WORLD WAR I 1914 - 1918. 2 The First World War: War involving nearly all the nations of the world...

WORLD WAR IWORLD WAR I1914 - 19181914 - 1918

2

The First World War:

•War involving nearly all the nations of the world

•1914-1918

What?

When?

Causes of World War ICauses of World War I

MILITARISMMILITARISM – creation of large – creation of large powerful powerful militaries and stockpiling weaponsmilitaries and stockpiling weapons

ALLIANCE SYSTEMALLIANCE SYSTEM – – nations pledge to nations pledge to protect and support each otherprotect and support each other

IMPERIALISMIMPERIALISM – – when a stronger nation when a stronger nation takes over a weaker nationtakes over a weaker nation (to gain $, (to gain $, power, respect)power, respect)

NATIONALISMNATIONALISM – – pride or love for one’s pride or love for one’s nation nation

MAIN ideasMAIN ideas

https://www.youtube.com/watch?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRcg_t2oJkcv=XRcg_t2oJkc

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The First World War:Who?

Germany(Kaiser Wilhelm)Austria-Hungary(Franz Ferdinand)Italy (the above three formed the triple alliance)Ottoman Empire (Turkey)Bulgaria

Russia (Nicolas II Last Czar of Russia)France (Georges Clemenceau)Great Britain (Lloyd George)JapanUnited States (1917)(Woodrow Wilson)

Central Powers: (Axis)

Entente: (Allies)

Map Before the WarMap Before the War

Worksheet and TextbookWorksheet and Textbook

Assassination of Assassination of Archduke Franz Archduke Franz FerdinandFerdinand and his and his wife Sophiewife Sophie

The Spark of World War I

The Assassin- The Assassin- Gavrilo Princip - 1914

Member of the Black Hand (secret society)

Lived in Serbia and hated that Austria-Hungary was trying to take over

THE ASSASSINATION OFTHE ASSASSINATION OFTHE ARCHDUKETHE ARCHDUKE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCEUZ4rFiachttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCEUZ4rFiac

Schlieffen plan

Germany will fight on two fronts:Germany will fight on two fronts: They will go through Belgium to get to France They will go through Belgium to get to France

and they will go to Russia.and they will go to Russia.

Belgium was totally neutral at this time.Belgium was totally neutral at this time.

England will join the war in the summer of England will join the war in the summer of 1914 to protect their ports and because they 1914 to protect their ports and because they are allied with France who was invaded.are allied with France who was invaded.

The Battle of the Marne The Battle of the Marne (France)(France)

This will be the beginning of the most This will be the beginning of the most devastating warfare in history:devastating warfare in history:

TRENCH WARFARE-TRENCH WARFARE-a type of combat in which opposing troops fight from trenches facing each other

BBy the war's end, each side had dug at least 12,000 miles of trenches. ... The first major trench lines were completed in late November 1914. 

WWI extremely difficult on Western Front due to trench warfare

The soldiers had very little decent food, and what food they had was often attacked by rats.

These rats were the size of small rabbits and badgers because they had fed on the decomposing bodies of dead soldiers.

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

Real LifeReal Life https://https://

www.youtube.com/www.youtube.com/watch?v=s77y2zU2a8gwatch?v=s77y2zU2a8g

HollywoodHollywood

Legends of the Fall

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYWlhwmxg7g

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j48GDZKZTUo&feature=fvwrel

Somme over the top

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g0V1yRrjMmM

No smiling and relaxed faces…

No clean uniforms…

Their equipment is scattered everywhere…

Boredom and sleep are obvious…

No Man’s Land

•The area between trenches of opposing armies

•Covered with barbed wire, mines, and fallen soldiers

Why was WWI so devastating?Why was WWI so devastating?Introduction of Introduction of new weapons never new weapons never

seen before.seen before.

Modern Marvels WWI Modern Marvels WWI TechnologyTechnology

https://https://www.youtube.com/www.youtube.com/watch?watch?v=jEA4sHqzjxIv=jEA4sHqzjxI

Fill in worksheetFill in worksheet

What’ s Happening “OVER THERE”What’ s Happening “OVER THERE”Mass Death in Destruction in Europe and Russia- The war has Mass Death in Destruction in Europe and Russia- The war has raged on for three years nowraged on for three years now

Death, Recovery of Bodies, & Death, Recovery of Bodies, & BurialBurial

Ruins of FranceRuins of France

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Why did it take so long for America to get involved in the war?

America was isolationist “Why should I get involved in someone else’s problems”

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•Is isolationism really an option for a country as powerful as the United States?

The US had:The US had:

Strong ties to alliesStrong ties to allies Socialists believed it was a capitalist and Socialists believed it was a capitalist and

imperialist struggle to control marketsimperialist struggle to control markets Many citizens had loyalties to the countries Many citizens had loyalties to the countries

they emigrated from.they emigrated from. Pacifists believed war was evil and we should Pacifists believed war was evil and we should

be setting an example of peace for the rest of be setting an example of peace for the rest of the world the world

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Which side should the US pick?

