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7/18/2019 wrap up sk2 bms 2
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WRAP UP
“Peserta Asuransi Jiwa”
KELOMPOK B – 15
KETUA : Wisnuarto Sarwono 1102014282
SEKRETARIS: Yurri Kamala 1102014290
ANGGTA : 1! War"#ani $utri $ratiwi 11020142%9
2! Win"a A&"illa!' 1102014280 (! Wira)anto Natan*+ara A 1102014281 4! Yonan"a Al,ino 110201428- .! Yon+/i aala a/urru 110201428% -! Yuli Kurniasari 1102014288 %! Yuliana Wa#)uni 1102014289
'l! 3*t*n"! Surato5 *ma/a $uti#5 'a/arta 10.10
T*l! -2!21!4244.%4 6a7! -2!21!4244.
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DAFTAR II !
a&tar Isi 2S/*nario (
Kata Sulit (ranstormin+ $rol*m (Analisis asala# (;iot*sa 4Sasaran *laar < Learning Object = .3!1! EA;AI AN EN'E3ASKAN GENERA3 EIA3 ;EK U$ .3I!1!1! *ma#ami "an m*n*las/an *n+*rtian G*n*ral *"i>al #*>/ U .3I!1!2! *ma#ami "an m*n*las/an tuuan untu/ m*la/u/an G .3I!1!(! *ma#ami "an m*n*las/an *nis?*nis "ari G*n*ral *"i>al #*>/ .3I!1!4! *ma#ami "an m*n*las/an ros*"ur G*n*ral *"i>al #*>/ U %3I!1!.! *ma#ami "an m*n*las/an /*untun+an "an /*ru+ian m*la/u/an G*n*ral %
*"i>al #*>/ U
3!2! EA;AI AN EN'E3ASKAN $R6I3 3I$I ARA; 83I!2!1! *ma#ami "an m*n*las/an lii" "ara# normal 83I!2!2! *ma#ami "an m*n*las/an lii" "ara# anormal 83I!2!(! *ma#ami "an m*n*las/an stru/tur lii" "ara# 93I!2!4! *ma#ami "an m*n*las/an *n>*+a#an @ *nan+anan lii" "ara# anormal 203I!2!.! *ma#ami "an m*n*las/an m*taolism lii" "ara# 20
3!(! EA;AI AN EN'E3ASKAN $3A ;IU$ SE;AT 2-3I!(!1! *ma#ami "an m*n*las/an #uun+an ola# ra+a "an m*n+atur ola ma/anan 2-
"alam lii" "ara#
3!4! EA;AI AN EN'E3ASKAN AKANAN YANG ;A3A3 ANT;YYIA; ENURUT $ANANGAN IS3A 2-
3I!4!1! *ma#ami "an m*n*las/an *n+*rtian ma/anan )an+ #alal "an t#o))ia# 2-3I!4!2! *ma#ami "an m*n*las/an "alil t*ntan+ ma/anan )an+ #alal "an t#o))ia# 2%3I!4!(! *ma#ami "an m*n*las/an s)arat ma/anan )an+ #alal "an t#o))ia# 28
K*simulan 28
a&tar $usta/a 29
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SKENARI$*s*rta Asuransi 'iwa
aa/ 6ulan5 48 ta#un *r*n>ana a/an m*na"i nasaa# suatu *rusa#aan asuransi
iwa multinasional! $*rusa#aan asuransi m*wai/ann)a untu/ m*n+i/uti G*n*ral *"i>al
#*>/ U! ari #asil *m*ri/saan "i/*ta#ui5 s*>ara umum /*s*#atan aa/ 6ulan ai/ /*>uali nilai ro&il lii" "ara# )an+ *ra"a "i atas normal! o/t*r m*n)aran/an a+ar aa/ 6ulan rain *rola# ra+a5 m*n+atur ola ma/an "an m*n+/onsumsi ma/anan )an+ #ala# "ant#o))ia#!
KATA SU3IT
1! G*n*ral *"i>al #*>/ U : $ro+ram *m*ri/saan /*s*#atan )an+ *rtuuan untu/ m*n+*ta#ui /on"isi /*s*#atan s*rta m*n"ia+nosis "an m*n"*t*/si "ini +*ala )an+ "it*mu/an!
2! Nilai ro&il lii" "ara# : T*s "ara# untu/ m*n+u/ur /ol*st*rol total ;35 335 "an Tri+lis*rol!
(! ;alal "an To))ia# : a/anan )an+ i/a "ima/an5 m*n"atan+/an /*ai/an!4! $ola ma/an : ara m*n+/onsumsi ma/anan "*n+an ai/!.! $*rusa#aan Asuransi 'iwa : $*rusa#aan )an+ m*n+urus t*ntan+ /*s*#atan!
RAINSTRING $R3E
1! Aa saa #a"ist "an Al?BurCan )an+ m*ma#as t*ntan+ ma/anan )an+ #alal "anTo))ia#D
2! a+aimana >ara m*m*ri/sa nilai ro&il lii" "ara#D(! Aa )an+ "ima/su" "*n+an lii"D4! Aa saa *n)a/it )an+ isa t*r"*t*/si "alam GD.! Aa saa ran+/aian *m*ri/saan GD-! Aa s)arat "ari GD%! a+aimana nilai ro&il lii" "aat "i/ata/an normal @ anormalD8! Aa/a# alasan "ila/sana/ann)a GD9! a+aimana *nan+anan a"a nilai ro&il lii" "ara# )an+ tin++iD10! Aa saa r*si/o )an+ "i#a"ai i/a ti"a/ m*la/u/an GD
11! Aa saa )an+ t*rmasu/ ma/anan #alal @ to))ia#D12! a+aimana ola ma/an )an+ ai/D
ANA3ISIS ASA3A;
1. Al?ai"a# a)at (Al?ai"a# a)at 88Al?aara# a)at 1-8Aasa a)at 24
2. */ "ara#
3. 3ii" a"ala# /*lomo/ mol*/ul or+ani/ #*t*ro+*n )an+ ti"a/ larut "alam air5 atau#i"ro&oi/5 )an+ "aat "i */strasi "ari arin+an ol*# *larut non olar!
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4. Yan+ t*rmasu/ *n)a/it "*+*n*rati&! S**rti t*/anan "ara# tin++i5stro/*5 "ia*t*s5/an/*r5 /*lainan a"a li,*r "an antun+!
5. Ran+/aian *m*ri/saan G )aitu? Anamn*sis? $*m*ri/saan &isi/ : *m*ri/saan t*/anan "ara#5 "*n)ut na"i5 &r*/u*nsi *rna&asan5
"an su#u a"an!? $*m*ri/saan lanutan : >*/ "ara# rutin5 ront+*n <335 Kol*st*rol5 ;35 TG=? Konsultasi "o/t*r
6. S)arat "ari G : #arus *ruasa s*/itar 8?10 am5 istira#at (0 m*nit s**lum G5ti"a/ a"a /*+iatan &isi/ s**lum G 5 usia "iatas 2. ta#un!
7. $a"a a)i : 90?1(0 +F"l$a"a ana/?ana/ 1(0?1%0 +F"l$a"a "*wasa 200 +F"l
8. *mantu m*n"*t*/si "ini a"an)a *n)a/it "alam tuu#5 ai/ "ari +a)a #i"u5 olama/an atau &a/tor +*n*ti/!
9. *rola#ra+a5 m*n+atur ola ma/an5 "an ma/an? ma/anan )an+ #alal "an to))ia#!10. R*si/o : ti"a/ isa m*n+*ta#ui *n)a/it s*>ara "ini5 ia)a *n+oatan a/an
l*i# ma#al5 a/an l*i# lanut m*n)*a/an /*matian!11. ? i"aat "*n+an >ara )an+ #alal5 u/an an+/ai5 #*wan uas )an+ *rtarin+5
"an ai!?imulai "*n+an m*n+u>a/an ismilla#?a/anan )an+ ti"a/ m*n)*a/an /*mu"#aratan tuu#!
12! s*suai "*n+an an+/a /*>u/uan +ii <AKG= s*tia oran+ m*mutu#/an /uran+ l*i#2000 /aloriF#ari untu/ m*la/u/an a/ti&itas s*#ari?#ari!
;I$TESAG*n*ral *"i>al #*>/ U a"ala# ro+ram *m*ri/saan )an+ *rtuuan untu/
m*n+*ta#ui /on"isi /*s*#atan s*rta m*n"ia+nosis "an m*n"*t*/si "ini +*ala )an+"it*mu/an! Sala# satu tuuann)a untu/ m*n+*ta#ui nilai ro&il lii" "ara#! S)aratn)a *rua"iatas umur 2. ta#un5*ruasa 10 am s**lum m*la/u/an *m*ri/saan "an *ristira#at )an+>u/u! 'i/a #asil *m*ri/saan G m*nunu//an nilai ro&il lii" "ara# anormal5 ma/a"isaran/an a+ar asi*n *rola#ra+a s*>ara t*ratur "an m*n+atur ola ma/an!
SASARAN E3A'AR
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3!1! EA;AI AN EN'E3ASKAN GENERA3 EIA3 ;EK U$1!1 $*n+*rtian G*n*ral *"i>al #*>/ UG <General Medical Check Up= m*rua/an *m*ri/saan minimal l*n+/a5 )an+ #arus
"ila/u/an untu/ m*n+*ta#ui a"a ti"a/n)a /*lainan atau *n)a/it! G*n*ral m*"i>al #*>/ U
sala# satu >ara /ita m*na+a /*s*#atan "iri "an m*rua/an sala# satu in,*stasi "alam #al/*s*#atan!*nurut w*sit* Ruma# Sa/it *"istra5 +*n*ral m*"i>al >#*>/ u a"ala# r*,*nsi )an+
"aat "ila/u/an untu/ m*n+#in"ari /*/*>*waan "an /*ru+ian )an+"is*a/an ol*# +an++uan/*s*#atan )an+ m*n"a"a/!
S*"an+/an m*nurut w*sit* ro"ia5 +*n*ral m*"i>al >#*>/ u a"ala# *m*ri/saanminimal l*n+/a5 )an+ #arus "ila/u/an untu/ m*n+*ta#ui a"a ti"a/n)a /*lainan atau
*n)a/it!
1!2 Tuuan untu/ m*la/u/an Ga aat m*n+*ta#ui status /*s*#atan aaila a"a *n)a/it )an+ "aat "i "*t*/si
s*"ini mun+/in!
isa untu/ m*mantau *ralanan *n)a/it )an+ "i"*rita asi*n!
> *n>*+a# timuln)a *n)a/it "an /omli/asi!
" *n+atasi *n)a/it s*"ini mun+/in
* *m*ranan+ usia #araan #i"u "an m*n+#*mat ia)a *n+oatan!
**raa *n)a/it masa /ini )an+ an)a/ "iumai "an ot*nsi m*ma#a)a/an"aat "i"*t*/"i "*n+an GS "iantaran)a )aitu :a! ;i*rt*nsi <T*/anan ara# Tin++i=
! ia*t*s *litus <=
>! ;i*rlii"*mia
"! ;i*ruru>*mia <$*n)a/it R*mati/ Asam UratFGout=
*! $*n)a/it ara# <An*mia "an 3*u/*mia=
&! $*n)a/it ;ati "an Kan"un+an Em*"u <;*atitis5 Sirosis ;ati5 Kan/*r #ati5 ll=
+! $*n)a/it Ginal <In&*/si5K*o>oran "an Ga+al Ginal=
#! $*n)a/it $aru <T5In&*/si lain "an Tumor=
1!( '*nis '*nis "ari +*n*ral *"i>al #*>/ U
1 $an*l >#*>/ u
Untu/ m*n+*ta#ui /*a"aan m*taolism* tuu# "an m*n"*t*/si /*lainan a"am*taolism* tuu#! onto# : #*matolo+i rutin5 >*/ urin* rutin5 &*s*s rutin5 iliruin total!
