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WORLD WAR IThe Great War
What is Nationalism?
When is war justified?
When is killing acceptable?
Questions.
1. MAIN Causes2. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare: German
policy of sinking all ships entering their water.
3. Zimmerman Telegram: Promises Mexico lost territory in US in return for alliance with Germany inWWI.
4. Lusitania: British Passenger ship, sunk by German U-Boat. Hastens US entry into WWI.
5. Allies: England, France, Russia, USA6. Central Powers: Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Ottoman Empire.7. Espionage & Sedition Acts: Crime to
interfere with US Draft or publish anything “..disloyal or profane” about the US or Constitution.
Key Terms, WWI
8. Schenck V. US: 1919, Free speech can be restricted in time of War. Prevents words which create a “clear and present danger”. (FIRE)
9. Red Scare: Fear of Socialism/Communism in US
10.14 Points: Wilson’s plan for Peace after WWI. League of Nations.
11.Self Determination: national groups and countries make their own decisions.
12.League of Nations: guarantee peace through diplomacy.
13.Reparations: War Debt, Germans forced to pay.
14.Treaty of Versailles: Ended WWI, caused WWII
15.Dawes Plan: 1924. US Lends $ to Germany.
Key Terms, WWI
MAIN CAUSESMILITARISM: Glorification of military power. Arms race led to fear and desire to use new industrial weapons.
AlliancesSuspicions led
to alliances. TRIPLE
ALLIANCE: Germany, Austria/Hungary, Italy
TRIPLE ENTENTE: Britain, France, Russia
ImperialismCompetition for land and resources created rivalries in Africa.
US Involvement in Latin America and Asia has increased tension with European Nations.
Germany/British/French/Italian tension due to nationalism.
USA “Turner Thesis”, Panama Canal, Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
“White Man’s Burden”
NATIONALISM
The assasination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by a Serbian radical.
Wanted Bosnia to be free from Austrian Control.
A/H declares war on Serbia and WWI begins.
FINAL SPARK
M: militarismA: alliancesI: imperialismN: nationalism
Final spark: The assassination
MAIN CAUSES
Cultural ties to Europe (immigration)
Economic ties. Exports to Germany fell 316 million dollars from 1914-1916.
Propaganda: pro-allies*Unrestricted Submarine Warfare.
Sinking of the Lusitania,1200 killled. (128 Americans)
US Entry: The Reasons
The Lusitania
Germany promises Mexico back land lost in the Mexican Cession if they join the war effort against the USA.
Intercepted by US intelligence and used as motivation to enter the war in 1917.
“Yellow Journalism” turns public opinion toward war.
Zimmerman Telegram
ROLE OF THE US IN THE WARThe Draft: May,
1917 Selective Service Act establishes draft. All males 18-45 must register.
MOBILIZATION OF THE ECONOMY. Wartime Economy.
PATRIOTISM: Buy Liberty Bonds!
The Espionage Act: (1917) Crime to interefere with the draft. Postmaster General could ban “treasonous” materials from the mail.
The Sedition Act: (1918) Crime to speak or publish anything “…disloyal, profane…or abusive…” about the US Government or military.
Constitutional Issues of the WAR
SCHENCK V. UNITED STATES (1919)
Supreme Court rules that free speech can be restricted in wartime.
Free speech “would not protect a man from shouting “FIRE” in a crowded theater.”
Do your words cause a “CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER” to the USA?
Treaty of VersaillesEngland/France want to punish Germany
Germany forced to sign War Guilt Clause. Full Reparations.
League of Nations set upPresident Wilson—“14 points” plan for peace
US Senate REJECTS Treaty of Versailles. (Checks/Balances)
We are not members of the League of Nations
Congress chooses path of NEUTRALITY
14 Points: ~Free Trade~No Secret Alliances~”Self Determination” of countries~ LEAGUE OF NATIONS
REJECTED.
Woodrow Wilson
Europe--1919
Fear of Communism spreading to the USA limits freedom of expression.
Russian Revolution Great fear of Anarchists, labor
leaders, immigrants, socialists. (S/E Europeans)
The Red Scare 1918-1919
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