World War I. Sec. 1- The Road to War June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis Ferdinand assassination? 4 main...

World War I

Sec. 1- The Road to War• June 28, 1914 Archduke Francis

Ferdinand assassination?

• 4 main causes of the war

1. Imperialism

2. Militarism

3. Nationalism

4. Alliances

Pg. 415-416

• July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on

Serbia

• Russia began mobilization; they were Serbia’s protector

• Chain reaction

• Network of alliances?

Pg. 416

• Central Powers- Germany and Austria-Hungary

• Allies- Russia, France, Serbia, Great Britain

• Schlieffen Plan

Pg. 417

• Germany/France were at a stalemate• Dug in, trenches• Many men were killed due to the use of new killing power• Battle of the Somme, British suffered 20,000 deaths in one day• Fighting soldier to soldier became soldier to civilian•Christmas TrucePg. 417-418

Trench Warfare

More Weapons

• Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery shells

• Poison gas and barbed wire fences

• Tanks and planes became big

• American Ace- Eddie Rickenbacker

• German Ace- Red Barron (Manfred von Richthofen

America’s Thoughts

• America opposed the Central Powers:-They disapproved of Kaiser Wilhelm II -Closer ties with Allies-Main reason-?• Neutrality, August 4, 1914• The preparedness movement-?• The peace movement-?Pg. 418

Sec. 2- The United States Declares War

• U-boat- unterseeboot; German submarine• Attack British merchant ships• Germany’s unrestricted warfare?• Changed rules of naval warfare, how?Pg. 421-422

Lusitania• The German subs aimed to attack ships that

were carrying weapons to the Allies

• Uncivilized

• On May 7, 1915, the Lusitania (British passenger ship) was sunk by a U-boat

• 1200 passengers died including 128 Americans

• America’s reaction?

pg. 422

Sussex

• March 24, 1916 a French passenger ship, the Sussex was sunk by a U-boat

• 80 were killed or wounded including 2 Americans

• US threatened to cut ties• Sussex pledge• American neutrality began to weaken

pg. 422-423

Zimmerann Telegram

• By Feb of 1917, the US began arming merchant ships

• Zimmermann Note?

Pg. 423

Last Straw

• Neither took the note seriously but it brought the US closer to war

• March 16-18 City of Memphis, Illinois, and Vigilancia

• Declared war on April 6, 1917

Sec. 3- Americans on the European Front

• Selective Service Act in May 1917

• “War to end all wars”

• Called the American Expeditionary Force (AEF)

• Doughboys

Pg. 425

• Women>?

• Traveled in convoys

• Kept them safe from U-boats

Pg. 426

• Strength, good health, and energy

• African Americans?

• Harlem Hell Fighters were integrated into the French army, won its highest medal

Pg. 426-427

• 1918, Lenin signed a peace treaty with Germany, Russia was out of the war

• Americans came to the rescue, helping in pushing the Germans back

• “We dig no trenches to fall back on. The Marines will hold where they stand”

-General James G. Harbord

Pg. 427

• Battle of Chateau-Thierry

• Major battles were won; Amiens, St. Mihiel, and Meuse-Argonne

Pg. 428-429

• Late 1918, Central Powers collapsed

• Poles, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks declared independence

• Mutiny

• Nov 11, 1918, Germany signed an armistice-?

Pg. 429-430

• The last few months of war ended badly

• Influenza epidemic

• Outbreaks everywhere

• Half a million Americans and almost 30 million worldwide died from this outbreak

Pg. 430

Results of the War• Mental and physical scars ran deep

• 50,000 died from battle

• Over 8 million were killed

• The death tolls?

• Lost limbs or were permanently blinded Pg. 431

Section 4- Americans on the Home Front

• Liberty Bonds- ?

• Gov. increased control of the economy how?

• Lever Food and Fuel Control Act

Pg. 432-433

• Rationing- ?

• Daylight Savings Time- ?

• Fears of espionage led to?

Pg. 434-435

• Sedition-speech or actions that encouraged rebellions

• Espionage Act- illegal to interfere with the draft

• Sedition Act?

• Pg. 435

Section 5- Global PeacemakerSECTION 5- Global Peacemaker

• Wilson did not want spoils (rewards), he wanted to est. a permanent agency where countries could resolve disputes peacefully• Paris Peace Conference- Big Four was David George Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, Vittorio Orlando Italy, Wilson US• Other 3 wanted Germany to pay with landPg. 438

• League of Nations?

• The Senate rejected the League of Nations

• Allies demanded harsh penalties against Germany, Wilson feared this would lead to future wars

Pg. 439

• May 7, 1919, treaty presented to Germany

• Signed June 28, called the Versailles Treaty?

Pg. 439

• What spurred the economy?

• The main economic problem facing war veterans?

• African Americans?

Pg. 440-441