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2 $an*l ui sarin+ an*mia*n"*t*/si /*mun+/inam a"an)a /*/uran+an s*l "ara# m*ra# "alam tuu#
<an*mia=! onto# : *m*ri/saan #*mo+loin5 *ritrosit5 #ausan "ara# t*i5 r*ti/ulosit!
( $an*l r*si/o tromosis <+*n*ti/=*n"*/t*/si a"an)a /*lainan #*r*"it*r atau awaan )an+ "aatm*n+a/iat/an +an++uan atau m*nin+/at/an r*si/o t*ra"in)a +an++uan!Tromosis :&a/tor *m*/u "ara# )+ "t m*nin+/at/an r*si/o *n)a/it antun+! onto# :
*m*ri/saan rot*in 5 rot*in S5 &irino+*n! T*r"aat u+a tromosis <"aatan= )an+ isa m*n+a/iat/an /*+u+uran! onto# : *m*ri/saan 33 total5 tri+lis*ri"a5/ol*strol total5 ;3 total!
4 $an*l "ia*t*s m*litusUntu/ m*n+*ta#ui asi*n m*n+i"a *n)a/it "ia*t*s atau ti"a/ s*rta
m*n+*>*/ /*atu#an *n"*rita "alam m*nalan/an t*rai! onto#: *m*ri/saan uasa
+lu/osa5 urin*5 /ol*st*rol ;35 335 "an Tri+lis*ri"a
. $an*l r*si/o *n)a/it antun+ /oron*r *n"*t*/si r*si/o t*r/*na *n)a/it antun+ /oron*r! onto#: *m*ri/saan
/ol*st*rol total ;3 "an 33!
- $an*l ammorn#*a*masti/an *n)*a in&*rtilitas wanita 5 /*lainan a"a or+an r*ro"u/si
onto#: asmir 5 USG5 mono+ra&i!
% $an*l /*suuran la/i?la/i*masti/an *n)*a in&*rtilisasi ria5 "an m*n"*t*/si i/a a"a /*lainan a"a
&isiolo+i or+an r*ro"u/sin)a! onto#: *m*ri/saan #ormon 3;5 6S;5 rola>tin5t*stost*ron!
8 $an*l ui sarin+ tumor *n"*t*/si a"an)a **si/o t*r/*na *n)a/it /an/*r t*rt*ntu! onto#:
*m*ri/saan A6$5 ; s*si&i/5 /an/*r rostat ria5 /an/*r s*r,i/s wanita!
9 $an*l ui sarin+ al*r+i*n"*t*/si /*mun+/inan a"an)a al*r+i! onto# : *m*ri/saan i+E total5
umla# *osino&il5 &*s*s rutin!10 $*m*ri/saan Urin* Rutin
$*m*ri/saan ini "aat m*n"ia+nosis /*lainan +inal t*rmasu/ in&*/si saluran/*mi#5 s*rta *n)a/it m*taoli> atau sist*mi/! $*m*ri/saan ini m*liuti /imia <*rat
*nis5 ;5 l*u/osit *st*ras*5 nitrit5 alumin5 +lu/osa5 /*ton5iliruin5"ara#=5ma/sros/ois <*ritrosit5 l*u/osit5 slin"*r5 *it*l s*l5 a/t*ri5 /ristal=5 "an ma/ros/ois<warna "an /*r*rni#an=!
11 $*m*ri/saan 6*s*s Rutin$*m*ri/saan ini iasan)a m*n"ia+nosis a"an)a *n)a/it /*lainan a"a tra/tus
+astroint*stinal s**rti "iar*5in&*/si arasit*5 *n"ara#an +asntoint*stinal5 ul/us *ti/um5 /arsinoma "an sin"roma malasorsi! $*m*ri/saan ini m*liuti /imia
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<$*m*ri/saan "ara#5 uroilin5uroilino+*n5 "an iliruin=5 mi/ros/ois <*m*ri/saan i/a a"an)a rotooa5 t*lur >a>in+5l*u/osit5*ritrosit5*it*l Kristal5 ma/ro&a+5 s*l ra+i5"an amur=5 ma/ros/ois <umla#5 warna5 au5 l*n"*r5nana#5 "an i/a a"an)a sisama/anan=!
12 $*m*ri/saan ara# 3*n+/a$*m*ri/saan ini iasan)a "isaran/an /*a"a asi*n )an+ "atin+ /* suatuRuma# Sa/it )an+ "is*rtai "*n+an "*n+an *n)a/it /linis t*rt*ntu )an+ m*m*rlu/an
*m*ri/saan lanutan!$*m*ri/saan ini *r+una untu/ *nilaian "asar "ari /omon*ns*l "ara#! $*m*ri/saan "ara# l*n+/a m*liuti : $*m*ri/saan #*mo+loin5 #*mato>rit5l*u/osit5 *ritrosit5 in"*/s *ritrosit5 lau *n"a "ara#5 #itun+ *nis l*u/osit5 lat*l*t"istriution wi"t#5 r*" >*ll "istriution wi"t#5 ;*mo+loin5 "an lau *n"a!
1( $*m*ri/saan &aalF&un+si #atiH*liuti: SGT5 SG$T5 /olin*st*ras*5 A6$5 rot*in tuu#!
14 $*m*ri/saan /a"ar +ula*liuti: +ula "ara# uasa5 +ula "ara# wa/tu5 +ula "ara# s*t*la# ma/an5 +ula "ara#2 am s*t*la# uasa5 uasa +lu/osa5 urin5 l*ma/!
1. $*m*ri/saan &aal +inal*liuti: ur*um5 /r*atinin5 asam urat!
1!4 $ros*"ur G*n*ral *"i>al #*>/ U
1 Wawan>ara F anamn*saWawan>ara atau Anamn*sa "ila/u/an untu/ m*n+*ta#ui riwa)at *n)a/its*/aran+5 riwa)at *n)a/it )an+ *rna# "i "*rita s**lumn)a "an riwa)at
*n)a/it "alam /*luar+a!
2 $*m*ri/saan 6isi/
$*mri/saan &isi/ "i la/u/an mulai "ari m*n+*ta#ui ,ital si+n <t*nsi5 na"i5 *rna&asan s*rta su#u tuu#=5 "i lanut/an "*n+an m*m*ri/sa tuu# )an+"ila/u/an s*suai "*n+an ros*"ur &isi/ "ia+nosti>!
(! $*m*ri/saan 3aoratorium
$*m*ri/saan laoratorium "ila/u/an "*n+an tuuan untu/ m*n*ntu/an ro+nosisatau m*mr*"i/si/an *ralanan *n)a/it! $*m*ri/saan laoratorium )an+ *rlu"ila/u/an untu/ G*n*ral *"i>al #*>/ U5 #*matolo+i rutin5 urin* rutin5 &a*>*srutin5 +lu>os* uasa5 ro&il l*ma/5 t*s &un+si #ati5 t*s &un+si #ati5 t*s &un+si +inal"an asam urat!
4! $*m*ri/saan *nunan+ lain s**rti &oto Ront+*n5 EKG5 "ll
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1!. K*untun+n "an /*ru+ian m*la/u/an G*n*ral *"i>al #*>/ U!
*n+an m*la/u/an m*"i>al >#*>/ u s*>ara rutin /*untun+an )an+ "aat /ita "aat/an
s**rti :a! *n"aat/an in&ormasi t*ntan+ /on"isi /*s*#atan /ita saat itu! ! Aaila a"a masala# )an+ "it*mu/an "aat s*+*ra "itan+ani!>! aat m*n>*+a# a+ar /omli/asi atau #al8#al )an+ l*i# *rat ti"a/ t*ra"i"! Kita "aat m*man"in+/an status /*s*#atan /ita s*/aran+ "*n+an s**lumn)a5
aa/a# t*ra"i *nin+/atan atau *nurunan!*! ia #asiln)a normal : #ati s*nan+5 i/iran s*nan+5 tuu# s*ma/in u+ar "an
ro"u/ti,itas m*nin+/at&! ila #asiln)a /*laian : "ia+nosis "aat "i asti/an5 *n+oatan "aat "ila/u/an
"*n+an >*at "an t*at s*+*ra "i atasi
*n+an ti"a/ m*la/u/an *"i>al #*>/ U /*ru+ian )an+ /ita "aat/an a"ala# :? K*lainan )an+ a"a ti"a/ "aat "i/*ta#ui s*>ara "ini!? Saat mun>ul /*lu#an5 *n)a/it t*la# m*n>aai ta#a lanut5 *n+oatan sulit "an
*rlu ia)a l*i# tin++i!
3!2! EA;AI AN EN'E3ASKAN $R6I3 3I$I ARA;2!1 3ii" "ara# normal
Nilai /ol*st*rol "alam "ara# untu/ "*wasa samai "*n+an 200 m+F"l <200 240m+F"l masu/ "alam r*si/o s*"an+5 l*i# "ari 240 m+F"l r*si/o tin++i antun+ /oron*r=5s*"an+/an untu/ a)i 90 1(0 m+F"l "an ana/ 1(0?1%0 m+F"l ! <l*i# "ari 18. m+F"l r*si/o
tin++i=
2!2 3ii" "ara# anormal3*ma/ a"ala# at )an+ /a)a *n*r+i )an+ *r&un+si s*a+ai sum*r *n*r+i utama untu/
ros*s m*taolism* tuu#! ;i*rlii"*mia a"ala# tin++in)a /a"ar l*ma/! Ka"ar l*ma/ )an+anormal "alam sir/ulasi "ara# iasan)a m*n)*a/an r*si/o t*ra"in)a at*ros/l*rosis "an
*n)a/it art*ri /oron*r atau *n)a/it art*ri /arotis! $*n)a/it ini m*nin+/at a"a s*s*oran+)an+ m*mili/i /a"ar /ol*st*rol )an+ tin++i!
A"an)a /a"ar /ol*st*rol )an+ *rl*i# "alam *mulu# "ara# a/an m*muat*n"aanFl*m*n+an )an+ a/an m*m*rs*mit atau m*n)umat *mulu# "ara#! $*nin+/atan
/ol*st*rol u+a "aat m*n)*a/an at*ros/l*rosis! Untu/ nilai /ol*st*rol untu/ "*wasam*l*i#i 240 m+F"l ma/a a/an t*r/*na r*si/o tin++i *n)a/it antun+ /oron*r5 *+ituun"*n+an nilai ;3 i/a *r*muan "an la/i?la/i /uran+ "ari (. m+F"l ma/a a/an t*r/*nar*si/o tin++i *n)a/it antun+ /oron*r5
islii"*mia )aitu /a"ar l*ma/ )an+ anormal5 )an+ "itan"ai "*n+an *nin+/atan /a"ar /ol*st*rol total5 tri+lis*ri"a5 /ol*st*rol 335 *nurunan /a"ar /ol*st*rol ;3 m*rua/anawal t*ra"in)a la/ at*ros/l*rosis! 33 m*rua/an /ol*st*rol a#at /ar*na "aat m*n)usu/* "in"in+ *mulu# "ara# )an+ m*n)*a/an t*ra"in)a la/! Gu+uran la/ at*ros/l*rosism*nin++al/an lu/a a"a "in"in+ *mulu# "ara#5 s*#in++a untu/ m*nutu lu/a itu5&irino+*n #arus "iua# m*na"i *nan+?*nan+ &irin! $*nin+/atan /a"ar &irino+*nm*rua/an sala# satu &a/tor r*si/o stro/* "an *n)a/it antun+ /oron*r!
