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What makes a city smart(er)?
Alexander Ståhle
PhD Urban design, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
CEO, Spacescape
alexander.stahle@spacescape.se
What is a city?
What is a city?
A place with high social interaction
City size
Interaction (per capita)
“Cities are
proximity, density, closeness.”
Edward Glaeser, Harvard University
What is ”smart”?
What is ”smart”?
Higher interaction leads to faster innovation
Urbanization
ICT use
Knowledge clustering Land use density
Dense walkable places attract smartness
80% of innovations out of office
90% of office market is walkability
1. Public transport 2. Shops & restaurants 3. Office clusters
SHOPS
DENSI
TY DENSI
TY
SHOPS
STOCKHOLM MALMÖ ÖREBRO
RESTAURANTS
DENSI
TY
Walkability needs density
DENSI
TY
DENSI
TY
SERVI
CE
SERVI
CE SERVI
CE
Density
Trav
el
Density is car-independency
There is good and bad density
Vad gör en attraktiv
plats?
Fungerar planen som det
var tänkt?
Vad skapar närhet och
flöden? Good density = Good public space
90% of housing market is walkability
Walkability drives US cities as well
”It is pedestrians, not cars,
that drives the economy.”
Janette Sadik Khan, NYC DOT & NACTO
Connecting places of interaction
Office Healthcare
Education Places
Homes
Connecting by private pods
Home
Office
Retail
Healthcare
Education
Places
Connecting through public space
Home
Office
Retail
Healthcare
Education
Places
“City transport is about moving people, not vehicles”
Rachel Kyte, World Bank
A smart(er) city is…
A place with….
A smart(er) city is…
A place with….
a high(er) interaction…
A smart(er) city is…
A place with….
…to a low(er) cost
a high(er) interaction…
Where is the interaction?
Low interaction
High interaction (Face-to-face)
INTERACTION
Highways
Homes
Bikeways
Railways
Workplaces
Walkspace
What is the cost?
Low cost High cost
COST
Highways Railways
Walkspace Bikeways
Workplaces Offices
Low cost High cost
Low interaction
High interaction
COST
INTERACTION
Where is the smart(er) city?
Low cost High cost
Low interaction
High interaction
COST
INTERACTION
Where is the smart(er) city?
Highways
Homes
Bikeways
Railways
Workplaces
Walkspace
This is not smart city
This is high cost low interaction
This is smart city
This is low cost high interaction
Top ten smart city technologies creating high interaction at low cost
10. The robot car
“In a decade we might not own cars.”
Eric Garcetti, Mayor of Los Angeles
9. The service drone
“Drones for good” initiative (UAE)
8. The high speed train
Shinkansen, TGV, Intercity Express, Eurostar
7. BRT and the subway
Sthlm and NY have 70% transit commute.
Avarage commute in Hong Kong 11 min.
6. Bike network and electric bike
Cph & Amsterdam have 40% bike commuting.
5. Parklets, food trucks, containers
10-20% of city space is parking (car storage).
4. The park and the plaza
Urban recreation is high interaction and value.
3. The mix use familyfriendly block
A downtown for all decreases sprawl.
2. The smartphone Helsinki’s new mobility-in-demand-system integrates all
forms of shared and public transport in a single payment
network could essentially render private cars obsolete.
1. The sidewalk
Movement space and public-private interface
” High quality sidewalks are the most basic
element of a democratic city.”
Enrique Penalosa, ITDP
“The compact walkable city enhance livelihoods for the poor through affordable mobility. It
lower social segregation through proximity of affordable housing to places of work.”
Joan Clos, UN Habitat
Janette Sadik Khan, NYC DOT & NACTO
from TedTalk sept 2013
Thank you!
Alexander Ståhle
PhD Urban design, KTH Royal Institute of Technology
CEO, Spacescape
alexander.stahle@spacescape.se
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