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WWII
By: Mr. Mitchell
• Nazi victories in 1940 lead to increased U.S. defense spending
• First peacetime draft enacted—Selective Training and Service Act:– Draftees to serve for 1 year in Western Hemisphere only.
• FDR, Churchill issue Atlantic Charter– Joint declaration of war aims
• Charter is basis of “A Declaration of the United Nations” or Allies
US moving closer to the War
• The Japanese need oil from US, we refused to trade with them
• December 7, 1941 the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. – 2,403 Americans
killed; 1,178 wounded
– Over 300 aircraft, 21 ships destroyed or damaged
Pearl Harbor
US Enters the War • December 8, 1941 US declares war on Japan
• December 11, 1941 Germany declares war on the United States
Home Front during the War• The United States government
stirs patriotic feelings • Movies are used to build morale• Propaganda is used to keep war
effort going• People rationed goods/supplies
and started Victory Gardens• Many factories converted to
make weapons– Nearly 18 million workers
• Over 2 million minorities hired; face strong discrimination at first– A. Philip Randolph, head of
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters– Organizes march on D.C to protest
discrimination in defense industries. • FDR responded with an executive
order banning discrimination in war-time factories (Executive Order 8802)
Factories and Discrimination
• Many Americans were distrusting of Japanese Americans
• Thousands of Japanese Americans were forced into Internment Camps in the Midwest throughout WWII– German and Italian
Americans as well
Internment Camps
US War in the Pacific• In first 6 months after Pearl
Harbor, Japan conquers empire
• Gen. Douglas MacArthur leads Allied forces in Philippines
• March 1942 U.S., Filipino troops trapped on Bataan Peninsula
• FDR orders MacArthur to leave; thousands of troops remain (says he will return)
• Battle of Midway – Won by U.S. after breaking Japanese code. – Sink 4 Japanese Aircraft Carriers. – Battle is fought entirely in the air.– “TURNING POINT” OF THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC!!!
• US begins “Island Hopping” beginning with Guadalcanal– U.S. starts to capture islands closer to Japan
Midway and Guadalcanal
• Iwo Jima critical as base from which planes can reach Japan– 6,000 marines die taking island; of 20,700 Japanese,
200 survive• April 1945 U.S. Marines invade Okinawa– 170,000 Japanese defend island, only 10,000
surrender.– April–June: 7,600 U.S. troops, 110,000 Japanese die
• Allies fear invasion of Japan may mean 1.5 million Allied casualties
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
• Manhattan Project - U.S. develops atomic bomb (started many years earlier)
• 1. US Drops first atomic bomb on Hiroshima
• 2. Soviet Union invades Japan• 3. US Drops second atomic bomb on
Nagasaki• 4. Japan Surrenders
Victory in the Pacific
War in Europe
• Hitler broke the non-aggression pact and invaded the Soviet Union– Germans wanted to obtain the Soviet oil fields
quickly– The Germans were unsuccessful in the winter
months• EX: STALINGRAD
• Allies moved to Italy– Mussolini was overthrown and
moved his government to Northern Italy
• Allies freed Northern Italy– Mussolini was shot and killed
by Italians
War in Europe
D-Day Invasion
• June 6th, 1944 Allies open operation to free France– British and Canadian forces landed on other beaches. – US land on Omaha and Utah beaches
• Landed on the Beaches of Normandy under the command of Dwight D. Eisenhower
• Heavy loss of life but successful in freeing France
Battle of the Bulge• Nazi’s last
offensive attack• Attacked area
between France and Germany
• US soldiers attacked from the rear and defeated the Germans
• Soviet army surrounded Berlin
• Nazis surrendered to Eisenhower
• May 7, 1945: V-E Day• Hitler refuses to surrender
and commits suicide
Victory in Europe
• Hitler’s Final Solution• People effected: –Jews, Poles, Slavs,
Gypsies, homosexuals, disabled, mentally ill–11 million die, over
half are Jews
Holocaust
• February 1945, FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet in Yalta to discuss post-war world
• FDR, Churchill concession: temporarily divide Germany into 4 parts
• Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe; will fight Japan
• FDR gets support for conference to establish United Nations
Yalta Conference
• Occurred from July 17th to August 2nd, 1945• Discussed how to handle punishments for Nazi
Germany – Allowed military administration by US in Germany– De-centralized Nazi economy control
• Conference approved US usage of A-bombs
Potsdam Conference
• Geneva Convention– Set guidelines for POWs
• Nuremberg Trials –– 24 Nazi leaders tried, sentenced– War crimes
• Formation of Israel• Creation of United Nations– Prevent future wars
Other effects of WWII
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