple collisions
79167 Blocks sent, single collision
201061 Blocks sent, initially deferred
335483778 Bytes sent
5966839 Multicast bytes sent
21 Send failure, including:
Excessive collisions
0 Collision detect check failure
0 Unrecognized frame destination
15 System buffer unavailable
3 User buffer unavailable
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$ NCL$ NCL
$ NCL SHOW NODE 0 CSMA-CD STATION * ALL COUNTERS
Node 0 CSMA-CD Station EWA-0
at 1996-04-23-08:56:03.147-04:00I20072005.710
Counters
Creation Time = 1996-04-19-15:45:23.378-04:00Iinf
Octets Received = 2289234977
Octets Sent = 2282075619
PDUs Received = 5812954
PDUs Sent = 5731279
Multicast Octets Received = 2460645
Multicast Octets Sent = 198605
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 18
$ NCL$ NCL (continued) (continued)
Multicast PDUs Received = 39466
Multicast PDUs Sent = 2336
Initially Deferred PDUs Sent = 128707
Single Collision PDUs Sent = 794833
Multiple Collisions PDUs Sent = 418837
Excessive Collisions = 2
Carrier Check Failures = 0
Late Collisions = 0
Collision Detect Check Failures = 0
Frame Check Errors = 0
Frame Size Errors = 0
Send Data Length Errors = 0
Alignment Errors = 0
Frames Too Long = 0
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$ UCX SHOW INTERFACE /FULL$ UCX SHOW INTERFACE /FULLInterface: SE0
IP_Addr: 16.32.160.164 NETWRK: 255.255.255.0 BRDCST: 16.255.255.255
Ethernet_Addr: AA-00-04-00-65-FF MTU: 1500
Flags: UP BRDCST NOTRL RUN
RECEIVE SEND
Packets 5456912 22879
IP packets 21357 17778
Broadcast IP packets 809127 0
Trailer 1 IP packets 0
Trailer 2 IP packets 0
ARP packets 222 4903
Broadcast ARP packets 4626206 198
Drops
IP packets 0 0
ARP packets 0 0
Errors
Hardware 0 2
Software 0 0
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 20
AGEN$FEEDBACKAGEN$FEEDBACKAUTOGENAUTOGEN
Captures data about actual system use. Detects when some resources are exhausted:
disk cache, memory, pool. AUTOGEN can format the data into a report
without making changes to your system. AUTOGEN can use the feedback to adjust
system parameters.@SYS$UPDATE:AUTOGEN HELP
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 21
AGEN$FEEDBACK.DATAGEN$FEEDBACK.DAT
FEEDBACK_NODE = "PIRULO "
FEEDBACK_SID = 301989891
FEEDBACK_TIME = " 1-APR-1996 14:17:24.40"
FEEDBACK_UPTIME = 268041
LOCKS_INUSE = 290
LOCKS_PEAK = 1024
GBLPAGES_CUR = 102400
GBLSECTIONS_CUR = 1024
PAGEDYN_ALLOCFAIL = 0
PAGEDYN_ALLOCFAILPAGES = 0
PAGEDYN_REQUESTS = 107140
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AGEN$FEEDBACK.DATAGEN$FEEDBACK.DAT(continued)(continued)
GBLPAGES_PEAK = 43084
GBLSECTIONS_PEAK = 379
DINDXHITS = 77332
DINDXATTEMPTS = 81535
DIRHITS = 62936
DIRATTEMPTS = 66405
HDRHITS = 65647
HDRATTEMPTS = 86317
SWAPFILE1_PEAK = 0
PAGEFILE1_NAME = "SYS$SYSTEM:PAGEFILE.SYS"
PAGEFILE1_PEAK = 21597
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 23
AGEN$PARAMS.REPORTAGEN$PARAMS.REPORT
NPAGEDYN parameter information:
Feedback information.
Old value was 1339904, New value is 1667584
Maximum observed non-paged pool size: 1667584 bytes.
Non-paged pool request rate: 0 requests per 10 sec.
Override Information - parameter calculation has been overridden.
The calculated value was 1585664. The new value is 1667584.
NPAGEDYN is not allowed to be less than 1667584.