Ka"ar tri+lis*ri"a )an+ san+at tin++i samai 800 m+F"l atau l*i# isa m*n)*a/an *m*saran #ati "an lima!
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6a/tor lain )an+ m*n)*a/an tin++in)a /a"ar l*ma/ :• Riwa)at /*luar+a "*n+an #i*rlii"*mia• i*t /a)a l*ma/ • Kuran+ m*la/u/an ola#ra+a• *n+/onsumsi al>o#ol• *ro/o/ • ia*t*s )an+ ti"a/ t*r/ontrol "*n+an ai/
2!( Stru/tur 3ii" ara#
3ii" a"ala# s*n)awa or+ani/ )an+ "i*rol*# "ari ros*s "*#i"ro+*nasi *n"ot*rmalran+/aian #i"ro/aron! 3ii" *rsi&at am&i&ili/5 artin)a lii" mamu m*m*ntu/ stru/tur s**rti ,*si/*l5 liosom5 atau m*mran lain "alam lin+/un+an asa#! 3ii" iolo+iss*luru#n)a atau s*a+iann)a *rasal "ari "ua *nis susatuan atau Jlo/ an+unanJ
io/imia: +u+us /*toasil "an +u+us isor*na! *n+an m*n++una/an *n"*/atan ini5 lii""aat "ia+i /* "alam "*laan /at*+ori: asil l*ma/5 +lis*rolii"5 +lis*ro&os&olii"5s&in+olii"5 sa/arolii"5 "an oli/*ti"a <"iturun/an "ari /on"*nsasi susatuan /*toasil=s*rta lii" st*rol "an lii" r*nol <"iturun/an "ari /on"*nsasi susatuan isor*na=!
*s/iun istila# lii" /a"an+?/a"an+ "i+una/an s*a+ai sinonim "ari l*ma/! 3ii" u+a m*liuti mol*/ul?mol*/ul s**rti asam l*ma/ "an turunan?turunann)a<t*rmasu/ tri?5 "i?5"an mono+lis*ri"a "an &os&olii"5 u+a m*taolit )an+ m*n+an"un+ st*rols**rti /ol*st*rol!
*s/iun manusia "an mamalia m*mili/i m*taolism* untu/ m*m*>a# "anm*m*ntu/ lii"5 **raa lii" ti"a/ "aat "i#asil/an m*lalui >ara ini "an #arus "i*rol*#m*lalui ma/anan!
?$*n+*rtian 3ii" "an Klasi&i/asi 3ii"
Istila# lii"a m*liuti s*n)awa?s*n)awa #*t*ro+*n5 t*rmasu/ l*ma/ "an min)a/ )an+umum "i/*nal "i "alam ma/anan5 malam5 &os&olii"a5 st*rol "an i/atan lain s**nis )an+
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t*r"aat "i "alam ma/anan "an tuu# manusia! 3ii"a m*mun)ai si&at )an+ sama5 )aitularut "alam *larut nonolar s**rti *tanol5*t*r5 /loro&orm "an *nana! S*>ara umum lii"a"aat "ia+i "alam **raa /*lom/ )aitu:
A!3ii" S*"*r#ana
Tri+lis*ri"a Tri+lis*ri"a <atau l*i# t*atn)a triasil+lis*rol atau triasil+lis*ri"a= a"ala# s*ua#+lis*ri"a5 )aitu *st*r "ari +lis*rol "an ti+a asam l*ma/ !
1!3ilinFalam
3ilin a"ala# s*n)awa )an+ t*r*ntu/ "ari *st*r asam l*ma/ "*n+an al/o#ol u/an+lis*rol! $a"a umumn)a asam l*ma/n)a a"ala# almitat "an al/o#oln)a m*mun)ai atom s*an)a/ 2-?(4! >onto#n)a a"ala# mirisil almitat! <Su#arsono arto#arsono5 .(=!
$a"a umun)a malam m*rua/an *st*r asam l*ma# "*n+an al/o#ol alli&ati/ *rmol*/ul *sar5 "an asamn)a m*mun)ai umla# /aron *r/isar antara 2. samai (.!
<$urwo Arianto5 .4='i/a m*li#at "*&inisi ini ma/a "aat "i/ata/an a#wa ros*s t*ra"in)a lilin a"ala#
m*rua/an suatu ros*s *st*ri&i/asi antara asam l*ma/ "an al/o#ol *rantai anan+!
2! 3*ma/ T*r*ntu/ "ari asam l*ma/ "*n+an +lis*rol!
! 3ii" Koml*/s3ii" /oml*/s a"ala# /ominasi antara lii" "*n+an mol*/ul lain! 'i/a m*li#at
"*&inisi ini ma/a lii" /oml*/s "aat "i/*lomo/an m*na"i:a" F#s$#%i&
6os&olii" a"ala# lii" )an+ m*n+an"un+ +u+us *st*r &os&at!
1. Glisero fosfolipid
1. Asam fosfatidat dan fosfatidilgliserol
$*ntin+ s*a+ai *rantara "alam sint*sis triasil+lis*rol "an &os&olii"5 "it*mu/ans*"i/it "alam arin+an!
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2. Fosfatidilkolin lesitin!
3*sitin m*n+an"un+ asam l*ma/5 +lis*rol5 asam &os&at "an /olin! 3*sitin t*rs*ar luas"alam s*l?s*l tuu# "an m*mun)ai tu+as m*taoli/ "an stru/tur misal "alam m*mran!ialmitil l*sitin a"ala# at )an+ san+at *&*/ti& untu/ m*n>*+a# *rl*n+/*tan *rmu/aan
"alam aru?aru )an+ "is*a/an t*+an+an *rmu/aan! Ti"a/ a"an)a "ialmitil l*sitin a"a aru?aru a)i r*matur m*n)*a/an +an++uan *rna&asan!
". Fosfatidiletanolamin sefalin!
S*&alin *r*"a "ari l*sitin #an)a a"a *n++antian /olin ol*# *tanolamin!
4! Fosfatidilinositol
.! Fosfatidilserin
6os&ati"ils*rin m*n+an"un+ asam amino s*rin5 s*a+ai *n++anti *tanolamin!
#. Lisofosfolipid
A"ala# &os&oasil+lis*rol )an+ m*n+an"un+ #an)a satu ra"i/al asil5 misaln)a lisol*sitin!
$. %lasmalogen
S*n)awa ini m*rua/an 10L &os&olii" ota/ "an otot! S*>ara stru/tural lasmalo+*n
m*n)amai &os&ati"il*tanolamin t*tai m*mun)ai i/atan *t*r a"a osisi /aron 1 s*a+ai *n++anti i/atan *st*r! Ra"i/al al/il m*rua/an al/o#ol ti"a/ *nu#!
2. Sfingofosfolipid
1! &fingomielin
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S&in+omi*lin "it*mu/an "alam umla# *sar "alam ota/ "an arin+an s)ara&! $a"a#i"rolisis s&in+omi*lin m*n+#asil/an asam l*ma/5 asam &os&at5 /olin "an amino al/o#ol/oml*/s )aitu s&in+osin!Ti"a/ t*r"aat +lis*rol! Kominasi s&in+osin "an asam l*ma/ "is*ut s*rami"a5 stru/tur )an+ u+a "it*mu/an a"a +li/olii"!
'" (%i)#%i*i&
Gli/olii" iala# mol*/ul mol*/ul lii" )an+ m*n+an"un+ /aro#i"rat5 iasan)a ulas*"*r#ana s**rti +ala/tosa atau +lu/osa! A/an t*tai istila# istila# +li/olii" iasan)a"ia/ai untu/ lii" )an+ m*n+an"un+ satuan +ula t*tai ti"a/ m*n+an"un+ &os&or! Gli/olii"
"aat "iturun/an "ari +lis*rol atau in+osin* "an s*rin+ "ima/an +lis*ri"a atau s*a+aisin+olii"a!
+" Li*#*r#tein
3iorot*in m*rua/an +aun+an mol*/ul +lis*ri"a "an rot*in )an+ "isint*sis "i"alam #ati! S**r*mat samai s**rti+a a+ian "ari liorot*in a"ala# rot*in "ans*l*i#n)a a"ala# lii"a! 3iorot*in m*mun)ai &un+si m*n+an+/ut lii"a "i "alam lasma/* arin+an?arin+an )an+ m*mutu#/ann)a s*a+ai sum*r *n*r+)5 s*a+ai /omon*nm*mran* s*l atau s*a+ai r*/ursorm*taolit a/ti&!
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Pen+ernaan, A's#r*si, Trans*#rtasi, &an Meta'#%is-e Li*i&
S*a+ian *sar l*ma/ a"a ma/anan )an+ t*r"iri "ari tri+lis*ri"aF tri+lis*rol #arus
"i*>a# t*rl*i# "a#ulu untu/ m*m*rmu"a# ros*s r*asorsi "alam tuu#! $a"a s*a+ian
oran+ "*wasa l*ma/ "aat "i>*rna s*>ara *&isi*n #in++a 9.L "ari )an+ "i/onsumsi! 3*ma/
)an+ ti"a/ *rmuatan listri/ s*#in++a *rsi&at n*tral "an #i"ri&oi/! ila "i>amur "*n+an
air5 l*ma/ a/an m*misa#!
$a"a *nim5 s*ali/n)a m*mun)ai a+ian?a+ian )an+ *rmuatan ositi& "an
n*+ati,*! l*# /ar*na itu *nim *rsi&at #i"ro&ili/5 )aitu "aat *r>amur ai/ "*n+an air
)an+ *rsi&at olar! A+ar l*ma/ "aat *r>amur ai/ "*n+an air5 "an *nim "aat */*ra
untu/ m*n>*rna l*ma/5 t*rl*i# "a#ulu #arus m*n+alami ros*s *mulsi&i/asi!
Emulsi&i/asi a"ala# ros*s "imana t*ra"i *n+i/atan l*ma/ ol*# +aram *m*"u
s*#in++a nantin)a "alam *ntu/ *mulsi ini "aat m*m*rmu"a# ros*s *n)*raan "an
*n>*rnaannn)a! Emulsi l*ma/ t*ra"i "i "alam usus #alus "*n+an antuan +aram *m*"u!
$a"a wa/tu l*ma/ m*masu/i usus #alus5 #ormon* /ol*sito/inin m*m*ri is)arat /*a"a
/anton+ *m*"u untu/ m*n+*luar/an >airan *m*"u! airan *m*"u t*r"aat s*a+ai asam
*m*"u "an +aram *m*"u! Asam *m*"u "iuat ol*# #ati "ari /ol*st*rol untu/ /*mu"ian
"isiman "i "alam /antun+ *m*"u #in++a saat "i*rlu/an! $a"a sala# satu uun+ mol*/ul
asam *m*"u t*r"aat rantai samin+ )an+ t*r"iri atas asam amino )an+ m*nari/ air5
s*"an+/an a"a uun+ lainn)a t*r"aat st*rol )an+ m*nari/ l*ma/!
*mi/ianla# asam *m*"u "aat m*nari/ mol*/ul l*ma/ )an+ su"a# "i*>a#
m*na"i a+ian?a+ian /*>il ini /* "alam >airan tuu#! Enim lias* )an+ *rsal "ari "in"in+
usus #alus "an an>r*as /*mu"ian m*n>rna/an l*ma/ "alam *ntu/ *mulsi ini!
