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2012 SHEEO Higher Education Policy Conference. Working with business leaders and responding to changing workforce needs Nicole Smith August 2012. Universal Challenges. Recessions accelerate process of skills-biased technological change. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Working with business leaders and responding to changing workforce needs
Nicole SmithAugust 2012
2012 SHEEO Higher Education Policy Conference
Universal Challenges• Recessions accelerate process of skills-biased technological
change.
• Jobs that remain, require more and more postsecondary education and training.
• Fastest growing industries are the ones that use postsecondary education most intensely
• The United States has been underproducing college-educated workers for decades (Goldin/Katz).
• The undersupply of postsecondary-educated workers has contributed to inefficiency, inequity and mismatch
• If we continue to underproduce college-educated workers, the large and growing gap between the earnings of Americans of different educational attainment will grow even wider.
Skills biased technical change is the engine that favors services
SOURCE: The Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce analysis of Census and O*NET data
The Economic Value of College Education has increased over the past 40 years.
Wage growth by education level for men
Wage growth by education level for women
Source: Center on Education and the Workforce Analysis
We know that employment is related to education
Post recession 2007: The growth has been in college level jobs
The man-cession has an education dimension
About 65 percent $772 billion on education and training is spent outside of the formal postsecondary education system. (in
billions of dollars)
Characteristic of Mismatch Knowledge, skills, abilities that for all intents should have been
learned in the education system remain wanting. Even soft skills such as communication skills, networking, general people skills have grown in importance but remain insufficient.
5.6 million people in the US have been unemployed for six months or more.
43% of all unemployed and just over 4 percent of the entire labor force.
Disproportionately minorityMore likely to be male, Significantly more likely to have high school as the highest level
of education attained.
Skills matching depends upon both on non-cognitive and cognitive competencies
Physical and mechanical skills are on the decline
Cognitive skills are on the rise
Taxonomy of Tasks
TaskType
Task Description
Example Occupations
Potential Impact of
Computerization
Routine ‘Middle Skill’
• ‘Rules-based’• Repetitive• Procedural
• Bookkeepers• Assembly line workers
• Direct Substitution
Non-Routine Cognitive (‘Abstract’)‘High Skill’
• Abstract problem-solving• Mental flexibility
• Scientists• Attorneys• Managers• Doctors
• Strong Complementarity
Non-Routine Manual Tasks(‘Manual’)‘Low Skill’
• Environmental Adaptability• Interpersonal Adaptability
• Truck drivers• Security guards• Waiters• Maids/Janitors
• Limited Complementarity or Substitution
Our Responsibility
Impact Those “At Risk”:First generation college attendeesStrengthen high school to college pipelineImprove graduation ratesReduce need for remediationImprove workforce preparednessLeverage resources between public and private
sectors to support educational excellence
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