ACP_DIRCACHE parameter information:
Feedback information.
Old value was 162, New value is 162
Hit percentage: 99%
Attempt rate: 3 attempts per 10 sec.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 24
MODPARAMS.DATMODPARAMS.DAT
Edit this file, then use AUTOGEN to change system parameters.
AUTOGEN “knows” about interrelated system parameters.
Feedback is good, but you need to guide AUTOGEN.
Use MIN_ and MAX_ rather than hard values when appropriate.
Include comments, keep old versions for your records.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 25
MODPARAMS.DATMODPARAMS.DAT(Example 1)(Example 1)
MIN_GBLPAGES = 102400
MIN_GBLSECTIONS = 1024
MIN_LNMSHASHTBL = 512
LOCKDIRWT = 0
MIN_LOCKIDTBL = 1024
MIN_MAXPROCESSCNT = 90
MIN_NPAGEDYN = 1667584
MIN_PAGEDYN = 1065472
MIN_RESHASHTBL = 300
SCSNODE = "PIRULO"
SCSSYSTEMID = 65381
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 26
MODPARAMS.DATMODPARAMS.DAT(Example 2)(Example 2)
!MIN_IRPCOUNT=2245 ! increase for VMS 5.2 T. Hickman 17-Jan-90
MIN_LRPCOUNT=12 ! increase for PSI B. Z. Lederman 17-Aug-89
MIN_GBLSECTIONS=350 ! For Rdb 3.0A B. Z. Lederman 14-Aug-89
!MIN_NPAGEDYN=600000
MIN_NPAGEVIR=1100000
! Proposed changes 6-Mar-1990 B. Z. Lederman
ACP_QUOCACHE = 0 ! disk quotas not used
MIN_CLISYMTBL = 500 ! command interpretor symbol table
MIN_LNMSHASHTBL = 1024 ! fast logical name table lookup
MIN_SRPCOUNT = 7000 ! feedback plus observation
MIN_IRPCOUNT = 4000 ! feedback plus observation
MIN_PAGEDYN = 300000 ! feedback
MIN_NPAGEDYN = 750000 ! feedback
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 27
Hint for Alpha UsersHint for Alpha Users
VAX and Alpha will expand paged and non-paged dynamic memory (pool).
Performance penalty on VAX relatively small. Performance penalty on Alpha relatively severe. Additional pool usually thousands of bytes: main memory
tens or hundreds of millions of bytes. Pool is cheap; lack of pool is expensive; pre-allocate a
generous amount of pool.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 28
What Does this Really Mean?What Does this Really Mean?(why is this example in this session?)(why is this example in this session?) Check manuals and release notes. All changes need to be evaluated. “Cost vs. Benefit” analysis on changes. “Common Sense” factor. Some resources must be allocated, even if they
are expensive. Most tools only give you raw data, which you
have to interpret.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 29
$ SHOW $ SHOW commandscommands
Many DCL SHOW commands are useful. Try them all.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 30
$ SHOW MEMORY$ SHOW MEMORY
System Memory Resources on 22-MAY-1996 14:37:57.36
Physical Memory Usage (pages): Total Free In Use Modified
Main Memory (512.00Mb) 65536 35801 26998 2737
Virtual I/O Cache (Kbytes): Total Free In Use
Cache Memory 7496 0 7496
Granularity Hint Regions (pages): Total Free In Use Released
Execlet code region 1024 0 566 458
Execlet data region 120 7 113 0
VMS exec data region 2271 0 2271 0
Resident image code region 1024 0 818 206
Slot Usage (slots): Total Free Resident Swapped
Process Entry Slots 267 169 98 0
