World War I – The War To End All Wars

WORLD WAR I – THE WAR TO

END ALL WARSUS History

Objectives: **Explain the causes of World War I

SOL – VUS.9

Timeline – 1914-1917

ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND(JUNE 28, 1914)

Heir to the Austria-Hungary (A-H) throne Shot dead by a Serbian terrorist

THE GREAT WAR BEGINS A-H + Serbia have alliances around

Europe All declare war on each other

THE PLAYERS - THE ALLIED POWERS

Britain

France

Russia

THE PLAYERS - THE CENTRAL POWERS

Germany

Austria-Hungary (will be abbreviated A-H)

Ottoman Empire (aka: Turkey)

A WAR OF ATTRITION

A WAR OF ATTRITION

THE BRITISH NAVY RULED THE SEAS!

TRENCH WARFARE

Stay neutral **it’s a “European” war **make $$$ trading w/ both sides

PRESIDENT WILSON AND WORLD WAR I

(1914-1917)

Boat sunk by German U-boat **smuggling weapons to Britain?? **killed 128 USA

THE SINKING OF THE LUSITANIA(MAY 7, 1915)

German proposal to Mexico to form an alliance vs. USA

**telegraph leaked to America

THE ZIMMERMAN TELEGRAPH(JANUARY 1917)

Dear Mexico,If the US becomes involved in the war on the allies side, will you help us? Check: Yes No If you do, when we win, you will get back all the land you lost to America during the Mexican-American War.

Your BFFL, Germany

USA joins the Allied powers

DECLARING WAR(APRIL 6, 1917)

USA ties to Britain Win the war and show the World the

power of democracy

“MAKE THE WORLD SAFE FOR DEMOCRACY”

Military Draft Rationing Goods **conservation days **victory gardens Buying war bonds

MOBILIZATION OF AMERICA(SUMMER 1917-SPRING 1918)

Re-energize the Allies **soldiers **war materials

AMERICA TO THE RESCUE(SPRING 1917-NOVEMBER 11, 1918)

Losing their Allies **Bulgaria (surrender Sept 29, 1918) **Ottoman Empire (surrender Oct 30,

1918) **Austria-Hungary (surrender Nov 3,

1918) Afraid the war will move into Germany

GERMANY IN TROUBLE

German surrender

“On the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month"

ARMISTICE DAY NOVEMBER 11, 1918

Casualties of World War I

Countries Total

Mobilized Killed & Died

Wounded Prisoners & Missing

Total Casualties

Casualties % of Mobilized

Allied Powers

Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 4,950,000 2,500,000 9,150,000 76.3

France 8,410,000 1,357,800 4,266,000 537,000 6,160,800 76.3

British Empire 8,904,467 908,371 2,090,212 191,652 3,190,235 35.8

Italy 5,615,000 650,000 947,000 600,000 2,197,000 39.1

United States 4,355,000 126,000 234,300 4,500 364,800 8.2

Japan 800,000 300 907 3 1,210 0.2

Romania 750,000 335,706 120,000 80,000 535,706 71.4

Serbia 707,343 45,000 133,148 152,958 331,106 46.8

Belgium 267,000 13,716 44,686 34,659 93,061 34.9

Greece 230,000 5,000 21,000 1,000 17,000 11.7

Portugal 100,000 7,222 13,751 12,318 33,291 33.3

Montenegro 50,000 3,000 10,000 7,000 20,000 40.0

Total 42,188,810 5,152,115 12,831,004 4,121,090 22,104,209 52.3

Central Powers

Germany 11,000,000 1,773,700 4,216,058 1,152,800 7,142,558 64.9

Austria-Hungary 7,800,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 2,200,000 7,020,000 90.0

Turkey 2,850,000 325,000 400,000 250,000 975,000 34.2

Bulgaria 1,200,000 87,500 152,390 27,029 266,919 22.2

Total 22,850,000 3,386,200 8,388,448 3,629,829 15,404,477 67.4

Grand Total 65,038,810 8,538,315 21,219,452 7,750,919 37,508,686 57.6

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES(JANUARY 1919)

Allies meet to decide terms of surrender for WWI

PRESIDENT WILSON AND THE 14 POINTS

Plan to eliminate causes of war

PLAN:1. SELF-DETERMINATION

Let displaced ethnic people have their own country **Czechoslavakia **Poland **Yugoslavia **Iran **Iraq

FREEDOM OF THE SEAS Recognition that all nations should be

allowed to travel in international waters safely

THE MANDATE SYSTEM Brings an end to winning countries

confiscating losing countries territories Imperialist territories of the Central

Powers were governed by the winners under a mandate of the L of N until the territories could govern themselves.

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

World organization to solve global problems

THE ALLIES AGENDA WAS SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT!

Punish Germany!! Punish Germany!! Punish Germany!!

stripped of their colonies (Mandate System)military limited (German armed forces =

125,000 or less)Boundaries of German and Austria-Hungary

redrawn

THE WAR-GUILT CLAUSE

Forced Germany to claim fault for the war and pay a reparations bill ($33 billion)

YEAH……A LEAGUE OF NATIONS WAS CREATED!!!!!

REDRAW NATIONAL BOUNDARIES

Many new countries were created from the Empires that were at war:AustriaHungaryYugoslaviaCzechoslovakiaTurkey

THE SENATE HATES THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS

Objections to US foreign policy decisions being made by an international organization – not the US leaders

**want return to ISOLATIONISM

PRESIDENT WILSON ON TOUR(OCTOBER 2, 1919)

Wilson goes on a tour promoting his L of N

Suffers a stroke **left bed-ridden

THE DEATH OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

(MARCH 1920) US Senate does not ratify the Treaty

THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS(1919-1946)

Fails to maintain world peace **no USA leadership **had no real power