•11 million German-Americans •Irish-Americans hated Great Britain

•Close cultural ties •Shared transatlantic cables Big business loaned much $ to allies•We were basically just trading with France and GB and basically cut the Germans off

Central Powers: Allies:

Nations 1914 1915 1916 Britain $594,271,863 $911,794,954 $1,526,685,102 France $159,818,924 $364,397,170 $628,851,988 Germany $344,794,276 $28,863,354 $288,899

US Exports to both sides:

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What did it take to get the US involved?

1. Sinking of the Lusitania

•Lusitania torpedoed, sinking with 1200 passengers and crew (including 128 Americans)•Was eventually found to be carrying 4200 cases of ammunitionGerman Propaganda Justifying Lusitania

sinking

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What did it take to get the US involved?2. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

•1917 Germany announced “unrestricted submarine warfare” in the war zone

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What did it take to get the US involved?

3. Blockades

•Britain blockaded (stopped) all German ships going to America

•Germany announced a submarine war around Britain

Y-53 German Submarine 1916

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What did it take to get the US involved?

3. Propaganda

•The US sharply criticized Germany for their action

•Germany agreed not to sink passenger ships without warning in the futureNote in Bottle After Lusitania Disaster

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What did it take to get the US involved?

5. Zimmerman Note

•US intercepted a note from Germany to Mexico, •It promised Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona back in return for an alliance

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What did it take to get the US involved?

•Zimmerman Note + the sinking of 4 unarmed American ships led to a declaration of war on April 2, 1917

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How was the war looking for the allies?

•Russia left the war after its communist revolution in 1917

•Made it a one front war for Germany - all its troops could concentrate on France

Not Good...

The CenturyThe Century

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1GBWDQ5cF_Uv=1GBWDQ5cF_U

worksheetworksheet

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Convincing the American People

Posters - Gee!!

•How do you think this poster helped to convince the American people that the war was a good idea?

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What did the US do to help?

US provided the food, money, and fresh troops needed to win the war

American Troops March Through London

Supplies:

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Convincing the American People

1. War to End All Wars

Idealism: 2 Goals For War:

2. Making the World Safe for Democracy

US Support of the WarConsumption

US Food Administration wanted Americans to reduce consumption of key food items

Conservation-Liberty Gardens, “Liberty Cabbage”

Meatless Mondays Wheatless

Wednesday

Purchasing War Bonds

Joining the Military

Working

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Espionage Act 1918It originally prohibited any attempt to interfere with military

operations, to support U.S. enemies during wartime, to promote insubordination in the military, or to interfere with

military recruitment. The constitutionality of the law, its relationship to free speech, and the meaning of the law's

language have been contested in court ever since.

obtaining or delivering information relating to "national defense" to a person who was not

"entitled to have it" (Spying)

Sedition Act of 1918

Forbade the use of "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States government, its flag, or its armed forces or that caused others to view the American government or its institutions with contempt. Those convicted under the act generally received sentences of imprisonment for 5 to 20 years.

Both acts resulted in more than a thousand convictions

Results of World War IResults of World War I

• Political CostPolitical Cost

• Human CostHuman Cost

• Economic CostEconomic Cost

• Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

• Making PeaceMaking Peace

Human Cost

8.5 million died in battle 2xs that wounded 6-13 million civilians dead Over 20 million die of flu worldwide

Economic Costs

Homes, farms, factories, roads, churches need to be rebuilt

Rebuilding costs money that countries don’t have plus many have to pay off war debts

So blame Germany and have them pay reparations to all

TOTAL COSTS: Great Britain $55 billion, France $50 billion, Russia $25 billion, Germany $60 billion, Austria-Hungary $25 billion

Political Costs

Govts collapsed in Russia, Germany, A-H, and Ottoman Empire

Radicals try to rule and communism spreads Colonial troops returned home with cynical

views of Europeans Imperial powers were no longer seen as invicible African and Asian colonies found hope for

independence from European control

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nV13zOio0Pkv=nV13zOio0Pk

Paris Peace Conference and League of Nations

Allies met @ Paris without Central Powers and Russia

Great Britain, France, US, Italy – each with own demands and interests

Issues concerned countries wanting own control, who to blame, keeping peace

Wilson of USA has 14 Points and is willing to compromise in order to get the League of Nations for world security

Treaty of Versailles June 1919 Signed by “big 3” and Germany New countries formed like Austria, Hungary,

Czechoslovakia…independence for Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia (Baltic Sea countries)

Creation of the League of Nations (No USA) Punished Germany:

Pay others $ = reparations Take all blame for the war Limit military Give back land taken No more colonies