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WHS AP Psychology
Unit 6: Cognition
Essential Task 6-1: Define cognition and identify how the following interact to form our cognitive life: schemata/concepts, prototypes, assimilation, accommodation, effortful processing, and unconscious processing.
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Unit 6:
CognitionUnit 6:
Cognition
Problem Solving
Techniques
Problem Solving
Techniques
Decision Making
Techniques
Decision Making
Techniques
Acquisition and use of Language
Acquisition and use of Language
HeuristicsAlgorithms Compensatory Models
Biological Factors
Cognitive Factors
Representativeness Heuristic
Availability Heuristic
Cultural Factors
MemoryMemory
Obstacles to Decision Making
Obstacles to Problem Solving
Information Processing
Model
StorageEncoding Retrieval
Essential Task 6-1:
• Cognition definition• Identify how the following interact to
form our cognitive life: – schemata/concepts– prototypes – Assimilation & Accommodation– effortful processing & unconscious
processing
Outline
Cognition Definition
Cognition, or thinking, refers to a process that involves knowing, understanding, remembering,
problem solving and communicating.
Purposeful!
Cognitive Psychology
Cognition involves a number of mental activities, which are listed below. 1. Concepts
2. Problem solving3. Decision making4. Judgment formation5. Language6. Memory
Schema or Concept
The mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people. There are a variety of
chairs but their common features make up your CHAIR schema
Chair Schema Characteristics?
• Furniture• Seat• Four Legs• Back• Arms• Sits one person• Cushioned• Made of wood
Schemata can get fuzzy
• Is a whale a mammal?• Are penguins and kiwis birds?• Are 17 year old people children or
adults• People more easily detect male
prejudice against females than female against males or female against female
Can I read your mind?
1. State a color.2. Name or draw a triangle.3. List the first type of motor vehicle that comes to
mind.4. Write a sentence5. Give me a hero.6. Describe a heroic act7. Game8. Philosopher9. Writer10. Pop Star
I gave schemata and tried to predict prototypes.1. red or blue2. a picture of an equilateral triangle3. a car4. a short declarative statement, e.g., “The boy an
home.”5. Superman, Batman, or possibly a fireman6. a single act by a male, e.g. a rescue by a fireman7. monopoly or some other board game8. Socrates or Aristotle9. Stephen King, or some other white male author10. Spears or Tay Swift
Prototypes
A prototype is the BEST example or cognitive representation of something within a certain schema or concept.
SchemaList characteristics that make a place a college or university.
PrototypeNow list a specific college that BEST represents or embodies those characteristics.
Categories
Once we place an item in a category, our memory shifts toward the category prototype.
A computer generated face that was 70 percentCaucasian led people to classify it as Caucasian.
Courtesy of O
liver Corneille
Schema
• Developmental Psychologist Jean Piaget believed that children develop and modify schema by two processes:
•Assimilation
•Accommodation
• Assimilation incorporates new experiences into existing mental structures and behaviors
• Example: a toddler who has a chocolate lab at home would also incorporate Dalmatians into her schema of dog.
Assimilation
Accommodation
• Accommodation occurs when a child’s theories are modified based on an experience
• Example- The baby with a theory of dogs is surprised the first time she sees a cat- it resembles a dog, but meows instead of barks and rubs up against her rather thank licking
• The baby must REVISE her previous theory to include this new kind of animal
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