World War 1 Finale. 1917 - 1918 U-Boats U-Boats American entry American entry Russian revolution...

World War 1World War 1

FinaleFinale

1917 - 19181917 - 1918

U-BoatsU-Boats American entryAmerican entry Russian revolutionRussian revolution Last German offensiveLast German offensive Allied victoryAllied victory Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

U - BoatsU - Boats

British had control British had control of the seasof the seas

Germans Germans countered with countered with submarine warfaresubmarine warfare

War on British War on British NavyNavy

War on cargo shipsWar on cargo ships Lead to US Lead to US

declaration of war declaration of war in April 1917in April 1917

U - BoatsU - Boats

U - BoatsU - Boats

U - BoatsU - Boats

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution

In 1917, the war was going badly for In 1917, the war was going badly for RussiaRussia

Bloody revolution breaks out at homeBloody revolution breaks out at home Communists versus CzaristsCommunists versus Czarists Czarists are overthrownCzarists are overthrown New Russian leader – Lenin – makes New Russian leader – Lenin – makes

peace with the Germans peace with the Germans

Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution

Czars – Russian Ruling ClassCzars – Russian Ruling Class

CommunistsCommunists

The New LeaderThe New Leader

LeninLenin

Last German OffensiveLast German Offensive

With Russian surrender, Germans With Russian surrender, Germans focused their efforts on the western focused their efforts on the western frontfront

Their offensive brought them to Their offensive brought them to within 50 miles of Pariswithin 50 miles of Paris

Allies recovered, supported by newly Allies recovered, supported by newly arrived Americansarrived Americans

Allied VictoryAllied Victory

PasschendaelePasschendaele CambraiCambrai MarneMarne Final months of the warFinal months of the war

CambraiCambrai

Allied offensiveAllied offensive No preliminary bombardmentNo preliminary bombardment 476 tanks476 tanks Six infantry divisionsSix infantry divisions Two cavalry divisionsTwo cavalry divisions Costly for both sidesCostly for both sides

Second Battle of the MarneSecond Battle of the Marne

15 July 191815 July 1918 LudendorffLudendorff Attempted breakthrough against Attempted breakthrough against

French Army, led by General French Army, led by General Ferdinand FochFerdinand Foch

The GeneralsThe Generals

MarneMarne

Germans failed to break throughGermans failed to break through French counterattacked, supported by French counterattacked, supported by

British Empire, US and Italian soldiersBritish Empire, US and Italian soldiers Germans were driven back to starting Germans were driven back to starting

positionposition Allied casualties were 120,000Allied casualties were 120,000 German casualties were 168,000German casualties were 168,000 Last major German offensiveLast major German offensive

Final months of the war Final months of the war 19181918

The war continued on into NovemberThe war continued on into November Allied saw some success in battles Allied saw some success in battles

such as Amiens, Albert and Meuse-such as Amiens, Albert and Meuse-ArgonneArgonne

In the Mediterranean, other allied In the Mediterranean, other allied divisions were forcing the surrender of divisions were forcing the surrender of Turkey, Bulgaria and Austria Hungary.Turkey, Bulgaria and Austria Hungary.

War ends on November 11 1918War ends on November 11 1918

AmiensAmiens

Among the Defeated (under Among the Defeated (under X)X)

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Drawn and signed by the major Drawn and signed by the major powers in 1919powers in 1919

Six months of negotiationsSix months of negotiations Many conflicting viewpointsMany conflicting viewpoints A compromise nobody likedA compromise nobody liked

Treaty of Versailles SigningTreaty of Versailles Signing

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles PM PM

David Lloyd George UKUK

Vittorio Orlando ItalyItaly

Georges Clemenceau of France of France

President President Woodrow Wilson USA USA

Also PresentAlso Present

Nguyen Ai QuocNguyen Ai Quoc Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh Vietnamese in Vietnamese in

Paris Paris unsuccessfully unsuccessfully attempt to present attempt to present a homeland a homeland independence independence document to document to Versailles Peace Versailles Peace Conference Conference

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles

Military limitations placed on GermansMilitary limitations placed on Germans Germany gives back the Alsace-Germany gives back the Alsace-

Lorraine districtLorraine district Germany had to recognize the Germany had to recognize the

independence of various nationsindependence of various nations Germany loses its overseas coloniesGermany loses its overseas colonies German Army limited to 100,000 menGerman Army limited to 100,000 men