Balance Set Slots 265 169 96 0
Dynamic Memory Usage (bytes): Total Free In Use Largest
Nonpaged Dynamic Memory 16351232 8235648 8115584 4238592
Paged Dynamic Memory 4513792 1505872 3007920 1491504
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 31
$ SHOW MEMORY$ SHOW MEMORY(continued)(continued)
System Memory Resources on 28-MAY-1996 09:15:10.23
Paging File Usage (pages): Free Reservable Total
DISK$OPENVMS062:[SYS0.SYSEXE]SWAPFILE.SYS
4280 4280 5000
DISK$STANDALONE:[SYS0.SYSEXE]SWAPFILE.SYS;1
4992 4992 4992
DISK$OPENVMS062:[SYS0.SYSEXE]PAGEFILE.SYS
25068 11164 26400
DISK$STANDALONE:[SYS0.SYSEXE]PAGEFILE.SYS;1
24516 11165 26392
Of the physical pages in use, 6294 pages are permanently allocated to OpenVMS.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 32
$ SHOW MEMORY /POOL $ SHOW MEMORY /POOL /FULL/FULL
System Memory Resources on 22-MAY-1996 14:38:02.11
Nonpaged Dynamic Memory (Lists + Variable)
Current Size (bytes) 16351232 Current Size (pagelets) 31936
Initial Size (NPAGEDYN) 16351232 Initial Size (pagelets) 31936
Maximum Size (NPAGEVIR) 68845568 Maximum Size (pagelets) 134464
Free Space (bytes) 8235520 Space in Use (bytes) 8115712
Size of Largest Block 4238592 Size of Smallest Block 64
Number of Free Blocks 19803 Free Blocks LEQU 64 Bytes 765
Free Blocks on Lookasides 17789 Lookaside Space (bytes) 3570240
Paged Dynamic Memory
Current Size (PAGEDYN) 4513792 Current Size (pagelets) 8816
Free Space (bytes) 1505824 Space in Use (bytes) 3007968
Size of Largest Block 1491504 Size of Smallest Block 16
Number of Free Blocks 456 Free Blocks LEQU 64 Bytes 442
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 33
System AccountingSystem Accounting
Information on processes and images. Peak Working Set, Page Faults, I/O. Can tell you when and how system is used. Can measure application performance. Must be enabled, usually in SYSTARTUP_VMS.COM
$ SET ACCOUNTING /ENABLE = (classes) Can also be enabled on specific images.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 34
Example of SET ACCOUNTINGExample of SET ACCOUNTING
$ SET ACCOUNTING /ENABLE = (BATCH, DETACHED, INTER, -
LOGINFAIL, MESSAGE, NET, PROC, SUBPROC)
(i.e., everything except IMAGE accounting.)
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 35
$ ACCOUNTING /FULL$ ACCOUNTING /FULLUsername: SYSTEM UIC: [SYSTEM]
Account: SYSTEM Finish time: 12-APR-1996 13:35:13.57
Process ID: 00000458 Start time: 12-APR-1996 13:34:18.09
Owner ID: Elapsed time: 0 00:00:55.48
Terminal name: RTA1: Processor time: 0 00:00:01.18
Remote node addr: 65381 Priority: 4
Remote node name: PIRULO Privilege <31-00>: FFFFFFFF
Remote ID: LEDERMAN Privilege <63-32>: FFFFFFFF
Remote full name:
Queue entry: Final status code: 00000001
Queue name:
Job name:
Final status text: %SYSTEM-S-NORMAL, normal successful completion
Page faults: 1443 Direct IO: 49
Page fault reads: 41 Buffered IO: 210
Peak working set: 543 Volumes mounted: 0
Peak page file: 3096 Images executed: 10
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 36
INSTALLINSTALL
Not just what images are installed and how: also gives usage count and number of shared users.