$*n>*rnaan l*ma/ <tri+lis*ri"a= s*a+ian *sar "ila/u/an "u "alam usus #alus! Enim
utama )an+ *r*ran "alam *n>*rnaan l*ma/ ini a"ala# *nim lias*! 3ias* s*a+ian *sar
"i*ntu/ ol*# an>r*as "an s*l*i#n)a ol*# "i"n"in+ usus #alus! ;amir s*aro "ari
tri+lis*ri"a *rasal "ari ma/anan "i#i"rolisis s*>ara s*murna ol*# *nim ini m*na"i asaml*ma/ "an +lis*rol! S*l*i#n)a "i*>a# m*na"i "i+lis*ri"a5 mono"i+lis*ri"a "an asam l*ma/!
6os&olii" "i>*rna/an ol*# *nim &os&olias* )an+ "i/*luar/an ol*# an>r*as "*n+an >ara
)an+ sama! ;asil *n>*rnaan ini a"ala# "ua asam l*ma/ "an liso&os&o+lis*ri"! Est*r
/ol*st*rol "i#i"rolisis ol*# *nim /ol*st*rol *st*ras* )an+ "i/*luar/an ol*# an>r*as!
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Te'e% rin.)asan *r#ses *en+ernaan %i*i&
No Saluran $*n>*rnaan $ros*s *n>*rnaan1 ulut *n+un)a#5 m*n>amur "*n+anair lu"a# "an "it*lan! K*l*nar
lu"a# m*n+*luar/an *nim lias* lin+ual
2 Eso#a+us Ti"a/ a"a *n>*rnaan( 3amun+ 3ias* lin+ual "alm umla# t*ratas m*mulai #i"rlolisis
tri+lis*ri"a m*na"i "i+lis*ri"a "an asam l*ma/! 3*ma/ susu
l*i# an)a/ "i#i"rolisis! 3ias* lamun+ m*n+#i"rolisis
"alam umla# t*ratas!4 Usus #alus a#an *m*"u m*n+*mulsi l*ma/! 3ias* *rasal "ari an>r*as
"an "in"in+ usus #alus m*n+#i"rolisis l*ma/ "alam *ntu/
*mulsi m*na"i "i+lis*ri"a5 mono+lis*ri"a5 +lis*rol "an asam
l*ma/! 6os&olias* *rasal "ari an>r*as m*n+#i"rolisis
&os&olii"a m*na"i asam l*ma/ "an liso&o+lis*ri"a! Kol*st*rol
st*ras* *rasal "ari an>r*as m*n+#i"rolisis *st*r /ol*st*rol!. Usu *sar S*"i/it l*ma/ "an /ol*st*rol )an+ t*r/urun+ "alam s*rat
ma/anan5 "i/*luar/an m*lalui &*s*s!
Asorsi "an transortasi l*ma/! Asorsi lii"a t*rutama t*ra"i "alam *unum5
#asil *n>*rnaan lii"a "iasorsi "alam m*mran* mu/osa usus #alus "*n+an >ara "i&usi
asi&! $*r*"aan /ons*ntrasi "i*rol*# "*n+an >ara :
1 K*#a"iran rot*in *n+i/at asam l*ma/ )an+ s*+*ra m*n+i/at asam l*ma/ )an+
m*masu/i s*l!
2 Est*ri&i/asi /*mali asam l*ma/ m*na"i mono+lis*ri"a5 )aitu ro"u/ utama
*n>>*rnaan )an+ m*lintasi mu/osa usus #alus! S**lum "iasorsi /ol*st*rol
m*n+alami *st*ri&i/asi /*mali "i/atalis ol*# as*til?Ko*nim A "an /ol*st*rol
as*tiltrans&*ras*! $*m*ntu/an *nim?*nim ini "i*n+aru#i ol*# /ons*ntrasi tin++i/ol*st*rol ma/anan!
S*a+ian *sar #asil *n>*rnaan l*ma/ *rua mono+lis*ri"a "an asam l*ma/ rantai
anan+ <12 atau l*i#= "i"alam m*mran* mu/osa usu "iua# /*mali m*na"i tri+lis*ri"a!
Asam l*ma/ rantai *n"*/ "an s*"an+ "iasorsi lan+sun+ /* "alam ,*na orta "an "iawa
/* #ati untu/ s*+*ra "io/si"asi!ol*# /ar*ana itu asam?asam l*ma/ ini ti"a/ m*m*n+aru#i
/a"ar l*ma/ lasma "an ti"a/ "isiman "alam arin+an!
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Tri+lis*ri"a "an lii"a *sar lainn)a </ol*st*rol "an &os&olii"= )an+ t*r*ntu/ "i "alam
usus #alus "i/*mas untu/ "iasorsi s*>ara a/ti& "an "itransortasi ol*# "ara#! a#an
a#an ini *r+aun+ "*n+an rot*in?rot*in /#usus "an m*m*ntu/ alat an+/ut lii" )an+
"inama/an liorot*in!
Tuu# m*m*ntu/ *mat *nis liorot*in )aitu :
1"Ki%#-i)r#n
Kilomi/oron a"ala# liorot*in alin+ *sar "an m*mun)ai "*nsitas alin+ r*n"a#
/ilomi/ron m*n+an+/ut lii"a *rasal ma/anan "ari saluran >*rna /* s*luru# tumu#! 3ii"a
)an+ "ian+/ut t*rutama tri+lis*ri"a!
/asi% *en+e-aran %i*i& A's#rsi
Gris*rolAsam l*ma/ rantai *n"*/ is*ra lan+sun+ /* "alam "ara#Asam l*ma/ rantai m*n*n+a#
Asam l*ma/ rantai anan+ iua# m*na"i tris+lis*ri"aono+lis*ri"a "i "alam s*l?s*l usus #alus
Tri+lis*rial *m*ntu/ /ilomi/ron5 masu/ Kol*strol /* "alam lim&*5 /*mu"ian /*
6os&olii"a "alam aliran "ara#
Kilomi/ron m*rua/an t*t*san *sar lii"a *rua tri+lis*ri"a5 "an &os&olii"a "*n+an
s*"i/it rot*in <t*rutama *rua aoliorot*in A "an = )an+ m*m*ntu/ s*laut a"a
*rmu/aann)a! S*laut "i s*/*lilin+ /ilomi/ron ini m*mun+/in/an lii"a "i "alamn)a
m*n+*man+ s*>ara *as "i "alam aliran "ara#!
Kilomi/ron a"a "asarn)a m*n+*mulsi l*ma/ s**lum masu/ /* "alam aliran "ara#!
$ros*s ini s**rti /*+iatan l*sitin "an asam l*ma/ "alam usus #alus "alam ua)a
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m*n+*mulasi l*ma/ ma/anan s*lama *n>*rnaan! $*r*"aann)a a"ala# a#wa "alam
*n>*rnaan )an+ m*n+*lilin+i t*t*san l*ma/ a"ala# air5 s*"an+/an a"a /ilomi/ron5 l*ma/
"i/*lilin+i ol*# rot*in5 /ol*st*rol5 "an &os&olii"a!
alam aliran "ara# tri+lis*ri"a )an+ a"a a"a /ilomi/ron "i*>a# m*na"i +lis*rol
"an asam l*ma/ *as ol*# *nim liorot*in! S*a+ian *sar asam l*ma/ )an+ t*r*ntu/ "i
"alam tuu# "iasorsi ol*# s*l?s*l otot5 l*ma/ "an s*l ? s*l lain! Asam l*ma/ ini "aat
lan+sun+ "i+una/an s*a+ai at *n*r+) atau "iua# /*mali m*na"i tri+lis*ri"a! S*l?s*l otot
>*n"*run+ m*n++una/ann)a s*a+ai at *n*r+)5 s*"an+/an s*l l*ma/ m*n)imann)a s*a+ai
tri+lis*ri"a!
2.Very low density lipoprotein <M33=
i "alam #ati lii"a "i*rsia/an m*na"i liorot*in s*#in++a "aat "ian+/ut
m*lalui aliran "ara#! 3iorot*in )an+ "i*ntu/ "alam #ati ini a"ala# M335 )aitu
liorot*in "*n+an "*nsitas san+at r*n"a# )an+ t*rutama t*r"iri atas tri+lis*ri"a! ila M33
m*nin++al/an #ati5 liorot*in lias* /*mali */*ra "*n+an m*m*>a# tri+lis*ri"a )an+ a"a
a"a M33! M33 /*mu"ian m*n+an/at /ol*st*rol )an+ a"a a"a liorot*in lain "alam
sir/ulasi "ara#! *n+an *r/uran+n)a tri+lis*ri"a5 M33 *rtama# *rat "an m*na"i 33
< Lo' (ensit) Lipoprotein=5 )aitu liorot*in "*n+an "*nsitas r*n"a#!
3.Low Density Lipoprotein <33=
33 )an+ t*rutama t*r"iri atas /ol*st*rol *rsil/ulasi "alam tuu# "an "iawa /* s*l?
s*l otot5 l*ma/5 "an s*l?s*l lain)a! Tri+lis*ri"a a/an "i*rla/u/an sama "*n+an )an+ t*ra"i
a"a /ilomi/ron "an M33! Kol*st*rol "an &os&olii"a a/an "i+una/a untu/ m*muat
m*mran* s*l5 #ormon*?#ormon atau i/atan lain5 atau "isiman! R*s*tor 33 )an+ a"a "i
"alam #ati a/an m*n+*luar/an 33 "ari sir/ulasi!
$*m*ntu/an 33 ol*# r*s*tor 33 ini *ntin+ "alam *n+ontrolan /ol*st*rol"ara#! isamin+ itu "alam *mulu# "ara# t*r"aat s*l?s*l !*rusa/ )an+ "aat m*rusa/
33! *lalui alur s*l?s*l *rusa/ ini < sca*enger path'a)= mol*/ul 33 "io/si"asi5
s*#in++a ti"a/ "aat masu/ /*mali /* "alam aliran "ara#! Kol*st*rol )an+ an)a/ t*r"aat
"alam 33 a/an m*numou/ a"a s*l?s*l *rusa/! ila #al ini t*ra"i s*lama *rta#un?ta#un5
/ol*st*rol a/an m*numu/ a"a "in"in+ *mulu# "ara# "an m*m*ntu/ plak ! $la/ a/an
*r>amur "*n+an rot*in "an "itutu ol*# s*l?s*l otot "an /alsium! ;al inila# )an+
/*mu"ian "aat *r/*man+ m*na"i aterosklerosis! $*n+atur utama /a"ar /ol*st*rol "alam"ara# a"ala# #ati5 /ar*na s*a+ian *sar <.0?%0 L= r*s*tor 33 t*r"aat "i"alam #ati!
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4.High Density Lipoprotein <;3=
ila s*l?s*l l*ma/ m*m*as/an +lis*rol "an asam l*ma/5 /*mun+/inan /ol*st*rol
"an &os&olii" a/an "i/*mali/an ula /*"alam aliran "ara#! ;ati "an usus #alus a/an
m*mro"u/si ;3 <liorot*in "*n+an "*nsitas tin++i= )an+ masu/ /*"alam aliran "ara#!
