Who Does What - Environmental Science & Policy · AASHTO. League of Cities. etc. American Road...

Who Does WhatSusan Handy

TTP282October 2017

So who does the supplying?

Who is involved in deciding what kind of transportation system we will have?

Players

Government Industry

Citizens/Consumers

Players

Government Industry

Citizens/Consumers

HighwaysTransitPortsAirportsetc.

RailroadsVehiclesTruckingTaxis/shuttlesetc.

Players

Government Industry

Citizens/Consumers

HighwaysTransitPortsAirportsetc.

RailroadsVehiclesTruckingTaxis/shuttlesetc.

AASHTOLeague of Cities

etc.

American Road Builders Association,

etc.

T4America,Calif Bicycle Coalition

etc.

Institute of Transportation

Engineers

GovernmentResponsibility

Roads

Some rails

Transit service

Bike and ped facilities

Federal

State

Local

Metropolitan Planning Organizations

Transit Agencies

Levels of Government

Branches of Government

Legislative Branch

Passes laws and budget

Administrative Branch

Spends moneySets rules and guidelines

Judicial Branch

Makes sure that activities don’t…-Violate rights (constitutional)-Violate laws (statutory case)

Government Mechanisms

Federal

State

Regional

Local

$with strings

attachedState System

Regional System

Local System

Proposed projects

How it works for the road system…

Federal Agencies

Plus others…

US DOT

FHWA FTA

Transportation Planning Agencies

Level Agency Funding Long-Range Plans Project Selection Project Implementation

Federal US DOT Federal gas tax Sets requirements for states, MPOs, transit

State Caltrans State gas tax+federal $

For stateSets requirements for local govt

Outside metro areas –State TIP

Build and maintain highways

Region MPOs Regional sales tax+federal, state $

For metro area Inside metro areas –Regional TIP

Transit agencies Regional sales tax, fares+federal, state $

For transit Transit projects, for inclusion in Regional TIP

Build and operate transit facilities

Local Planning DPW Property tax, fees+federal, state, regional $

For city, under state law

Inside city – Capital Improvement Program

Build and maintain local roads, bike/pedfacilities

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Note: even Interstates are built, owned, maintained by states

NHS in Northern California

Recent Authorization Bills

ISTEA 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act

TEA-21 1998 Transportation Equity Act

SAFETEA-LU

2005 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users

MAP-21 2012 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st

Century

FAST Act 2015 Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act

Funding

Planning Requirements

FAST ActFixing America’s Surface Transportation

• Signed into law December 4, 2015

• $304 billion for FY 2016-2020

• Builds on the program structure and reforms of MAP-21

• Continued focus on accelerating project delivery

• New focus on freight

• Provides a new tribal self-governance option

Other Federal Policy

• Clean Air Act• Energy Policy Conservation Act • National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)• Executive Order on Environmental Justice

US EPA

Primary Air Quality Standards forTransportation-related Pollutant

Pollutant Type of Average Concentration

CO 8-hour1-hour

9 ppm (10mg/m3)35 ppm (40 mg/m3)

O38-hour1-hour

0.08 ppm (157 mg/m3)0.12 ppm (235mg/m3)

PM2.5Annual24-hour

15 ug/m3

65 ug/m3

PM10Annual24-hour

50 ug/m3

150 ug/m3

ppm = parts per millionmg/m3 = milligrams per meter cubedug/m3 = micrograms per meter cubed

Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/aqfactbk/factbk1.htm

Source: http://airandliquidadvisors.com/non-attainment.html

Energy Policy Conservation Act

https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/transportation_statistics_annual_report/2013/figure8_6.html

NEPA – National Environmental Policy Act• Requires federal agencies to integrate

environmental values into their decision making processes by considering the environmental impacts of their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those actions.

• To meet requirements, federal agencies prepare a detailed statement known as an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS).

Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ej2000.htm

"No person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance." - Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

"Each Federal agency shall make achieving environmental justice part of its mission by identifying and addressing, as appropriate, disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects of its programs, policies, and activities on minority populations and low-income populations." - Executive Order 12898, Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations, 1994

Environmental Justice (EJ)

To avoid, minimize, or mitigate disproportionately high and adverse human health and environmental effects, including social and economic effects, on minority populations and low-income populations.

To ensure the full and fair participation by all potentially affected communities in the transportation decision-making process.

To prevent the denial of, reduction in, or significant delay in the receipt of benefits by minority and low-income populations.

Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/ej2000.htm

EJ Principles

State Agencies

State DOT

Transportation Planning Agencies

Level Agency Funding Long-Range Plans Project Selection Project Implementation

Federal US DOT Federal gas tax Sets requirements for states, MPOs, transit

State Caltrans State gas tax+federal $

For stateSets requirements for local govt

Outside metro areas –State TIP

Build and maintain highways

Region MPOs Regional sales tax+federal, state $

For metro area Inside metro areas –Regional TIP

Transit agencies Regional sales tax, fares+federal, state $

For transit Transit projects, for inclusion in Regional TIP

Build and operate transit facilities

Local Planning DPW Property tax, fees+federal, state, regional $

For city, under state law

Inside city – Capital Improvement Program

Build and maintain local roads, bike/pedfacilities

Maintenance

Operations

In California

Federal Policy California PolicyClean Air Act California Clean Air Act

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)

Water Quality Act California Water Quality Act

n/a AB32, SB375, SB32, etc.Climate Change Policy

Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs)

Metropolitan Planning Organizations

“A Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) is a transportation policy-making body… with authority and responsibility in metropolitan planning areas.” – Federal law

• Mandated by federal government in urbanized areas of 50,000+ population

• MPOs in areas over 200,000 population are Transportation Management Agencies (TMAs) with extra responsibilities

SACOGSacramento Area Council of Governments

Transportation Planning Agencies

Level Agency Funding Long-Range Plans Project Selection Project Implementation

Federal US DOT Federal gas tax Sets requirements for states, MPOs, transit

State Caltrans State gas tax+federal $

For stateSets requirements for local govt

Outside metro areas –State TIP

Build and maintain highways

Region MPOs Regional sales tax+federal, state $

For metro area Inside metro areas –Regional TIP

Transit agencies Regional sales tax, fares+federal, state $

For transit Transit projects, for inclusion in Regional TIP

Build and operate transit facilities

Local Planning DPW Property tax, fees+federal, state, regional $

For city, under state law

Inside city – Capital Improvement Program

Build and maintain local roads, bike/pedfacilities

Transportation planning and programming

Planning:• Developing a vision• Creating policies and

strategies to support the vision

• Long-term horizon

Programming:• Prioritizing proposed projects• Matching projects with

available funds• Short-term horizon

Long-Range Plan(LRP)

Transportation Improvement Program

(TIP)

see ECI 251

Also in California…

• Regional Transportation Planning Agencies (RTPAs)• Congestion Management Agencies (CMAs)• County Transportation Commission (CTC) or Authority (CTA)

Air Quality Management Districts (AQMDs)

http://www.arb.ca.gov/drdb/dismap.htm

Air basins

Transit AgenciesCity County Regional

Transportation Planning Agencies

Level Agency Funding Long-Range Plans Project Selection Project Implementation

Federal US DOT Federal gas tax Sets requirements for states, MPOs, transit

State Caltrans State gas tax+federal $

For stateSets requirements for local govt

Outside metro areas –State TIP

Build and maintain highways

Region MPOs Regional sales tax+federal, state $

For metro area Inside metro areas –Regional TIP

Transit agencies Regional sales tax, fares+federal, state $

For transit Transit projects, for inclusion in Regional TIP

Build and operate transit facilities

Local Planning DPW Property tax, fees+federal, state, regional $

For city, under state law

Inside city – Capital Improvement Program

Build and maintain local roads, bike/pedfacilities

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Local Level

Cities Counties

Transportation Planning Agencies

Level Agency Funding Long-Range Plans Project Selection Project Implementation

Federal US DOT Federal gas tax Sets requirements for states, MPOs, transit

State Caltrans State gas tax+federal $

For stateSets requirements for local govt

Outside metro areas –State TIP

Build and maintain highways

Region MPOs Regional sales tax+federal, state $

For metro area Inside metro areas –Regional TIP

Transit agencies Regional sales tax, fares+federal, state $

For transit Transit projects, for inclusion in Regional TIP

Build and operate transit facilities

Local Planning DPW Property tax, fees+federal, state, regional $

For city, under state law

Inside city – Capital Improvement Program

Build and maintain local roads, bike/pedfacilities

“Public Works performs administrative, technical and operational activities in support of the City’s infrastructure and related services in the following areas; Transportation, Waste Water, Storm Drainage, Water, Engineering, Solid Waste, Fleet, Building Facilities and Capital Improvements. The Department strives to protect the City’s investment in its infrastructure and public facilities, plans for future improvements to address changing needs, and ensure the health and safety of the community in the most efficient and cost effective manner.”

City of DavisPublic Works Department

http://public-works.cityofdavis.org/

Street hierarchy

Local

Shared – local, regional, state

Source: http://www.ashland.or.us/Files/street%20standards_001.pdf

Under and over I-80 and the railroad tracks

Level Transportation Agencies

Land Use Agencies

Federal FHWAFTA

none

State DOT none

Regional MPOTransit

none

Local City and county planning and public works departments

City and county planning department

Transportation vs. Land Use Planning

See ESP 171

Next up: Traffic flow!

From 12:30 to 1:30!