Don’t worry if installed image isn’t used much. Don’t remove images installed by Compaq. May want to installed images that are often used
and not currently installed. INSTALL can also give global sections and
pages summary.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 37
$ INSTALL LIST /FULL$ INSTALL LIST /FULL
DISK$OPENVMS070:<SYS0.SYSCOMMON.SYSEXE>.EXE
COPY;1 Open Hdr Shar
Entry access count = 206
Current / Maximum shared = 0 / 2
Global section count = 1
DCL;1 Open Hdr Shar Lnkbl
Entry access count = 502
Current / Maximum shared = 10 / 16
Global section count = 1
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 38
$ INSTALL LIST $ INSTALL LIST /GLOBAL /SUMMARY/GLOBAL /SUMMARY
Summary of Local Memory Global Sections
377 Global Sections Used, 43084/59316 Global Pages Used/Unused
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 39
Application StatisticsApplication Statistics
Some applications show resources used. SORT / MERGE utility is one example. If you write your own applications, consider
adding counters. Sometimes easier to tell what an application is
doing from the “inside” than from the “outside”. OpenVMS RTL functions supply information.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 40
$ SORT /STATISTICS$ SORT /STATISTICS
$ SORT /STAT /NODUP input.file output.file
OpenVMS VAX Sort/Merge Statistics
Records read: 1634 Input record length: 512
Records sorted: 1634 Internal length: 512
Records output: 1634 Output record length: 512
Working set extent: 16400 Sort tree size: 1636
Virtual memory: 2439 Number of initial runs: 0
Direct I/O: 31 Maximum merge order: 0
Buffered I/O: 11 Number of merge passes: 0
Page faults: 1892 Work file allocation: 0
Elapsed time: 00:00:01.09 Elapsed CPU: 00:00:00.72
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 41
RTL Routines and LexicalsRTL Routines and Lexicals
LIB$INIT_TIMER LIB$SHOW_TIMER LIB$STAT_TIMER LIB$SHOW_VM LIB$STAT_VM SYS$START_ALIGN_FAULT_REPORT SYS$GET_ALIGN_FAULT_DATA $GETJPI $GETSYI
F$GETJPI F$GETSYI
SYS$EXAMPLES:WORKING_SET.COM
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 42
MONITORMONITOR
Displays a wide variety of system resources. Real time display. Capture to a file (text or binary). Can provide summaries, maximums, averages,
etc. Can play back data. Much more than can be shown here: dedicated
session follows this session. Easy to learn from built-in HELP (though
browsing the manuals is also a good idea).
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 43
MONITORMONITOR(some capabilities)(some capabilities)
Monitor cluster communications, DECnet, disks, general I/O, MSCP server, locking.
System Modes and States. File system and RMS activities. Processes by the rate they consume: CPU,
Faults, Direct I/O, Buffered I/O. Everything at once. Try all of the commands on your system.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 44
$ MONITOR PAGE$ MONITOR PAGE
CUR AVE MIN MAX
Page Fault Rate 4.80 89.61 4.80 185.57
Page Read Rate 0.00 4.83 0.00 19.60
Page Read I/O Rate 0.00 0.48 0.00 1.96
Page Write Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Page Write I/O Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Free List Fault Rate 3.84 12.07 2.94 22.33
Modified List Fault Rate 0.00 9.17 0.00 31.73
Demand Zero Fault Rate 0.96 66.66 0.96 133.98
Global Valid Fault Rate 0.00 1.20 0.00 4.80
Wrt In Progress Fault Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
System Fault Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Free List Size 25444.00 25501.75 25444.00 25620.00
Modified List Size 521.00 495.00 452.00 521.00
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 45
$ MONITOR IO$ MONITOR IO
CUR AVE MIN MAX
Direct I/O Rate 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.96
Buffered I/O Rate 0.00 1.74 0.00 2.94
Mailbox Write Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Split Transfer Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Log Name Translation Rate 8.73 7.93 6.86 8.73
File Open Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Page Fault Rate 3.88 72.34 3.88 187.50
Page Read Rate 0.00 3.86 0.00 19.60
Page Read I/O Rate 0.00 0.38 0.00 1.96
Page Write Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Page Write I/O Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Inswap Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Free List Size 25440.00 25489.40 25440.00 25620.00
Modified List Size 525.00 501.00 452.00 525.00
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 46
$ MONITOR FCP$ MONITOR FCP
CUR AVE MIN MAX
FCP Call Rate 65.38 11.09 0.00 65.38
Allocation Rate 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.96
Create Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Disk Read Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Disk Write Rate 13.46 2.41 0.00 13.46
Volume Lock Wait Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CPU Tick Rate 16.34 2.89 0.00 16.34
File Sys Page Fault Rate 0.00 0.96 0.00 5.76
Window Turn Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
File Lookup Rate 50.96 8.52 0.00 50.96
File Open Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Erase Rate 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 47
$ MONITOR SYSTEM$ MONITOR SYSTEM + CPU Busy (5) -+ LEF: 7 LEFO: 0
|* | HIB: 25 HIBO: 0
CPU 0 +--------------------------+ 100 COM: 0 COMO: 0
| | PFW: 0 Other: 1
+--------------------------+ MWAIT: 0
Cur Top: (0) Total: 33
+ Page Fault Rate (3) -+ + Free List Size (25421) -+
|| | |************ | 54K
MEMORY 0 +--------------------------+ 100 0 +--------------------------+
| | |*** | 3800
+--------------------------+ + Modified List Size (544) +
Cur Top: (0)
+ Direct I/O Rate (0) -+ + Buffered I/O Rate (0) -+
| | | |
I/O 0 +--------------------------+ 60 0 +--------------------------+ 150
| | | |
+--------------------------+ +--------------------------+
Cur Top: (0) Cur Top: (0)
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 48
DECamdsDECamds
Collects data on several nodes, analyzes it, displays it.
