Whole Body Terms Dr. Michael P. Gillespie

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Whole Body Whole Body TermsTerms

Dr. Michael P. Dr. Michael P. GillespieGillespie

Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2

Chapter Goals

D

efine terms that apply to the structural organization of the body.

I

dentify the body cavities and recognize the organs contained within those

cavities.

L

ocate and identify the anatomical and clinical divisions of the abdomen.

L

ocate and name the anatomical divisions of the back.

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Chapter Goals

B

ecome acquainted with terms that describe

positions, directions, and planes of the body.

I

dentify the meanings for new word elements and use

them to understand medical terms.

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Structural Organization of the Body

C

ELLS

T

ISSUES

O

RGANS

S

YSTEMS

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Structural Organization of the Body

C

ells—Fundamental units of all

living things

M

ajor parts of a cell include:• chromosomes• nucleus• cell membrane• cytoplasm

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Structural Organization of the BodyC

ELL—the fundamental unit of all living things

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m

etabolism

a

nabolism

c

atabolism

c

ell membrane

c

hromosomes

c

ytoplasm

D

NA

Study Section 1e

ndoplasmic reticulum

g

enes

k

aryotype

m

etabolism

m

itochondria

n

ucleus

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Structural Organization of the BodyC

ells are specialized to carry

out individual functions.

S

ome cell types• Epithelial cell• Fat cell• Nerve cell• Muscle cell

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Structural Organization of the Body

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Structural Organization of the Body

T

issues

D

ifferent tissue types include: Epithelial Tissue Muscle Tissue Connective Tissue Nerve Tissue

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Structural Organization of the Body

O

rgans: Different types of tissue combine to form

an organ

S

ystems: Groups of organs working together to

perform complex functions

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a

dipose tissue

c

artilage

e

pithelial cells

h

istologist

l

arynx

p

harynx

p

ituitary gland

Study Section 2t

hyroid gland

t

rachea

u

reter

u

rethra

u

terus

v

iscera

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C

ranial

T

horacic

A

bdominal

P

elvic

S

pinal

Body Cavities and Organs

Brain

Lungs and heart

Stomach, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas

Portions of the small and large intestines, bladder, rectum

Nerves of the spinal cord

Cavity Cavity Organ(s)Organ(s)

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Body CavitiesI

dentify the body cavities in

the figure

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Body CavitiesB

ody cavities are the

spaces within the body

that contain internal

organs (viscera).

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QUICK QUIZ:

1. Which body cavity contains the

pleural cavity and the mediastinum?

A. cranial

B. pelvic

C. spinal

D. thoracic

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QUICK QUIZ:

2. Which body cavity contains

the peritoneum?A.abdominalB.pelvicC.spinalD.thoracic

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Organs of the Abdominopelvic and Thoracic Cavities

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Organs of the Abdominopelvic and Thoracic Cavities

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a

bdominal cavity

c

ranial cavity

d

iaphragm

d

orsal (posterior)

m

ediastinum

Study Section 3p

leura

p

leural cavity

s

pinal cavity

t

horacic cavity

v

entral (anterior)

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Abdominopelvic Regions

Regions

• Right Hypochondriac region• Left Hypochondriac region • Epigastric region • Right Lumbar region• Left Lumbar region • Umbilical region • Right Inguinal region• Left Inguinal region• Hypogastric region

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Abdominopelvic Regions

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Abdominopelvic Regions

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Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Q

uadrants • Right upper quadrant (RUQ) • Left upper quadrant (LUQ)• Right lower quadrant (RLQ) • Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

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Abdominopelvic Quadrants

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Abdominopelvic Quadrants

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Anatomical Divisions of the Back

C

ervical

T

horacic

L

umbar

S

acral

C

occygeal

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Anatomical Divisions of the Back

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Anatomical Divisions of the Back

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QUICK QUIZ:

3. Name the abdominopelvic region

that is located in the central region

near the navel.A. inguinalB. umbilicalC. lumbarD. hypochondriac

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QUICK QUIZ:

4. Name the abdominopelvic region

that is located in the lower middle

below the umbilical region.A. inguinalB. epigastricC. lumbarD. hypogastric

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Positions, Directions, and Planes of the Body

Positional and Directional Terms • Anterior (ventral) • Posterior (dorsal) • Deep • Superficial • Proximal • Distal • Inferior • Superior

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Positional and Directional Terms

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Positional and Directional Terms

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Positions, Directions, and Planes of the Body

P

ositional and Directional Terms (cont’d)• Medial• Lateral• Supine• Prone

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Positions, Directions, and Planes of the Body

P

lanes of the Body • Frontal (coronal) • Sagittal (lateral) • Transverse (cross-sectional or axial)

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Positional and Directional Terms

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Positional and Directional Terms

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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes

a

bdomin/o abdomen

a

dip/o fat

a

nter/o front

b

ol/o to cast (throw)

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes

c

ervic/o neck (of the body or uterus)

c

hondr/o cartilage

c

hrom/o color

c

occyg/o coccyx (tailbone)

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes

crani/

o skull

cyt/o

cell

dist/o

far, distant

dors/o

back portion of the body

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Combining Forms, Suffixes and Prefixes

h

ist/o tissue

i

li/o ilium (of the pelvic bone)

i

nguin/o groin

k

ary/o nucleus

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes

l

ater/o side

l

umb/o lower back

m

edi/o middle

n

ucle/o nucleus

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes

p

elv/i pelvis

p

oster/o back, behind

p

roxim/o nearest

s

acr/o sacrum

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes

s

arc/o flesh

s

pin/o spine, backbone

t

hel/o nipple

t

horac/o chest

t

rache/o trachea, windpipe

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes

u

mbilic/o navel, umbilicus

v

entr/o belly side of the body

v

ertebro vertebra(e), backbone(s)

v

iscer/o internal organs

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes

a

na- up

cata- down

epi- above

hypo- below

inter- between

meta- change

Combining FormCombining Form MeaningMeaning

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Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes

-eal pertaining

to

-iac pertaining to

-ior pertaining to

-ism process,

condition

-ose pertaining to,

full of

-plasm formation

-somes bodies

-type picture,

classification

SuffixSuffix Meaning Meaning

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QUICK QUIZ:

5. Which term means process

of cutting the skull?A. thoracotomyB. craniotomyC. diskectomyD. arthroscopy

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Pronunciation Guide Review

ā

as in āpe

ē

as in ēven

ī

as in īce

ō

as in ōpen

ū

as in ūnit

ă

as in ăpple

ĕ

as in ĕvery

ĭ

as in ĭnterest

ŏ

as in pŏt

ŭ

as in ŭnder

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PronunciationE

xamples:

a

dipose ĂD-ĭ-pōs

c

audal KAWD- ăl

d

istal DĬS-tăl

t

rachea TRĀ-kē-ă