;3 m*n)*ra#/an /ol*st*rol /* liorot*in lain untu/ "ian+/ut /*mali /*#ati +una
"i*"ar/an /*mali atau "i/*luar/an "ari tuu#! Nilai 33 "an ;3 m*mun)ai imli/asi
t*r#a"a /*s*#atan antun+ "an *mulu# "ara#! Nilai 33 )an+ tin++i "i/ait/an "*n+a
r*si/o tin++i t*r#a"a s*ran+an antun+! S*ali/n)a ;3 tin++i "i/aita/an "*n+an r*si/o
r*n"a#!
l*# s*a itu5 33 "i/ata/an s*a+ai /ol*st*rol a#atO s*"an+/an ;3 "i/ata/an
/ol*st*rol ai/O! a+ian "alam "ari liorot*in t*r"iri "ari tri+lis*ri"an "an /ol*st*rol )an+
"is*luun+i &os&olii"a! $rot*in *ra"a "i"*/at uun+ luar &os&olii"a m*nutu stru/tur
liorot*in! $*n)usunan mol*/ul )an+ *rsi&at #i"ro&oi/ "ia+ian "alam "an mol*/ul
#o"ro&ili/ "ia+ian luar m*mun+/in/an lii"a "ian+/ut m*lauli >airan "ara#!
Komosisi 3iorot*in
No
!3iorot*in
Tri+lis*ri"a
L
Kol*st*rol
L
6os&olii"a
L
$rot*in
L
1! Kilomi/ron 80?90 2?% (?- 1?22! M33 ..?-. 10?1. 1.?20 .?10(! 33 10 4. 22 2.4! ;3 . 20 (0 4.?.0
? Tuu# m*n+atur /a"ar liorot*in m*lalui **raa >ara:1! *n+uran+i *m*ntu/an liorot*in "an m*n+uran+i umla# liorot*in )an+ masu/ /*"alam "ara#!2! *nin+/at/an atau m*nurun/an /*>*atan *muan+an liorot*in "ari "alam "ara#!
0" Turunan Li*i& Deri2at Li*i&3
*ri,at lii" a"ala# s*mua s*n)awa )an+ "i#asil/an a"a #i"rolisis lii" s*"*r#ana"an lii" ma*mu/ )an+ masi# m*mun)ai si&at?si&at s**rti l*ma/! S*#in++a "*ri,at lii""aat "i/lasi&i/asi/an s*a+ai *ri/ut :
A"Asa- %e-a)
Asam l*ma/ ti"a/ lain a"ala# asam al/anoat atau asam /aro/silat *r"*raat tin++i<rantai l*i# "ari -=! Asam l*ma/ "i*"a/an m*nuru umla# /aron )an+ "i/an"un+n)a)aitu asam l*ma/ rantai *n"*/</uran+ "ari -=5 asam l*ma/ rantai s*"an+ <8?12=5 asam l*ma/
rantai anan+ <14?18= "an rantai san+ant anan+ <l*i# "ari 20=! A"aun rumus umum "ariasam l*ma/ a"ala#:
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;(<;2=n; atau n;2nP1?;
Asam l*ma/ )an+ t*r"iri atas rantai /aron )an+ m*n+in+at s*mua #)"ro+*n )an+"aat "ii/atn)a "inama/an asam lemak jen+h!
Asam l*ma/ )an+ m*n+an"un+ satu atau l*i# i/atan ran+/a "imana "ii/attama#/an "*n+an "*n+an atom #)"ro+*n "is*ut "*n+an asam lemak tidak jen+h! Asaml*ma/ ta/ *nu# )an+ m*n+an"un+ satu i/atan ran+/a "is*ut "*n+an asam lemak tak jen+h
t+nggal ! Asam l*ma/ ta/ *nu# )an+ m*n+an"un+ l*i# "ari satu i/atan ran+/a "is*ut"*n+an asam lemak tak jen+h ganda!
B"Ter*en
T*r*na m*rua/an suatu +olon+an #i"ro/aron )an+ an)a/ "i#asil/an ol*#tumu#an "an t*rutama t*r/an"un+ a"a +*ta# "an ,a/uola s*ln)a! S*n)awa "asar t*r*nm*rua/an satuan . "is*ut isor*n*!
Tal* 1!1 Turunan lii"
7/18/2019 wrap up sk2 bms 2
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0" t
er #i
&
Suatu st*roi" a"ala# s*n)awa )an+ m*n+an"un+ s)st*m >in>in *ri/ut )aitu ti+a>in>in - "an 1 >in>in .! St*roi" )an+ an)a/ t*r"aat "alam /*#i"uan a"ala# st*rol5 suatual/o#ol )an+ *rinti/an *r#i"ro/sisi/lo*ntano &*nantr*n! onto#n)a a"ala# /ol*st*rol )an+
an)a/ t*r"aat "alam ota/5 s)st*m sara&5 m*mran* "an lain?lain! alam tanaman t*r"aat&itost*rol5 misaln)a sti+mast*rol "an sitostrol!i/ost*rol a"ala# st*rol )an+ t*r"aat "alam
amur "an ra+i! isaln)a *l+ost*rol )an+ m*rua/an a#an a/u ,itamin !**raa #ormon r*ro"u/ti& m*rua/an st*roi"5 misaln)a t*stost*ron "an
ro+*st*ron!
'umla#atom
/aron
Nama
Tri,ial Sist*mati/ RumusumumFmol*/ul
2 Asam as*tat Asam inoat ;(<;2=;
4 Asam utirat Asam t*tranoat ;(<;2=2;
- Asam /aroat Asam #*/"anoat ;(<;2=4;
8 Asam /arilat Asam o/tanoat ;(<;2=-;
10 Asam /arat Asam "*/anoat ;(<;2=8;
12 Asam laurat Asam "o"*/anoat ;(<;2=10;
14 Asam miristat Asam t*tra"*/anoat ;(<;2=12;
1- Asam almitat Asam #*/sa"*/anoat ;(<;2=14;
18 Asam st*arat Asam o/ta"*/anoat ;(<;2=1-;
20 Asam ara/i"at Asam *io/osnoat ;(<;2=18;
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St*roi" lainn)a a"ala# /ortison! ;ormon ini *r#uun+an "*n+an ros*s m*taolism*/aro#i"rat5 *nan+anan *n)a/it art#ritis r*matoi"5 ast#ma5 +an++uan *n>*rnaan "ans*a+ain)a!
D" A)i'at Ke)uran.an &an Ke%e'i4an Le-a)
a" O'esitas
*sitas )aitu suatu /on"isi )an+ "i>iri/an ol*# /*l*i#an l*ma/ tuu#! K*l*i#an l*ma/ a"a la/i?la/i "i"*&inisi/an s*a+ai l*,*l l*ma/ tuu# l*i# "ari 20L "ari *rat total "anuntu/ wanita l*i# "ari 2.L "ari total *rat a"an! $*n)*a o*sitas5 *las En"an+5
"i*n+aru#i **raa &a/tor5 )aitu *rtama5 suatu asuan ma/anan *rl*i#! ua5 r*n"a#n)a *n+*luaran *n*r+i asal5 "an /*ti+a5 /uran+n)a a/ti,itas &isi/! T*ra"in)a o*sitas /ar*naa"an)a /*ti"a/s*iman+an antara asuan *n*r+i "an *n*r+i )an+ "i/*luar/an atau "i+una/anuntu/ *ra/ti,itas!'" /i*er%i*i&e-ia
Yan+ "ima/u" "*n+an ;i*rlii"*mia a"ala# suatu /*a"aan )an+ "itan"ai ol*# *nin+/atan/a"ar lii"Fl*ma/ "ara#! *r"asar/an *nisn)a5 #i*rlii"*mia "ia+i m*na"i 25 )aitu:
1" /i*er%i*i&e-ia Pri-er
an)a/ "is*a/an ol*# /ar*na /*lainan +*n*ti/! iasan)a /*lainan ini "it*mu/an a"a wa/tu *m*ri/saan laoratorium s*>ara /**tulan! $a"a umumn)a ti"a/ a"a /*lu#an5/*>uali a"a /*a"aan )an+ a+a/ *rat tama/ a"an)a 7antoma <*numu/an l*ma/ "i awa#
arin+an /ulit=!
" /i*er%i*i&e-ia e)un&er
$a"a *nis ini5 *nin+/atan /a"ar lii" "ara# "is*a/an ol*# suatu *n)a/it t*rt*ntu5misaln)a : "ia*t*s m*litus5 +an++uan tiroi"5 *n)a/it #*ar @ *n)a/it +inal!;i*rlii"*mia s*/un"*r *rsi&at r*,*rsi*l <*rulan+=! A"a u+a oat?oatan )an+m*n)*a/an +an++uan m*taolism* l*ma/5 s**rti : *ta?lo>/*r5 "iur*ti/5 /ontras*si oral<Estro+*n5 G*sta+*n=!
;i*rlii"*mia "aat m*nin+/at/an r*si/o t*r/*na aterosklerosis, pen)akit jant+ng koroner, pankreatitis <*ra"an+an a"a or+an an/r*as=5 "ia*t*s m*litus5 +an++uan tiroi"5
*n)a/it #*ar @ *n)a/it +inal! Yan+ alin+ s*rin+ a"ala# r*si/o t*r/*na *n)a/it antun+!
Ti"a/ s*mua /ol*st*rol m*nin+/at/an r*si/o t*ra"in)a *n)a/it antun+! Kol*st*rol)an+ "iawa ol*# 33 <"is*ut u+a kolesterol jahat = m*n)*a/an m*nin+/atn)a r*si/o!/ol*st*rol )an+ "iawa ol*# ;3 <"is*ut u+a kolesterol baik = m*n)*a/an m*nurunn)ar*si/o "an m*n+untun+/an!
3alu5 aa/a# /a"ar tri+lis*ri"a )an+ tin++i m*nin+/at/an r*si/o t*ra"in)a *n)a/it antun+ atau stro/*5 masi# *lum *las! Ka"ar tri+lis*ri"a "ara# "iatas 2.0 m+F"l "ian++a
anormal5 t*tai /a"ar )an+ tin++i ini ti"a/ s*lalu m*nin+/at/an r*si/o t*ra"in)a
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at*ros/l*rosis mauun *n)a/it antun+ /oron*r! Ka"ar tri+lis*ri" )an+ san+at tin++i <samail*i# "ari 800 m+F"l= isa m*n)*a/an pankreatitis <+an++uan a"a or+an an/r*as=!
Tuu# s*n"iri m*mro"u/si /ol*st*rol s*suai /*utu#an m*lalui #ati! ila t*rlalu an)a/ m*n+/onsumsi ma/anan )an+ m*n+an"un+ /ol*st*rol5 ma/a /a"ar /ol*st*rol "alam
"ara# isa *rl*i# <"is*ut #i*r/ol*st*rol*mia=! K*l*i#an /a"ar /ol*st*rol "alam "ara#a/an "isiman "i "alam laisan "in"in+ *mulu# "ara# art*ri5 )an+ "is*ut s*a+ai la/ atau at*roma <sum*r utama la/ *rasal "ari 33?Kol*st*rol! S*"an+/an ;3 m*mawa/*mali /*l*i#an /ol*st*rol /* "alam #ati5 s*#in++a m*n+uran+i *numu/an /ol*st*rol "i"alam "in"in+ *mulu# "ara#=! At*roma *risi a#an l*mut s**rti /*u5 m*n+an"un+s*umla# a#an l*ma/5 t*rutama kolesterol 5 s*l?s*l otot olos "an s*l?s*l arin+an i/at!