Used to be a layered product: now runs with any OpenVMS license.
Included on the CD-ROM distribution kit. Not installed by default: you must install it. Manuals included in paper documentation kit,
distribution kit, and On-line Documentation kit.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 49
DECamdsDECamds(2)(2)
Two parts: Data Provider on system(s) being measured; Data Analyzer collects and displays data.
Need Workstation with Motif or X-Windows for best display (log file is text).
Does require some processing power for analysis.
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DECamdsDECamds(3)(3)
Real-time display of system(s) being monitored: similar to MONITOR with additional capabilities.
Error and Information display: issues warnings when resources are low.
You can run with the defaults, but some investment in time and effort is needed to take advantage of all of it’s capabilities.
In general, the more versatile a tool is the more effort it takes to learn to use it.
The display portion is easy to learn (point and click).
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DECamdsDECamds(4)(4)
Other tools provide raw data: DECamds can perform the first step in analysis.
Uses default values for comparison, or you can enter your own.
You run other tools to interrogate system: DECamds can monitor systems and issues warnings.
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 52
DECamdsDECamdsInformation Window and Log FileInformation Window and Log File
Time Sev Event
Opening DECamds Event Log on date/time: 17-APR-1996 10:32:17.05
10:32:23.70 80 LOMEMY, WRKHRD free memory is low
10:32:42.31 30 RESDNS, SPLEFX resource hash table dense 142% full (1461 resources, hash table size 1024)
10:32:54.19 75 HIHRDP, WRKHRD hard page fault rate is high
10:32:38.86 60 HIBIOR, SPLEFX buffered I/O rate is high
10:32:59.22 60 HINTER, WRKHRD interrupt mode time is high
10:32:43.87 60 HIBIOR, WRKHRD buffered I/O rate is high
10:35:33.83 60 DSKMNV, ABNRML $10$DKB100($10$DKB100) disk mount verify in
10:35:33.84 60 DSKOFF, SAILOR $4$DRA0((SAILOR)) is offline
10:35:33.86 60 DSKMNV, HEEBEE $10$DKB100($10$DKB100) disk mount verify in
10:42:32.13 60 PRBIOR, WRKHRD AMDS$COMM Buffered I/O rate is high
10:42:27.09 80 LOMEMY, WRKHRD free memory is low
10:42:27.09 60 HIBIOR, WRKHRD buffered I/O rate is high
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DECamdsDECamdsSystem OverviewSystem Overview
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 54
DECamdsDECamdsCPU Modes SummaryCPU Modes Summary
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 55
Customize Events MenuCustomize Events Menu
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DECamdsDECamdsProcess DisplayProcess Display
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Process DisplayProcess Display(2)(2)
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Process DisplayProcess Display(3)(3)
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 59
DECeventDECeventDECwindows InterfaceDECwindows Interface
www.compaq.comPerformance Management and OpenVMS Tools 60
Performance APIPerformance API There is an interface that MONITOR uses to get data. Others would like the same data. The interface is not documented. The interface would not scale well. Changing it would break MONITOR. Alternative is for users to write “Inner Mode” code.
Risky.Difficult to test.Changes with operating system upgrades.
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Performance APIPerformance API
Create a new interface based on the old one, but documented.
Incorporates input from customers and third-party products.
Data provider only: you write your own applications. Goal is VAX and Alpha. “Cloned” from existing service, so people who used the
old one should be able to switch easily. New items added as needed.
