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When Grids gets smart Claes Rytoft Senior Vice President ABB. World Forum on Energy Regulation IV Athens, Greece October 18 - 21, 2009. 40,000. 30,000. 20,000. Terawatt hours (TWh). 10,000. 1990. 2004. 2015. 2030. Electricity consumption set to double by 2030. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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When Grids gets smart Claes Rytoft
Senior Vice President ABB
World Forum on Energy Regulation IVAthens, Greece
October 18 - 21, 2009
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Electricity consumption set to double by 2030
0
3'000
6'000
9'000
12'000
15'000
18'000
0
5'000
10'000
15'000
20'000
25'000
30'000
35'000
40'000
1990 2004 2015 2030
in T
Wh
1990 2004 2015 2030
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
Te
raw
att
ho
urs
(T
Wh
) • Avg. global annual growth rate 2.5 %
• Highest growth rate in Asia :4.5 %
• China to consume more than US before 2015
Electricity consumption in kWh per capita
World avg: 3,240
Electricity consumption growth/yr 2006-30 in %
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5%
India
China
Middle East
Brazil
North America
OECD Europe
Japan
Source: IEA,
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Energy efficiency and renewable power canprovide almost 80 percent of the targeted reduction
An
nu
al
em
iss
ion
of
CO 2
in G
iga
ton
s
SourceIEA 2008
550*policy
scenario
* ppm concentration in the atmosphere
20
25
30
35
40
45
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Reference scenario 550 policy scenario 450 policy scenario
450*policy
scenario9%
14%
23%
54%
Energy efficiency
Renewables
CCS
Nuclear
An
nu
al
em
iss
ion
of
CO 2
in G
iga
ton
s
SourceIEA 2008
550*policy
scenario
* ppm concentration in the atmosphere
20
25
30
35
40
45
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Reference scenario 550 policy scenario 450 policy scenario
450*policy
scenario9%
14%
23%
54%
Energy efficiency
Renewables
CCS
Nuclear
Climate change concerns need to be addressed
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
More renewable power generation
Impact on grid stability and efficiency
Energy efficiency
Distributed and intermittent generation
Customer pricing expected to foster demand responses
Grids of the future will be different from those of the past Open for all types and sizes of generation technologies
Integrating demand side in system operation
Fundamental changes in power supply are coming
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Evolution of grid designFrom traditional to future grids
• Centralized power generation• One-directional power flow• Generation follows load• Operation based on historical
experience• Limited grid accessibility for new
producers
• Centralized and distributed power generation
• Intermittent renewable power generation• Consumers become also producers• Multi-directional power flow• Load adapted to production • Operation based more on real-time data
tra
dit
ion
al g
rid
sfu
ture
gri
ds
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Impact of Smart Grids - example of challenges
Generators: – Optimize ‘spinning reserves’ with
increased amount of renewables
Transmission utilities:– Maintain grid stability with increased
amount of renewables– Reduce transmission losses
Distribution utilities:– Maintain protection system integrity
with increased amount of renewables– Demand Response and real time price
information– Reduce distribution losses
Consumers: – Optimize electricity consumption –
home automation (incl. local generation PV, vehicle,….)
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Impact of Smart Grids – example of challenges
Source : Statnett
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Balancing the need for more power with lower climate impact
Demand response
Connectinggrids
More power
Renewablesintegration
Plug-invehicles
Power flowcontrol
Key enabler:ICT - Information & Control Technologies
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Demand response
ConsumerDSOHome Energy Management
System
Electrical connection
Bi-directional communicationNCC (control room)
• Consumer interaction and services
• Improved load management
• Enhanced reliability
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Example SmartGrid projects from ABB
BorWin 1
Off shore wind park HVDC Grid Connection, Germany-Lowers CO2 emissions by ~1.5 mill. t/yr by replacing fossil-fuel generation
2000 km HVDC line to connect hydro power, China-93% efficiency
-Savings vs AC line enough to supply power to more than 1 million consumers in China
PV Solar plant in Spain
- Produces 2.2 GWh/yr, displaces 2,200t greenhouse gas emissions p.a.
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Surface of Sahara9 million km2
Area needed to produce all European
electricity18 000 km2
Area needed for all world energy 650 000
km2
Connecting large scale solar-based generation eg, deserts, with distant load centers via an efficient
transmission system like HVDC
Future scenario:Solar power from Sahara
Claes Rytoft - World Forum on Energy Regulation IV - Athens, Greece - October 18-21, 2009
Do smart grids matter?
Source: DoE and NETL
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