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Mapping of burnt areas at global level: current possibilities offered by optical Earth Observation Systems J-M. Grégoire 1 & P. A. Brivio 2 1 Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit - Space Applications Institute - Joint Research Centre - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Mapping of burnt areas at global level: current possibilities offered by optical Earth Observation
Systems
J-M. Grégoire 1 & P. A. Brivio 2
1 Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit - Space Applications Institute - Joint Research Centre2 Telerilevamento - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano
January 31st 2001
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Why looking at burnt areas at global level ?
Just because we are all a little bit fire-bug ?
Because it’s one of the 4 elements ?
Or because it’s a scientific issue ?
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
It’s a scientific issue for at least 3 reasons
Fire is a global scale phenomena
It has a direct impact on the vegetation cover type and condition,with consequences in terms of:- changes or maintenance of the vegetation cover- soil erosion- degradation, or maintenance, of the biodiversity
It has a direct impact on the chemistry of the lower troposphere, with3 major consequences:- the emission of large quantities of green house gases and of aerosols- the modification of the radiative transfer at the biosphere-atmosphereinterface- the acidification of precipitations
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Vegetation firesA global scale phenomena
There is at any time a fire burning somewhere at the surface of the Earth
Dwyer et al., 1999, J. of Biogeography
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Burning has a direct impact on the vegetation cover type and condition
Frequent burning is favouring the fire resistant species
Palm savanna - Ivory Coast
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Burning has a direct impact on the vegetation cover type and condition
Frequent burning is shaping the structure of the vegetation cover
Gallery forest - Ivory Coast
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Burning has a direct impact on soil erosion
Slash and burn agriculture - Vietnam/Laos borderSoil is totally unprotected against the heavy storms at the beginning of the rainy season
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Burning has a direct impact on the vegetation cover type and condition, withdeep impact on the biodiversity
Bolivia(Amazon Basin)
Suriname
Maintenance of a given habitat
Destruction of the habitat
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Vegetation fires have a direct impact on the chemistry of the lower troposphere
Importance of biomass burning as “ anthropogenic emissions sourceof greenhouse gases and aerosols” (Kyoto Protocol)
Species All human sources Biomass burning Global savannas fires(Tg/yr) (Tg/yr) % (Tg/yr) %
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CO2 33700a 13500 40 6070 18
CO 1600a 680 43 240 15
CH4 275a 43 16 9 3
Aerosols 390e 90 23 37 9Black carbon 90e 60 67 3 3-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a: Houghton et al., 1995e: Scholes & Andreae, 2000
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
What is a vegetation fire ?
What are we looking at ?
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Fire on the ground
Wet savanna - Cote d’Ivoire
Tropical woodland - Northern Australia
A narrow fire front runningthrough the savanna
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Fire as seen from low altitude air survey
Tropical woodland - Central African Republic
A fire front + a burnt area + a smoke plume
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Fire as seen from low resolution satellite imageryNorthern Australia - June 1st 1999 - 550km x 550km
SPOT-VEGETATION 10.30 am NOAA-AVHRR 4 pm
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
The use of satellite remote sensing
see second part by P.A. Briviofile: Insubria_Brivio.ppt
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Short-term perspectives
The Global Burnt Area 2000 initiative: GBA-2000Mapping, from SPOT-VEGETATION S1 imagery,of the areas burnt globally during the year 2000
The WORLD FIRE WEB NetworkA system for globally mapping vegetation fires in near real-time,using the NOAA-AVHRR satellite
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
GBA 2000: a network approachCSIRO(AU) - UTL(P) - NRI(UK) - CNR(I) - CCRS (CA) - CRG (CA) - IFI (RU) - SAI (EU)
GBA test-sites (white rectangles; indicative position), with corresponding geographical coordinates (Ul; LR corners)
63N - 81W44N - 55W(CRG)
62.5N-112W57N-104.5W(CCRS)
18N - 93W7N - 77W(NRI)
5S - 75W20S - 45W(UTL)
17S - 21E28S - 29E(NRI)
10S - 22E28S - 42E(UTL)
18N - 18W0 - 52E(CNR)
44N - 10W36N - 0(UTL)
11S - 125E21S - 135E(CSIRO)
60N - 118E48N - 140E(IFI)
68N - 45E60N - 60E(IFI)
55N - 115E40N - 135E(UTL)
10S - 125E18S - 146E(GVM)
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Year 2001
The WORLD FIRE WEB Network
18 regional fire monitoring centres
Space Applications Institute(jmg/Publi/Varese_2001/Seminar_Insubria.ppt) Global Vegetation Monitoring Unit
Ahern F., et al., 2000, Forest fire monitoring and mapping: a component of Global Observation of Forest Cover.Publications of the European Commission, EUR 19588, Luxembourg, 253 pp.
Barbosa P.M., et al., 1999, An assessment of vegetation fire in Africa (1981-1991): burned areas, burned biomass andatmospheric emissions. Global Biogeochemical Cycles,Vol. 13 , No. 04 , p. 933-950.
Brivio P. A. e J.-M. Grégoire, 1997, Gli incendi nella fascia tropicale del globo: aspetti metodologici nell'analisi dei datida satellite. Rivista Italiana di Telerilevamento, n. 11, pp. 17-26.
Dwyer E., et al., 1999, Characterization of the spatio-temporal patterns of global fire activity using satellite imageryfor the period April 1992 to March 1993. J. of Biogeography, Vol 27, pp 57 – 69.
Grégoire J-M. , et al., 1999, Satellite monitoring of vegetation fires for EXPRESSO: Outline of activity and relativeimportance of the study area in the continental context and global context of biomass burning.J. Geophysical Res, Vol. 104 , D23 , 30,691-30,699.
Grégoire J-M., et al., 2000, The SMOKO experiment: development and test of a multi-systems approach to burntarea mapping from optical, thermal and microwave satellite data. Publication of the European Commission,EUR 19596 EN, 74 pp.
Stroppiana D., et al., The Global Fire Product: daily fire occurrence, from April 1992 to December 1993, derived fromNOAA-AVHRR data. Int. J. of Remote Sensing, Vol. 21, No. 6/7, April 2000, 1279-1288.
Thank you toLuigi Boschetti CNR/Milan mapping burnt areas from geostationnary satellitesEdward Dywer SARMAP mapping fires from AVHRRMarta Maggi CNR/Milan mapping burnt areas from AVHRR and VGT dataSimon Pinnock JRC/Ispra responsible World Fire Web networkDaniela Stroppiana JRC/Ispra mapping burnt areas from VGT dataand all the friends around the world who contribute to the World Fire Web and Global Burnt Area networks
Some references
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