Working With Difficult Groups

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Values & Ethics IAF-HGF C. 26 P. 459. Competencies IAF-HGF C. 30 P. 545. Working With Difficult Groups. How they are difficult Why they are difficult.* What you can do. Facilitator/ Leadership Effectiveness. What you do. * If you want truly to understand something, try to change it. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Facilitator/Leadership

EffectivenessCompetencies IAF-HGF C. 30 P. 545

Values & EthicsIAF-HGF C. 26 P. 459

What you do

How they are difficult Why they are difficult.* What you can do.

* If you want truly to understand something, try to change it. ~ Kurt Lewin If you want truly to change something, try to understand it. ~ Sandy Schuman

Working With Difficult Groups

Facilitator/Leadership

Effectiveness

GroupEffectiveness

OrganizationalEffectiveness

SocietalEffectiveness

ProcessEffectiveness

GroupProblem-solving/ Decision-makingEffectiveness

Organizing Effectiveness

The Card Game

Map These Distances

A ↔ B = 138A ↔ C = 122B ↔ C = 175

D ↔ A = 76D ↔ B = 113D ↔ C = 67

City A is to the north; City B is to the south

A

B

CD

AC

B

D

Organizational Effectiveness Criteria • Conflict/ cohesion

• Control• Efficiency• Evaluations by

external entities• Flexibility/ adaptation• Growth• Information

management and communication

• Morale

• Planning and goal setting• Productivity• Profit• Quality• Readiness• Stability• Training and development

emphasis• Utilization of environment• Value of human resources

Conflict ↔ Planning = ?Control ↔ Stability = ?Control ↔ Morale = ?Productivity ↔ Morale = ?X ↔ Y = ?

What is the distance between:

Quinn, R. E., and Rohrbaugh, J.A spatial model of effectiveness criteria: Towards a competing values approach to organizational analysis. Management Science, 1983, 29, 363-377.

Competing Values Framework of Organizational Effectiveness

AdaptabilityFlexibility

StabilityControl

External focusConcern w/ impact

Internal focusConcern w/ process

Means: Planning; goal setting

Ends: Productivity; efficiency

Ends: Stability; control

Means: Information management; communication

Means: Flexibility; readiness

Ends: Growth; resource acquisition

Ends: Human resource development

Means: Cohesion, morale

Internal Process Model

Human Relations Model Open Systems Model

Rational Goal Model

AdaptabilityFlexibility

StabilityControl

External focusConcern w/ impact

Internal focusConcern w/ process

Innovator

CoordinatorProducer

DirectorMonitor

BrokerFacilitator

Mentor

Internal Process Model

Human Relations Model Open Systems Model

Rational Goal ModelCoordinating Skills

Human Relations Skills Boundary Spanning Skills

Directing Skills

Accountabilityof decision

Efficiencyof decision

Goal-centeredprocess

Data-basedprocess

Legitimacyof decision

Supportabilityof decision

Adaptable process

Participatoryprocess

Human Relations Model Open Systems Model

Internal Process Model Rational Goal Model

Human Relations Skills Boundary Spanning Skills

Coordinating Skills Directing Skills

Relational Perspective Political Perspective

Empirical Perspective Rational Perspective

AdaptabilityFlexibility

StabilityControl

External focusConcern w/ impact

Internal focusConcern w/ process

Three high-order factors of group performance

Context Structure ProcessMcGrath(1964)

Environment-level Factors

Group-level Factors

Group Interaction Process

Gladstein(1984)

Organizational Resources/ Structure

Group Composition/ Structure

Group Process

Schwarz(2002)

Group Context Group Structure

Group Process

Context

Structure

Process

RELATIONAL POLITICAL

EMPIRICAL RATIONAL

Context Structure Process

Relational

Empirical

Political

Rational

Facilitator/Leadership

EffectivenessCompetencies IAF-HGF C. 30 P. 545

Values & EthicsIAF-HGF C. 26 P. 459

What you do

How they are difficult Why they are difficult.* What you can do.

* If you want truly to understand something, try to change it. ~ Kurt Lewin If you want truly to change something, try to understand it. ~ Sandy Schuman

Working With Difficult Groups

Facilitator/Leadership

Effectiveness

GroupEffectiveness

OrganizationalEffectiveness

SocietalEffectiveness

ProcessEffectiveness

GroupProblem-solving/ Decision-makingEffectiveness