Aaila ma/in lama la/ )an+ t*r*ntu/ ma/in an)a/5 a/an t*ra"i suatu *n*alan a"a "in"in+ *mulu# "ara# art*ri5 s*#in++a t*ra"i *n)*mitan *mulu# "ara# art*ri!K*a"ian ini "is*ut s*a+ai at*ros/l*rosis <t*r"aatn)a at*rom a"a "in"in+ art*ri5 *risi/ol*st*rol "an at l*ma/ lainn)a=! ;al ini m*n)*a/an t*ra"in)a art*rios/l*rosis <*n*alan
a"a "in"in+ art*ri @ #ilan+n)a /*l*nturan "in"in+ art*ri=! ila at*roma )an+ t*r*ntu/ s*ma/in t*al5 "aat m*ro*/ laisan "in"in+ art*ri "an t*ra"i */uan "ara# <tromus= )an+"aat m*n)umat aliran "ara# "alam art*ri t*rs*ut!
;al ini )an+ "aat m*n)*a/an *r/uran+n)a aliran "ara# s*rta sulai at?at *ntin+ s**rti o/si+*n /* "a*ra# atau or+an t*rt*ntu s**rti antun+! ila m*n+*nai art*ri/oronaria )an+ *r&un+si m*nsulai "ara# /* otot antun+ <istila# m*"isn)a miokardi+m=5ma/a sulai "ara# a"i *r/uran+ "an m*n)*a/an /*matian "i "a*ra# t*rs*ut <"is*uts*a+ai in&ar/ mio/ar"=!
Kons*/u*nsin)a a"ala# t*ra"in)a s*ran+an antun+ "an m*n)*a/an timuln)a+*ala *rua n)*ri "a"a )an+ #*at <"i/*nal s*a+ai an+ina *>toris=! K*a"aan ini )an+"is*ut s*a+ai $*n)a/it 'antun+ Koron*r <$'K=!
2!4 $*n>*+a#an "an *nan+anan lii" "ara# anormal?$*n>*+a#an:1! *la/u/an ola#ra+a s*>ara t*ratur 2! a/an ma/anan )an+ *r+ii "an s*#at(!an+an str*ss
?$*nan+anan:1!*n+i/uti saran "o/t*r 2!i*t s*#at(!*rola#ra+a4!'an+an ma/an ma/anan )an+ m*n+an"un+ an)a/ /ol*st*rol!
2!. *taolism* lii" "ara#
Meta'#%is-e %e-a) "imulai "*n+an ros*s #i"rolisis l*ma/ <tri+lis*ri"a= "ari an+an
)an+ "i/onsumsi ol*# *nim lias* <"ari an>r*as=5 m*n+#asil/an mono+lis*ri"a5 asam?asam
l*ma/ *as "an +lis*rol! Glis*rol "is*ra usus "an "itransortasi/an m*lalui saluran "ara#
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/* #ati! S*lanutn)a +lis*rol t*rs*ut "im*taolisasi s**rti /aro#i"rat untu/ m*m*ntu/
asam iru,at! T*r+antun+ "ari /*utu#an tuu#5 iru,at t*rs*ut s*lanutn)a "io/si"asi
m*n+asil/an *n*r+)5 atau "isint*sis m*na"i +lu/osa!
Untu/ asamasam l*ma/ <*rantai anan+= "an mono+lis*ri"a < "ari asam l*ma/
rantai anan+=5 s*n)awa t*rs*ut "is*ra "ari lum*n usus #alus "ir*?sint*sis la+i m*na"i
tri+lis*ri"a5 )an+ /*mu"ian "i+aun+/an "*n+an rot*in m*m*ntu/ /#ilomi/ron! Asam
l*ma/ rantai *n"*/ "an m*"ium a/an "is*ra ol*# usus "an lan+sun+ "itransortasi/an
m*lalui saluran "ara# /* #ati tana m*lalui *m*ntu/an /#ilomi/ron! 6os&olii"a "an
/ol*st*rol )an+ *rasal "ari an+an )an+ "i/onsumsi u+a a/an "i+aun+/an "alam
/ilomi/ron "an "itransortasi/an sama #aln)a s**rti tri+lis*ri"a! S**lum samai /* #ati
tri+lis*ri"a "ari /ilomi/ron "aat u+a "i+una/an ol*# arin+an otot atau arin+an lain atau
"isiman "alam arin+an a"ios*!
3*ma/ <tri+lis*ri"a= )an+ *rasal "ari /ilomi/ron )an+ "itransortasi/an ol*# #ati <"alam
*ntu/ M33= "i+una/an ol*# s*l?s*l arin+an tuu# untu/ *ra+ai ma>am /**rluan5 )aitu:
a! S*a+ai sum*r *n*r+)
! S*a+ai >a"an+an *n*r+) <"isiman s*a+ai tri+lis*ri"a "alam arin+an a"ios*=
>! i+aun+/an /* "alam stru/tur s*l <misaln)a m*mran* s*l=
"! i+una/an untu/ sint*sis s*n)awa tuu# )an+ *s*nsial <,itamin5 *nim5 #ormon*5 "ll=
Asam l*ma/ "alam #ati "aat "im*taolism* s*a+ai *ri/ut :
a! isiman s*a+ai l*ma/ <tri+lis*ri"a= "i "alam #ati!
! io/si"asi m*lalui alur *ta?o/si"asi m*n+#asil/an as*til /oA5 /*mu"ian "io/si"asi
s*murna m*n+#asil/an /aron"io/si"a <2= "an air <;2= s*rta *n*r+) <AT$=
>! Aaila o/si"asi ti"a/ *ralan s*murna a/an "i#asil/an /*ton* o"i*sO "an a/ant*r"aat "alam "ara#
"! As*til KoA "aat "isint*sis m*na"i /ol*st*rol "i "alam #ati5 )an+ s*lanutn)a "aat
"iua# m*na"i asam *m*"u atau #ormon* st*roi"
*! iua# m*na"i liorot*in <M33=5 /*mu"ian *ra"a "alam lasma "ara# untu/
"itransortasi/an "an
&! i/*luar/an "ari #ati s*a+ai asam l*ma/ *as "an masu/ /* "alam "ara#!
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A"aun m*taolism* l*ma/ "i "alam tuu#! i "alam s*l?s*l #ati "an arin+ana"iosa5 /ilomi/ron s*+*ra "i*>a# m*na"i asam?asam l*ma/ "an +lis*rol!S*lanutn)a asam?
asam l*ma/ "an +lis*rol t*rs*ut5 "i*ntu/ /*mali m*na"i simanan tri+lis*ri"a! $ros*s *m*ntu/an tri+lis*ri"a ini "inama/an *st*ri&i/asi! S*wa/tu?wa/tu i/a /ita m*mutu#/an*n*r+i "ari lii"5 tri+lis*ri"a "i*>a# m*na"i asam l*ma/ "an +lis*rol5 untu/ "itransortasi/an m*nuu s*l?s*l untu/ "io/si"asi m*na"i *n*r+i! $ros*s *m*>a#an l*ma/
arin+an ini "inama/an liolisis! Asam l*ma/ t*rs*ut "itransortasi/an ol*# alumin /* arin+an )an+ m*m*rlu/an "an "is*ut s*a+ai asam l*ma/ *as < free fatt) acid-FFA=!
S*>ara rin+/as5 #asil a/#ir "ari *m*>a#an lii" "ari ma/anan a"ala# asam l*ma/ "an+lis*rol!'i/a sum*r *n*r+i "ari /aro#i"rat t*la# m*n>u/ui5 ma/a asam l*ma/ m*n+alami*st*ri&i/asi )aitu m*m*ntu/ *st*r "*n+an +lis*rol m*na"i tri+lis*ri"a s*a+ai >a"an+an*n*r+i an+/a anan+!'i/a s*wa/tu?wa/tu ta/ t*rs*"ia sum*r *n*r+i "ari /aro#i"rat
arula# asam l*ma/ "io/si"asi5 ai/ asam l*ma/ "ari "i*t mauun i/a #arus m*m*>a#>a"an+an tri+lis*ri"a arin+an! $ros*s *m*>a#an tri+lis*ri"a ini "inama/an liolisis!
$ros*s o/si"asi asam l*ma/ "inama/an o/si"asi *ta "an m*n+#asil/an as*til KoA!As*til?KoA )an+ "i*ntu/ ol*# o/si"asi? Q "aat m*n+alami **raa ros*s :
• S**rti as*til?KoA )an+ *rasal "ari +li/olisis5 "an s*n)awa ini "io/si"asi m*na"i2P;2 m*lalui si/lus asam sitrat!
• *na"i r*/ursor untu/ m*m*ntu/ /ol*strol "an st*roi" lain!• i #ati5 s*n)awa ini "i+una/an untu/ m*m*ntu/ a"an /*ton <as*toas*tat "an (?
#i"ro/siutirat= )an+ m*rua/an a#an a/ar *ntin+ a"a /*a"aan uasa lama
S*lanutn)a s*a+aimana as*til KoA "ari #asil m*taolism* /aro#i"rat "an rot*in5as*til KoA "ari alur iniun a/an masu/ /* "alam si/lus asam sitrat s*#in++a "i#asil/an*n*r+i! i sisi lain5 i/a /*utu#an *n*r+i su"a# m*n>u/ui5 as*til KoA "aat m*n+alamilio+*n*sis m*na"i asam l*ma/ "an s*lanutn)a "aat "isiman s*a+ai tri+lis*ri"a!
**raa lii" non +lis*ri"a "isint*sis "ari as*til KoA!As*til KoA m*n+alami/ol*st*ro+*n*sis m*na"i /ol*st*rol!S*lanutn)a /ol*st*rol m*n+alami st*roi"o+*n*sism*m*ntu/ st*roi"!As*til KoA s*a+ai #asil o/si"asi asam l*ma/ u+a *rot*nsim*n+#asil/an a"an?a"an /*ton <as*to as*tat5 #i"ro/si utirat "an as*ton=! $ros*s ini"inama/an /*to+*n*sis! a"an?a"an /*ton "aat m*n)*a/an +an++uan /*s*iman+anasam?asa )an+ "inama/an asi"osis m*taoli/!K*a"aan ini "aat m*n)*a/an /*matian!
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• K*to+*n*sis "iatur ( ta#a *ntin+ :
1= K*tosis ti"a/ t*ra"i in ,i,o!/*>uali i/a t*ra"i *nin+/atan /a"ar asam l*ma/ "alam"ara# )an+ *rasal "ari liolisis triasil+lis*rol "i arin+an a"iosa! Asam l*ma/ a"ala#
r*/ursor a"an /*ton "i #ati!;ati5 ai/ "alam /*a"aan /*n)an+ atauun uasa
m*n+*/stra/si (0L asam l*ma/ *as )an+ m*l*watin)a s*#in++a a"a /ons*ntrasi tin++i 5aliran asam l*ma/ )an+ m*l*wati #ati >u/u an)a/! Kar*na itu &a>tor?&a/tor )an+ m*n+atur moilisasi asam l*ma/ "ari arin+an a"iosa *ntin+ untu/ m*n+ontrol /*to+*n*sis!
