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World Religions
Major World Religions
Judaism• Believers are called Jews• Founder of Religion: Abraham• Where did it start: Canaan (modern day Israel)• Sacred Book: Torah, Talmud• Monotheistic• Main Beliefs: Monotheism
-Following God's Law
-Equality and Social Justice
-The Importance of Study
- Do have some dietary restrictions (against pork and shellfish)
Judaism
• Spread: Diaspora• Mostly practiced in
Israel today.
Christianity
• Believers called: Christians• Founder: Jesus Christ (Jesus of Nazareth)• Where is started: Modern day Israel• Sacred Book: The Bible• Monotheistic• Beliefs: 1. Teachings of Jesus Christ2. The Trinity3. Believe in trying to achieve salvation (go to
Heaven)
Christianity
• Groups within Christianity:
1. Catholics
2. Protestants
3. Orthodox
• Spread throughout the Roman Empire through missionaries and traders and by conquest.
• All over the world
Islam
Islam
• Believers are called: Muslims• Founder: Mohammed• Where it started: Mecca, in modern day Saudi Arabia• Monotheistic• Main beliefs: 1. The Five Pillars (declaration of faith, fasting during
Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca, pray 5 timers per day, give alms (money) to the poor)
2. Does have some dietary restrictions (against pork)3. Believe in trying to achieve salvation.
Islam
• The religion spread through: missionaries, traders, and through conquest.
Stoning the devil
Pilgrimage to Mecca
Hinduism
Hinduism
• Believers: Hindus• No single founder• Started in what is now India• Sacred Book: Vedas• Polytheistic• Main Beliefs:1. Dharma: Law, obligation, and duty. Effect: many
believe in nonviolence-every living creature has a soul.2. Karma: explains why dharma is important, law explains
what will happen to people’s soul when they die, karma made up of good and evil.
3. Believe in reincarnation (born again) until soul merges with Brahma.
Caste System
Hinduism and the Caste System
• Social classes” Brahmins (religious class), Kshatriyas(rulers and warriors), Vaishyas (herders and merchants), and Shudras (servants, farmers, and laborers).
• Also had the untouchables.
• Over time, became complex.
• No social mobility. Born into a certain level of society and stayed there.
Hinduism
• Ethnic religion.
• Mostly practice in India.
• Spread through migration.
Hindu Temples
Pilgrimage to Ganges River
Buddhism
Buddhism
• Believers: Buddhists• Founder of religion: Siddhartha Gautama• Where it started: India• Name of Sacred Book: Tripitaka• Main Beliefs:1. People’s self centered desires causes suffering.2. The Four Noble Truths3. The Eightfold Path4. When a person dies, they will be reincarnated until
they hit enlightenment, nirvana.
Spread of the Religion
• Monks and traders along the Silk Road
Confucianism
Founder
• Kong Fu Zi
Confucianism
• Practioners: Confucianists• Where it started? China• Name of Sacred Book: Analects• Main Beliefs: 1. Uphold traditions of the past, establish
relationships and guidelines for how people should act.
2. Taught respect for parents, loyalty to the state, honesty, hard work, concern for others.
3. Believed education is important.4. Ancestor worship.
Relationships
Parents Husband
Elder
Brother
Ruler Teacher Friend
Children Wife Younger
Brother
Subject Student Friend
Daoism
Daoism• Founder: Lao-Tzu• Daoists• Started in China• Name of Sacred Book: Daodejing• Main Beliefs: 1. Live in harmony with nature.2. Yin/yang: opposite forces of nature and it represents balance. 3. Importance of honor and duty.4. Best government is one that governs least. 5. Observe nature to learn how to behave.6. Achieve oneness with the Dao.7. Wuwei: action through non-action.
Daoism
• Found in China.
Sikhism
• Followers: Sikhs• Founder: Guru Nanak• Started in India• Sacred Book: Guru Granth Sahib• Started in India• Main Beliefs: 1. Faith, especially faith in one god2. Social reform and pursuit of justice for all
people
Sikhism
• Spread through migration (Diaspora).
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