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World War IIWorld War II
Americans at War: 1941-1945Americans at War: 1941-1945
Mobilization of PeopleMobilization of People
• Selective Training and Service Act (1940)
• Reasons for war - The Four Freedoms speech
• “G.I.s” - Government Issue = Soldiers, sailors, airmen nickname for themselves
• Ethnic/racial diversity in Military Service, Women in Military Service
• Selective Training and Service Act (1940)
• Reasons for war - The Four Freedoms speech
• “G.I.s” - Government Issue = Soldiers, sailors, airmen nickname for themselves
• Ethnic/racial diversity in Military Service, Women in Military Service
The DRAFTThe DRAFT
• All males 21-36 to register for military service
• $2 billion to $10 billion in military spending
• First peace time Military DRAFT in US
• All males 21-36 to register for military service
• $2 billion to $10 billion in military spending
• First peace time Military DRAFT in US
The Four Freedoms - Norman RockwellThe Four Freedoms - Norman Rockwell
Speech
Worship
From Want
FromFear
The Four FreedomsThe Four Freedoms
• Speech given by FDR, Jan 6, 1941
• Outlined fundamental reasons and ideals to define what we would fight for.
• Speech given by FDR, Jan 6, 1941
• Outlined fundamental reasons and ideals to define what we would fight for.
The SoldiersThe Soldiers
• 16,000,000 served
• Fought for a “cherished way of life”
• Fought to preserve freedom
• 300,000+ died
• Called “The Greatest Generation” – Book by Tom Brokaw
(NBC News)
• 16,000,000 served
• Fought for a “cherished way of life”
• Fought to preserve freedom
• 300,000+ died
• Called “The Greatest Generation” – Book by Tom Brokaw
(NBC News)
A B-17 Crew “Somewhere in England” (p. 748)A B-17 Crew “Somewhere in England” (p. 748)
Preparation of the EconomyPreparation of the Economy
• War Production
• Work Force
• Financing - Paying for the War
• War Production
• Work Force
• Financing - Paying for the War
PREPARING FOR WORLD WAR 2PREPARING FOR WORLD WAR 2
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War ProductionWar Production • The U.S. became the ‘Arsenal of Democracy’
• Ended the Great Depression
• War Production Board (1942)– Converted peacetime
industries to wartime
– Set priorities and allocated raw materials
• Office of War Mobilization– Centralized resources
• The U.S. became the ‘Arsenal of Democracy’
• Ended the Great Depression
• War Production Board (1942)– Converted peacetime
industries to wartime
– Set priorities and allocated raw materials
• Office of War Mobilization– Centralized resources
Map 25.5: The Home FrontMap 25.5: The Home Front
WORLD WAR 2 INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIONWORLD WAR 2 INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
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U.S. Wartime Production: 1
1941 1942 1943 19441941 1942 1943 19441941 1942 1943 19441941 1942 1943 1944
U.S. Wartime Production: 2
U.S. Wartime Production: 3
1941 1942 1943 19441941 1942 1943 19441941 1942 1943 19441941 1942 1943 1944
The Work ForceThe Work Force
• Women joined workforce
• Blacks migrated to big cities and west coast for jobs
• Union membership increased
• Women joined workforce
• Blacks migrated to big cities and west coast for jobs
• Union membership increased
World War 2 PostersWorld War 2 Posters
WORLD WAR 2 SHIPBUILDINGWORLD WAR 2 SHIPBUILDING
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WORLD WAR 2 SCIENTIFIC ADVANCESWORLD WAR 2 SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
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Financing The WarFinancing The War
• Government borrowed: War Bonds
• GNP doubled• Deficit spending
soared
• Government borrowed: War Bonds
• GNP doubled• Deficit spending
soared
War BondsWar Bonds
WORLD WAR 2 WAR BONDSWORLD WAR 2 WAR BONDS
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Daily life in America during the WarDaily life in America during the War
• Most people had a relative or friend in the military
• War new followed closely on radio and in newspapers
• Shortages, Controls, Rationing to help in the war effort
• Popular Culture -flourished and also supported the war effort
• Most people had a relative or friend in the military
• War new followed closely on radio and in newspapers
• Shortages, Controls, Rationing to help in the war effort
• Popular Culture -flourished and also supported the war effort
Shortages - RecyclingShortages - Recycling• Metal, rubber, nylon used to
manufacture military goods.• Scrap metal and tires collected and
recycled
• Metal, rubber, nylon used to manufacture military goods.
• Scrap metal and tires collected and recycled
Food ShortagesFood Shortages • Office of Price Administration (OPA)
• Government agency during World War II)– Controlled inflation
– Rationing of scarce items: sugar, coffee, meat, butter, shoes, gasoline, etc.
• Office of Price Administration (OPA)
• Government agency during World War II)– Controlled inflation
– Rationing of scarce items: sugar, coffee, meat, butter, shoes, gasoline, etc.
Rationing Books during WW IIRationing Books during WW II
Food Rationing info - WW IIFood Rationing info - WW II
WORLD WAR 2 RATIONING, ETC. WORLD WAR 2 RATIONING, ETC.
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Public Support: Victory GardensPublic Support: Victory Gardens
• Enlisted public support
• Families encouraged to grow their own food
• Families encouraged to can their own food.
• Enlisted public support
• Families encouraged to grow their own food
• Families encouraged to can their own food.
Victory GardensVictory Gardens
Victory GardensVictory Gardens
Other War-time slogans and effortsOther War-time slogans and efforts
• “Conserve and Collect”
• “Play your Part”
• Night time “blackouts”
Public support approached 95-100% of the population during the War years.
• “Conserve and Collect”
• “Play your Part”
• Night time “blackouts”
Public support approached 95-100% of the population during the War years.
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