2= S*t*la# "is*ra ol*# #ati5asam l*ma/ m*n+alami o/si"asi? Q m*na"i 2 atau a"an/*ton *na"i triasil+lis*rol "an &os&olii"! asu/n)a asam l*ma/ /* "alam alur o/si"ati& i atur ol*# /arnitin almitoiltrans&*ras*?I <$T?I=5 "an asam l*ma/ lainn)a )an+ T*rs*ra "i*st*ri&i/asi!alam /*a"aan /*n)an+5 a/ti,itas $T?I r*n"a# s*#in++a /si"asi asam l*ma/
*r/uran+!$a"a /*a"aan uasa5 a/ti,itas *nim ini m*nin+/at s*#in++a o/si"asi asam l*ma/ u+a m*nin+/at!*lonil KoA5 at antara awal a"a iosint*sis asam l*ma/ )an+ "i*ntu/ ol*# as*til?KoA /aro/silas* "alam /*a"aan /*n)an+ a"ala# in#iitor ot*n a+i $T?I! $a"a/*a"aan?/*a"aan in5 asam l*ma/ *as masu/ /* s*l #ati "alam /ons*ntrasi r*n"a# "an#amir s*mua t*r*st*ri&i/asi m*na"i asil?+lis*rol "an "ian+/ul /*luar #ati "alam *ntu/ liorot*in *r"*nsitas <*r*rat *nis= san+at r*n"a# <M33=! Namun5 s*irin+ "*n+anm*nin+/atn)a /ons*ntrasi asam l*ma/ *as a"a /*a"aan laar5 as*til?KoA /aro/silas*"i#amat s*>ara lan+sun+ ol*# asil?KoA5 "an malonil?KoA m*nurun5 )an+ m*m*as/anin#iis it*r#a"a $T?I "an m*mun+/in/an l*i# an)a/ asil?KoA )an+ m*n+alami o/si"asi?Q!
(= $a"a +ilirann)a5 as*til?KoA )an+ "i*ntu/ "alam o/si"asi? Q "io/si"asi "alam si/lus asamsitrat5 atau m*masu/i alur /*to+*n*sis untu/ m*m*ntu/ a"an /*ton!
? T*r"aat 4 alur transor lii" :1! Asaml*ma/ "ari arin+an a"ios* /* arin+an lain "*n+an alumin!2! 3ii" "ari ma/anan "ari usus /* arin+an lain </ilomi/ron=(! 3ii" )an+ "isint*sis "alam tuu#<*n"o+*n= "ari #ati /* arin+an lain <M335 33=4! R*s*rs* trans&ort/ol*strol "ari arin+an */stra#*ati/ /* #ati untu/ "i*/sr*si m*lalui*m*"u<;3=
3ii" )an+ "isint*sis "alam tuu# a"ala# *n"o+*n5 *n"o+*n transort*r )+ *r*rana"ala# M33 <,*r) low "*n>it) liorot*in=!M33 ini t*r"iri "ari tri+lis*ri"a )+ "isint*sis"i#*ar5 "an "iamil "ari sir/ulasi "ara#! an *r+aun+ sama M33 )an+ u+a awa
aoliorot*in ?1005 ?I5 ?II5 "an ?III! M33 "i*ntu/ "i#ati5 m*n+an+/ut TAG "an/ol*strol #asil sint*sis "i #ati /* arin+an lain < otot5 "an a"ios*=! Komon*n utama TAGt*rutama "isint*sis "ari /aro#i"rat "alam ma/anan5 u+a "ari asuan l*ma/ )an+
*rl*i#an5s*lanutn)a TAG "i/*mas s*a+ai M33 *rsama "*n+an /ol*strol5 &os&olii"5"an rot*in /* sir/ulasi!
S*a+ian *sar asam l*ma/ "an mono+lis*ri"a /ar*na ti"a/ larut "alam air5 ma/a"ian+/ut ol*# mis*lus <"alam umla# *sar : *mulisi= "an "il*as/an /* "alam s*l *it*lusus<*nt*rosit=! i "alam s*l ini asam l*ma/5 "an mono+lis*ri"a "i*ntu/ m*na"i tri+lis*ri"a"an *r/umul *r*ntu/ +*l*mun+ )an+ "is*ut /ilomi/ron!Kilomi/ron /*mu"ian"itransortasi/an m*lalui *mulu# lim&* "an *rmuara a"a ,*na /a,a5 s*#in++a *rsatu
"*n+an sir/ulasi "ara#!Kilomi/ron /*mu"ian "itransortasi/an m*nuu #ati "an arin+ana"iosa!
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i "alam s*l?s*l #ati "an arin+an a"iosa5 /ilomi/ron /*mu"ian "i*>a# m*na"iasam?asam l*ma/ "an +lis*rol!K*mu"ian asam?asam l*ma/ "an +lis*rol t*rs*ut5 "i*ntu/ /*mali m*na"i simanan tri+lis*ri"a5 )an+ ros*sn)a "is*ut *st*ri&i/asi! 'i/a tuu#m*m*rlu/an *n*r+i "ari lii"5 ma/a tri+lis*ri"a a/an "i*>a# m*na"i asam l*ma/ "an
+lis*rol5 "an /*mu"ian "itransortasi/an m*nuu s*l?s*l untu/ "io/si"asi m*na"i *n*r+i! ros*s ini "inama/an liolisis! Asam l*ma/ t*rs*ut "itransortasi/an ol*# alumin/* arin+an )an+ m*m*rlu/an5 "an "inama/an asam l*ma/ *as!
TRANS$RT SENYAWA 3I$I A3A TUU;1! Transort lii" a"a "ara#
A"a 4 ma>am liorot*in )an+ "i+una/an a"a transort lii" "i "ara# )aitu:
Kilomi/ron5 /olomi/ron "isint*sis "ari usus m*lalui *n)*raan TAG! M*r) low "*nsit) liorot*ins <M33= m*rua/an sint*sisi "ari li,*r untu/
m*n+*"ar/an TAG>! 3ow "*nsit) liorot*ins <33= s*a+ai a>uan /ataolism* ta#a a/#ir"ari ,l"l"! ;i+# "*nsit) liorot*ins <;3= t*riat "alam m*taolism* ,lsl san/ilomi/ron s*rta
transort /ol*st*rol!
3ii" a"ala# at )an+ ti"a/ larut "alam air "ia "i*>a# "*n+anm*n++aun+/an lii" non olar *rua TAG "an /ol*st*rol *st*r "*n+anlii" antiati/ &os&olii" "an /ol*st*rol s*rta rot*in untu/ m*na"iliorot*in )an+ larut "alam air!
2! Transort liorot*ina/anan a/an masu/ a"a usus #alus /*mu"ian monoasil+lis*rol "anasam l*ma/ )an+
a"a a"a ma/anan a/an "is*ra ol*# usus "an"itransortasi/an s*a+ai /ilomi/ron a"asist*m lim&ati/ m*nuu "ara#!33 a/an m*ntrans&*r /ol*st*rol "ari li,*r /* arin+an! M33m*min"a#/antriasil+lis*rol "ari li,*r /* arin+an!;3 m*mawa /ol*st*rol "ari
arin+an/*mali /* li,*r!
EGRAASI 3I$I/si"asi asam l*ma/5 *n>*rnaan5 *n)*raan "an transort l*ma/ /si"asi asam
l*ma/: $*n+a/ti&an asam l*ma/ ol*# *nim asil?S/oa sintas*!iumai a"a mito/on"ria!
Enim asil?S/oa sintas* )an+ m*m*rlu/an AT$ s*a+ai sum*r *n*r+i utama )an+ "i*rlu/anR*a/si ini s*lain Koo AS; m*m*rlu/an u+a AT$s*a+ai sum*r *n*r+i!En*r+i "i*rol*#"ari #asil *m*>a#an AT$ m*na"iA$ P$$I! Yan+ a/an m*n+#asil/an Asil?KoA!
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Asam l*ma/ m*rua/an *ntu/ simanan *n*r+i m*taoli/ )an+ alin+ *&isi*n!TAG t*r"iri "ari ( asam l*ma/ "an +lis*rol!TAG "i"*+ra"asi ol*# *nim lias* "i "alam usus#alus m*na"i asam l*ma/ "an +lis*rol! Asam /*ma/ m*l*wati "in"in+ usus #alus5 "an TAG
/*mali "isint*sis "an "itransort "i"alam "ara# ol*# >#)lomi>rons!#)lomi>rons t*ri/at a"a s*l l*ma/ <a"ios*= "an TAG "i"*+ra"asi la+i m*na"i asam l*ma/ "an +lis*rol!Asam l*ma/ masu/ s*l a"iosa /*mu"ian "isint*sis /*mali m" TAG "an "isiman!
TAG "i "alam a"iosa "i"*+ra"asi m*na"i asam l*ma/ s*a+ai r*son t*r#a"a sin)al#ormon! Asam l*ma/ *r+aun+ "*n+an o A t*rl*i# "a#ulu s**lum "i"*+ra"asi!*+ra"asiasam l*ma/ m*na"i as*til o A t*ra"i "alam matri/s mito/on"ria! Karnitin* m*mawaasam l*ma/ rantai anan+ /* "alam mito/on"ria untu/ "i"*+ra"asi 4 urutan r*a/si"*+ra"asi asam l*ma/ a"ala# : o7i"ation5 #)"ration5 o7i"ation5 t#iol)sis!
Pen.4itun.an ener.i 4asi% -eta'#%is-e %i*i&ari uraian "i atas /ita isa m*n+#itun+ *n*r+i )an+ "i#asil/an ol*# o/si"asi *ta
suatu asam l*ma/! isaln)a t*rs*"ia s*ua# asam l*ma/ "*n+an 10 atom 5 ma/a /ita
m*m*rlu/an *n*r+i 2 AT$ untu/ a/ti,asi5 "an *n*r+i )an+ "i #asil/an ol*# o/si"asi *ta
a"ala# 10 "ia+i 2 "i/uran+i 15 )aitu 4 /ali o/si"asi *ta5 *rarti #asiln)a a"ala# 4 7 . 20
AT$! Kar*na asam l*ma/ m*mili/i 10 atom 5 ma/a as*til?KoA )an+ t*r*ntu/ a"ala# .
ua#! S*tia as*til?KoA a/an masu/ /* "alam si/lus Kr*Cs )an+ masin+?masin+ a/an
m*n+#asil/an 12 AT$5 s*#in++a totaln)a a"ala# . 12 AT$ -0 AT$!
*n+an "*mi/ian s*ua# asam l*ma/ "*n+an 10 atom 5 a/an "im*taolisir "*n+an
#asil ?2 AT$ <untu/ a/ti,asi= P 20 AT$ <#asil o/si"asi *ta= P -0 AT$ <#asil si/lus Kr*Cs=
%8 AT$! S*a+ian "ari as*til?KoA a/an *rua# m*na"i as*toas*tat5 s*lanutn)a as*toas*tat
*rua# m*na"i #i"ro/si utirat "an as*ton! As*to as*tat5 #i"ro/si utirat "an as*ton "i/*nal
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s*a+ai a"an?a"an /*ton! $ros*s *rua#an as*til?KoA m*na"i *n"a?*n"a /*ton
"inama/an /*to+*n*sis! S*a+ian "ari as*til KoA "aat "iua# m*na"i /ol*st*rol <ros*sn)a
"inama/an /ol*st*ro+*n*sis= )an+ s*lanutn)a "aat "i+una/an s*a+ai a#an untu/
"isint*sis m*na"i st*roi" <ros*sn)a "inama/an st*roi"o+*n*sis=!
'A3UR $ENGANGKUTAN 3EAK A3A ARA;3*ma/ "alam "ara# "ian+/ut "*n+an "ua >ara5 )aitu m*lalui alur */so+*n "an alur *n"o+*n!
1" Ja%ur e)s#.en
Tri+lis*ri"a @ /ol*st*rol )an+ *rasal "ari ma/anan "alam usus "i/*mas "alam
*ntu/ arti/*l *sar liorot*in5 )an+ "is*ut Kilomi/ron! Kilomi/ron ini a/anm*mawan)a /* "alam aliran "ara#! K*mu"ian tri+lis*ri" "alam /ilomi/ron ta"i m*n+alami
*n+uraian ol*# *nim liorot*in lias*5 s*#in++a t*r*ntu/ asam l*ma/ *as "an/ilomi/ron r*mnan! Asam l*ma/ *as a/an m*n*mus arin+an l*ma/ atau s*l otot untu/ "iua# m*na"i tri+lis*ri"a /*mali s*a+ai >a"an+an *n*r+i! S*"an+/an /ilomi/ron r*mnana/an "im*taolism* "alam #ati s*#in++a m*n+#asil/an /ol*st*rol *as!