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Performance APIPerformance API
$GETRMIGet Resource Monitor Information
Returns system performance information about the local system.
SYS$GETRMI [efn] ,[nullarg] ,[nullarg] , itmlst ,[iosb] ,[astadr] ,[astprm]
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Performance APIPerformance API
RMI$_FRLIST number of pages on the freelist.RMI$_MODLIST number of pages on the modified page list.RMI$_FAULTS number of pages faults per secondRMI$_PREADS number of pages read.RMI$_PWRITES number of pages written.RMI$_PWRITIO physical page write I/O's.RMI$_PREADIO physical page read I/O's. (and more)
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Disk AccessDisk AccessYear Drive Average Device
Access Time(mS)
I/O perSecond
1956 RAMAC 1015.0 .981964 2314 112.5 8.91975 3350 36.7 27.31987 3380K 24.6 40.61996 3390-3 23.2 43.11998 Cheetah 18 18.0 55.51996 Elite 23 19.0 52.61997 Elite 47 19.0 52.62000 (est.) 12.0 83.3
Computer Technology Review Storage Inc. Quarter 1 2000
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CPU Speed.CPU Speed.Processor Instruction Cycle (nS)PDP-1 5,000 / 10,000PDP-8I 1,500 / 3,000PDP-15 800 / 1,600LSI-11 2,380PDP-11/ 70 300VAX-11/ 785 274µVAX-II 430VAX 3600 180VAX 8550 140VAX 4000-M90 30VAX 9000 17AS210 4/ 166 6AS2100 5/ 250 4AS1000A 56/ 333 3GS160 6/ 833 1+
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What’s getting faster?What’s getting faster?
Drive Capacity increase: > 6,000 CPU Performance increase: >3,000
(with increased word size: >15,000)(with pipelining, &c: > 60,000 to 90,000)
Drive Performance increase: 9 CPU and Memory performance increase at a
faster rate than I/O, and I/O probably won’t catch up any time soon.
I/O bottlenecks will continue to be a concern.
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It isn’t just disks.It isn’t just disks.
Network I/O is also important. Networks are getting faster (100x improvement
since mid-1980s). Networks are all electronic: easier to improve
speed than with physical devices. Usually easier to install parallel paths.
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Throw Hardware at the Problem?Throw Hardware at the Problem?
VAX II & RD53
VAX 3600 & RA82
AS4100 & HSZ40
?????
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It’s not just the “big” systems.It’s not just the “big” systems.
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VMS is working on this.VMS is working on this.
Shadowing Fastpath Lock Manager Cluster Interconnect and communications File Cache Storage Solutions
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The three bottlenecks,The three bottlenecks,
CPU (instructions per second) I/O Memory
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will become four bottlenecks (?)will become four bottlenecks (?)
CPU (instructions per second) I/O Memory (quantity) Memory (bandwidth)
particularly on multi-processor systems
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or five bottlenecks (?)or five bottlenecks (?)
CPU (instructions per second) I/O Memory (quantity) Memory (bandwidth)
particularly on multi-processor systems Backplane / Bus bandwidth
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Locks, SMP Sync.Locks, SMP Sync.
Locking schemes that work well on slower systems don’t always scale.
SMP traps that work well on slower system don’t always scale.
SMP schemes that work on 2 or 4 processors don’t always scale.
User-written schemes should be reviewed.
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Code stops working?Code stops working?
Faster CPUs sometimes expose ‘sloppy’ programming (not checking status, etc.).
Multi-processors sometimes expose ‘sloppy’ programming (shared status fields / blocks).
Assuming something will complete in a certain time (or in no less than a certain time) will come back to haunt you.
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Keep your tools up-to-dateKeep your tools up-to-date
CC /OPT=(TUNE=EV6) But only if you have the current version of the
compiler! Keeping compilers, etc., up-to-date will probably
become more important in the future.
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Other ResourcesOther Resources
Freeware CD DECUS (CD, Tapes, Library, DECUServe) I’ve included my own tools on previous
collections, and on the current collection. www.encompasserve.org www.openvms.compaq.com
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QuestionsQuestions
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