With Professor Kimberly Maring. Structuralism = Titchener Structuralism—Titchener’s system of...

With Professor Kimberly Maring

Structuralism = TitchenerStructuralism—Titchener’s system of

psychology, which dealt with the conscious

experience as dependent on experiencing

persons.

E. B. TitchenerCompare their lifetimes:

Wilhelm Wundt 1832 – 1920

E. B. Titchener 1867 – 1927

•Titchener studied Wundt and came back to

be the shining star of Cornell University

E. B. TitchenerCompare their lifetimes:

Wilhelm Wundt 1832 – 1920

E. B. Titchener 1867 – 1927

•Titchener studied Wundt and came back to

be the shining star of Cornell University

•Studied conscious experience through

experimentation followed by self-report in

contrast to Wundt’s outside evaluation and

timing.

E. B. TitchenerEthics – is the swallow-the-rubber-

tube experiment which Titchener

“urged” his students to do ethical?

Why would it be ethical?

Why would it not be ethical?

The End Does not Justify the MeansWhat does this mean?

Does the end ever justify the means?

Is this ever ethical?

E. B. Titchener/Structuralismconscious experience

introspection the elements of consciousness. 

Conscious Experience

“. . . The subject matter of psychology is conscious

experience as that experience is dependent on the

person who is actually experiencing it” (Schultz &

Schultz, 2011, p. 110).

How does this differ from what scientists in other fields of study do?

IntrospectionTitchener’s Self-Observation

IntrospectionTitchener’s Self-ObservationDescribe the elements of your conscious experience.

IntrospectionTitchener’s Self-Observation

Describe the elements of your conscious experience.

Type anything which comes to your conscious experience when I say . . .

AppleApple

Type anything which comes to your conscious experience when I say . . .

Elements of ConsciousnessDivided and evaluatedUsed today –

Bachelor of Science in psychology; Masters in Engineering;

the mind/machine interface

Women and Titchener Not allowed to conduct experiments

First doctorates for women

Views changed throughout Titchener’s lifetime. 

The Theory of Evolution

How does this Theory of

Evolution relate to

psychology?

The Theory of EvolutionPre-Darwin, science was done in homage to

God

The Theory of EvolutionPre-Darwin, science was done in homage to

GodIntellectuals proposed that Man was the

center and the work was done in “homage” to the mind of man

The Theory of EvolutionPre-Darwin, science was done in homage to GodIntellectuals proposed that Man was the center and

the work was done in “homage” to the mind of manDarwin used detailed observation to explore

questions - helped bolster the theory that was already out there and connected this theory to science

Charles Darwin, 1809-1882

The Theory of EvolutionHypothesis: continuity in mental functioning

between humans and lower animals

The Theory of EvolutionHypothesis: continuity in mental functioning

between humans and lower animalsImplied that the study animal behavior was

vital to understanding human behavior

The Theory of EvolutionHypothesis: continuity in mental functioning

between humans and lower animalsImplied that the study animal behavior was

vital to understanding human behaviorGoal of psychology became how the organism

functioned in adapting

The Theory of EvolutionHypothesis: continuity in mental functioning

between humans and lower animalsImplied that the study animal behavior was

vital to understanding human behaviorGoal of psychology became how the organism

functioned in adaptingMethods and techniques were broadened in

scope

The Theory of EvolutionHypothesis: continuity in mental functioning

between humans and lower animalsImplied that study animal behavior vital to

understanding human behaviorGoal of psychology became how organism

functioned in adaptingMethods and techniques were broadened in

scope Increased focus on individual differences and

their measurement

The Theory of EvolutionHow does this theory relate to psychology?ZeitgeistAnimal psychology parallels to humansLeads to the development of

Functionalism“vestigial organs”

The Theory of EvolutionHow does this theory relate to psychology?Zeitgeist

The Theory of EvolutionHow does this theory relate to psychology?ZeitgeistAnimal psychology parallels to humans

The Theory of EvolutionHow does this theory relate to psychology?ZeitgeistAnimal psychology parallels to humansLeads to the development of Functionalism

The Theory of EvolutionHow does this theory relate to psychology?ZeitgeistAnimal psychology parallels to humansLeads to the development of Functionalism

“vestigial organs”

Francis Galton – Eugenics •“Estimated I.Q. of 200” (Schultz & Schultz, 2011, p. 113).•Champion of his own purported greater intelligence, along with cousin Charles Darwin•Proponent of eugenics which influenced intellectuals of this era

“Galton’s goal was to encourage the birth of the more eminent or fit individuals in a society and to discourage the birth of the unfit” (Schultz & Schultz, p. 115).

1822-1911

Your Unit 4 ProjectAPADouble spaced, size 12 font either Arial or

Times New RomanPrint out rubric and use it for your writing

outlineDON’T use contractions!!! Do not! :)Proper in-text citation

(Schultz & Schultz, 2008).Direct quotation (Schultz & Schultz, 2008,

p. #).The # symbol you replace with the number of

the page.

Reference

Schultz, D. P. & Schultz, S. E.

(2011). A history of modern

psychology (10th ed.). Belmont,

CA: Wadsworth; Cengage

Learning.

Questions?See you on the boards!

Hand in those Unit 4 projects by

Tuesday!

Have a great week!