S*a+ian /ol*st*rol )an+ m*n>aai or+an #ati "iua# m*na"i asam *m*"u5 )an+a/an "i/*luar/an /* "alam usus5 *r&un+si s**rti "*t*r+*n @ m*mantu ros*s *n)*raanl*ma/ "ari ma/anan! S*a+ian la+i "ari /ol*st*rol "i/*luar/an m*lalui saluran *m*"u tana"im*taolism* m*na"i asam *m*"u /*mu"ian or+an #ati a/an m*n"istriusi/an /ol*st*rol/* arin+an tuu# lainn)a m*lalui alur *n"o+*n! $a"a a/#irn)a5 /ilomi/ron )an+ t*rsisa<)an+ l*ma/n)a t*la# "iamil=5 "iuan+ "ari aliran "ara# ol*# #ati!Kol*st*rol u+a "aat"iro"u/si ol*# #ati "*n+an antuan *nim )an+ "is*ut ;G Ko*nim?A R*"u/tas*5/*mu"ian "i/irim/an /* "alam aliran "ara#!
" Ja%ur en&#.en
$*m*ntu/an tri+lis*ri"a "alam #ati a/an m*nin+/at aaila ma/anan s*#ari?#arim*n+an"un+ /aro#i"rat )an+ *rl*i#an!;ati m*n+ua# /aro#i"rat m*na"i asam l*ma/5/*mu"ian m*m*ntu/ tri+lis*ri"a5 tri+lis*ri"a ini "iawa m*lalui aliran "ara# "alam *ntu/ M*r) 3ow *nsit) 3iorot*in <M33=! M33 /*mu"ian a/an "im*taolism* ol*# *nim
liorot*in lias* m*na"i I3 <Int*rm*"iat* *nsit) 3iorot*in=! K*mu"ian I3 m*laluis*ran+/aian ros*s a/an *rua# m*na"i 33 <3ow *nsit) 3iorot*in= )an+ /a)a a/an/ol*st*rol! Kira?/ira V "ari /ol*st*rol total "alam lasma normal manusia m*n+an"un+
arti/*l 33! 33 ini *rtu+as m*n+#antar/an /ol*st*rol /* "alam tuu#!Kol*st*rol )an+ ti"a/ "i*rlu/an a/an "il*as/an /* "alam "ara#5 "imana *rtama?
tama a/an *ri/atan "*n+an ;3 <;i+# *nsit) 3iorot*in=! ;3 *rtu+as m*muan+/*l*i#an /ol*st*rol "ari "alam tuu#!Itula# s*a mun>uln)a istila# 33?Kol*st*rol "is*utl*ma/ a#atO "an ;3?Kol*st*rol "is*ut l*ma/ ai/O!S*#in++a rasio /*"uan)a #aruss*iman+!Kilomi/ron m*mawa l*ma/ "ari usus <*rasal "ari ma/anan= "an m*n+irimtri+lis*ri" /* s*l?s*l tuu#!M33 m*mawa l*ma/ "ari #ati "an m*n+irim tri+lis*ri" /* s*l?s*l tuu#!33 )an+ *rasal "ari *m*>a#an I3 <s**lumn)a *r*ntu/ M33= m*rua/an
*n+irim /ol*st*rol )an+ utama /* s*l?s*l tuu#!;3 m*mawa /*l*i#an /ol*st*rol "ari"alam s*l untu/ "iuan+!
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3!( EA;AI AN EN'E3ASKAN $3A ;IU$ SE;AT(!1 ;uun+an ola#ra+a "an m*n+atur ola ma/anan "alam lii" "ara#
'umla# l*ma/ total )an+ "i*rlu/an tuu# ma/simum 1.0 m+F"l5 /an"un+an l*ma/
ai/ <;3= otimum 4. m+F"l "an /an"un+an l*ma/ a#at <33= ma/simum 1(0 m+F"l!3*ma/ ai/ masi# "i*rlu/an tuu#5 s*"an+ l*ma/ a#at ustru m*rusa/ or+an tuu#! a/an *rl*i#an "aat m*n)*a/an /*+*mu/an <o*sitas=! K*+*mu/an l*i# >*at t*ra"i "*n+an ola #i"u asi& </uran+ +*ra/ "an ola#ra+a=! 'i/a ma/anan )an+ "ima/an an)a/ m*n+an"un+ l*ma/ a#at <s**rti /ol*st*rol=5 "aat m*n)*a/an *nimunan l*ma/ "is*anan+ *mulu# "ara#! $*n)*mitan *mulu# "ara# ini m*n)*a/an aliran "ara#m*na"i /uran+ lan>ar! $a"a oran+ )an+ m*mili/i /*l*i#an l*ma/ <#)*rlii"*mia=5 "aatm*n)*a/an *n)umatan "ara# s*#in++a m*n++an++u sulai o/si+*n "an at ma/anan /*or+an tuu#!
3ati#an ola#ra+a )an+ "ianur/an m*liuti ta#a?ta#a : *manasan5 *r*+an+an5lati#an inti5 *n"in+inanF>ool "own5 *r*+an+an! la#ra+a )an+ ai/ )aitu )an+ "aat
m*ma/ar *n*r+i 10 samai 20 /aloriF/+ *rat a"an! *n)ut na"i otimal s*t*la# lati#an *r/isar -. samai 80 L! R*n>ana/an s*>ara s*/sama : ma>am lati#an )an+ a/an "i/*ra/an5&r*/u*nsi lati#an5 int*nsitas lati#an "an lama lati#an!
3!4 EA;AI AN EN'E3ASKAN a/anan ;alal "an Ta))ia# *nurut an"an+an islam4!1 $*n+*rtian ma/anan #alal "an ta))ia#
Pen.ertian 4a%a%
alam /ita M+jam M+fradat Alfadh al/0+ran al/arim5 al?Ra+#i al?Is&a#anim*n+ata/an a#wa /ata halal 5 s*>ara *timolo+i *rasal "ari /ata halla/)ah+ll+/hallan 'a
halalan 'a h+lalan )an+ *rarti m*l*as/an5 m*n+urai/an5 m*muar/an5 m*m*>a#/an5m*m*as/an "an m*mol*#/an! S*"an+/an s*>ara t*rminolo+i5 /ata halal m*mun)ai arti #al?#al )an+ ol*# "an "aat "ila/u/an /ar*na *as atau ti"a/ t*ri/at "*n+an /*t*ntuan?/*t*ntuan)an+ m*laran+n)a! Atau s*+ala s*suatu )an+ *as "ari a#a)a "uniawi "an u/#rawi!
Al?'urani "alam /ita at/arifat m*n*las/an a#wa a"a "asarn)a5 /ata halal m*ruu/ /*a"a "ua arti! %ertama5 /*ol*#an m*n++una/an *n"a?*n"a atau aa )an+ "i*rlu/an untu/ m*m*nu#i /*utu#an asmani s**rti ma/anan5 minuman "an oat?oatan! ed+a5 /*ol*#anm*man&aat/an5 m*ma/an5 m*minum "an m*n+*ra/an s*suatu )an+ s*muan)a "it*ntu/an
*r"asar/an /*t*taan nash!alam al?BurCan5 /ata halal "is*ut/an untu/ m*n*las/an **raa *rmasala#an
s**rti masala# muamala#5 /*/*luar+aan5 *r/awinan "an t*r/ait "*n+an masala# ma/ananatauun r**/i! Namun "*mi/ian5 /ata halal t*rs*ut l*i# an)a/ "i+una/an "alamm*n*ran+/an masala# ma/anan5 minuman "an r**/i! K*t*ran+an t*rs*ut antara lain /ita "aati"alam Sura# al?aara#: 1-85 Sura# al?ai"a#: 4?.5 8%?885 "an 9-5 Sura# an?Nisa: 1-05 Sura# al?Ara&: 1.%5 Sura# al?An&al: -95 Sura# an?Na#l: 1145 Sura# at?Ta#rim: 15 "an Sura# al?;a: (0!
Pen.ertian t4a66i' 'ai)3
Kata tha))ib m*nurut al?Is&a#ani5 m*nunu//an s*suatu )an+ *nar?*nar ai/! *ntu/ ama/ "ari /ata ini a"ala# tha))ib3t )an+ "iamil "ari "*ri,asi thaba/)athib+/tha))ib/tha))ibah
"*n+an **raa ma/na5 )aitu: 4aka 'a thahara <su>i "an *rsi#=5 jada 'a has+na <ai/ "an*lo/=5 lad4d4a <*na/=5 "an halal <#alal=!
*nurut al?Is&a#ani5 a"a "asarn)a5 /ata ini *rarti s*suatu )an+ "irasa/an *na/ ol*#in"ra "an iwa5 atau s*+ala s*suatu s*lain )an+ m*n)a/it/an "an m*nii//an! S*"an+/an Inu
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Taimi)a# m*n*ran+/an "alam /ita Majm+ Fata'a a#wa )an+ "ima/su" "*n+an tha))ib
a"ala# )an+ m*muat ai/ asmani5 ro#ani5 a/al "an a/#la/ manusia! *nurutn)a5 lawan "ari/ata t#a))i ini a"ala# khabits <*ntu/ ama/n)a khabaits= )aitu s*suatu )an+ m*nii//an "an"aat m*rusa/ &isi/5 si/is5 a/al "an a/#la/ s*s*oran+!
4!2 alil t*ntan+ ma/anan #alal "an ta))ia#Kalan+an a#li /*"o/t*ran islam m*n)*ut/an ma/anan )an+ #alalan "an ta))ian! Al?uran *r*san a+ar manusia m*m*r#ati/an )an+ "ima/ann)a s**rti "it*+as/an "alama)at:
1! Al? aara# <2= a)at 1-8
X Z[\ ] ^_ Z ` \ Zb cde f e gh \ ^j c k̀ e k \h Z Z k Z p eq c \ \ \ gp v \ \x \ y e z ^ {̂\ k |}e g~ c•e k€ Z Z ‚ Z gƒ c`k g„ \ … †‡\ g… \ˆ ‰ p e• Z
Artin)a : ;ai s*/alian manusia5 ma/anla# )an+ #alal la+i ai/ "ari aa )an+ t*r"aat "i umi5"an an+anla# /amu m*n+i/uti lan+/a#?lan+/a# s)aitan /ar*na s*sun++u#n)a s)aitan itua"ala# musu# )an+ n)ata a+imu!<BS! 2:1-8=
2! Al?ai"a# <.= a)at 88Artin)a :
an ma/anla# "ari aa )an+ t*la# "i*ri/an Alla# /*a"amu s*a+ai r**/i )an+#alal "an ai/ "an *rta/wala# /*a"a Alla# )an+ /amu *riman /*a"aN)a!
(! Aasa <80= a)at 24Artin)a :
a/a #*n"a/la# manusia itu m*m*r#ati/an ma/anann)a!4!( s)arat ma/anan #alal "an ta))ia#
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7/18/2019 wrap up sk2 bms 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/wrap-up-sk2-bms-2 30/31
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7/18/2019 wrap up sk2 bms 2
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/wrap-up-sk2-bms-2 31/31
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