View
215
Download
2
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
What Shapes An Ecosystem?
What Shapes An Ecosystem?
• Biotic Factors--The characters• (All of the organisms in the
community)
• Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving factors--amount of water, sunlight etc.
• Biotic Factors--The characters• (All of the organisms in the
community)
• Abiotic Factors--The climate and all of the nonliving factors--amount of water, sunlight etc.
• The Niche (The occupation of the organism) Also shapes the Ecosystem
• The Habitat (The organism’s address)
• The Niche (The occupation of the organism) Also shapes the Ecosystem
• The Habitat (The organism’s address)
Community InteractionsCommunity Interactions
• Are forms of symbiosis that have a major affect on Ecosystems
• Competetion• Predation• Symbiosis--2 species live closely
together-- There are 3 types-- 1) Mutualism--both + 2) Commensalism-- + 0 3) Parisitism-- + -
• Are forms of symbiosis that have a major affect on Ecosystems
• Competetion• Predation• Symbiosis--2 species live closely
together-- There are 3 types-- 1) Mutualism--both + 2) Commensalism-- + 0 3) Parisitism-- + -
Competitive Exclusion Principle
Competitive Exclusion Principle
• 2 species cannot occupy the same niche--Why?
• One will out-compete the other and exclude it
• May lead to resource partitioning--(Warbler example)
• 2 species cannot occupy the same niche--Why?
• One will out-compete the other and exclude it
• May lead to resource partitioning--(Warbler example)
Ecological SuccessionEcological Succession
• The changes that happen in a community over time, in the species composition
• Usually predictable• Generally, 2 types (On land or in
water)• Primary• Secondary
• The changes that happen in a community over time, in the species composition
• Usually predictable• Generally, 2 types (On land or in
water)• Primary• Secondary
Forest Succession in New England
Forest Succession in New England
• Primary--Begins with bare rock
(After the Glaciers melted 10,000 yrs bp)
(Pioneer Species)Lichens----> Break down rock, create soil
Mosses----> Grasses & Herbs.---> Shrubs
• Primary--Begins with bare rock
(After the Glaciers melted 10,000 yrs bp)
(Pioneer Species)Lichens----> Break down rock, create soil
Mosses----> Grasses & Herbs.---> Shrubs
THE END
Shade Intolerant Trees (Pioneers)
White Pine, Fire Cherry, Grey Birch, White Spruce
Shade Tolerant Trees (Climax species)
Sugar Maple, Beech, Golden Birch, White Ash
Shade Intolerant Trees (Pioneers)
White Pine, Fire Cherry, Grey Birch, White Spruce
Shade Tolerant Trees (Climax species)
Sugar Maple, Beech, Golden Birch, White Ash
The, “Results” of Ecosystem Shaping
The, “Results” of Ecosystem Shaping
• Biomes--Unique flora (plants) and fauna (animals)
• Determined by climate and microclimate
• Major Biomes? About 10Desert, Tundra, Grassland (Veldt), Taiga
(Boreal) Forest, Deciduous Forest, Temperate Rain Forest, Tropical rain Forest, Savanna, Mediterranean Forest
• Biomes--Unique flora (plants) and fauna (animals)
• Determined by climate and microclimate
• Major Biomes? About 10Desert, Tundra, Grassland (Veldt), Taiga
(Boreal) Forest, Deciduous Forest, Temperate Rain Forest, Tropical rain Forest, Savanna, Mediterranean Forest
Aquatic Ecosystems & Biomes
Aquatic Ecosystems & Biomes
• Freshwater-- Still (Lentic) Lakes, Wetlands Ponds,
• Moving (Lotic) Rivers and Streams
• Marine-- Estuaries--Where rivers meet the sea--The upper depths are freshwater and the lower depths are salt water Why?
• Freshwater-- Still (Lentic) Lakes, Wetlands Ponds,
• Moving (Lotic) Rivers and Streams
• Marine-- Estuaries--Where rivers meet the sea--The upper depths are freshwater and the lower depths are salt water Why?
Marine EcosystemsMarine Ecosystems
• Intertidal Zone-- Area exposed and influenced by the tides
• Benthic Zone--The bottom• Pelagic Zone--The open ocean• Photic & Aphotic Zone--Where
light penetrates or is absent
• Intertidal Zone-- Area exposed and influenced by the tides
• Benthic Zone--The bottom• Pelagic Zone--The open ocean• Photic & Aphotic Zone--Where
light penetrates or is absent
Recommended