WHAT IS ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ ? WHAT IS ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ ?

WHAT IS

‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ ?

WHAT IS

‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ ?

HEALTH PROMOTIONHEALTH PROMOTION

The term ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ IS :

wide-ranging

multi-disciplinary

philosophical

Tannahill (1985) offers a practical

model, which brings together 3

service components with

overlapping roles and concerns

Health

Education

Health

Education

Preventive Services

Health Protection

WHAT HEALTH are we promoting ?

WHO ‘definition’ is actually a

political slogan in the

Constitution (1946)

“a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the

absence of disease or infirmity”

“a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the

absence of disease or infirmity”

‘HEALTH FOR ALL’

has a more functional and

utilitarian approach

To attain a level of health that will permit people to lead a socially and economically productive life

‘HEALTH is a resource for everyday living….”

Health

Education

Health

Education

Preventive Services

Health Protection

WELL EARLY DISEASE LATE DISEASE DEATH

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Tertiary Prevention

LEVELS OF PREVENTIONPrevention

is an important

component. It has a strong

intuitive appeal

IMPORTANT REMINDER :

Be Evidence-Based

Do Research and Evaluation

Use Appropriate Technology

Guide to Clinical Preventive Services

US Preventive Services Task Force

Canadian Task Force on Periodic Health Examination

MOH Clinical Practice Guidelines 6/2003 – Health Screening

Comprehensive reviews of the scientific basis for preventive services

ExamplesPrimary

prevention is

desirable, but

limited by

knowledge

Immunization

Proper and adequate nutrition

Weight control

Exercise prescription

identification of

disease or defect ….

PresumptivePresumptive

unrecognizedunrecognized

important

strategy

SCREENINGSCREENING

(1) Suitable Disease

CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESS IN SCREENING :

(a) Major public health problem

(b) Identifiable pre-clinical phase

(c) Early treatment effective

(2) Suitable Test

(a) Simple to apply and interpret

(b) Cheap (cost-effective)

(c) Painless and safe

(d) Accurate and reproducible

(e) Acceptable to people

(3) Suitable Organization

(a) Call and recall of appropriate subjects

(b) Adequate and coordinated follow-up

(c) Quality assurance

(d) On-going evaluation

– general population

– high-risk groups

Screening may be directed at :Screening may be directed at :

– hypertension

– diabetes mellitus

– coronary heart disease

– anaemia

– nutritional disorders

– tuberculosis

– cervix cancer

– breast cancer

Examples :

We must go beyond the laboratory, the doctor’s office and the hospital

Health

Education

Health

Education

Preventive Services

Health Protection

Knowledge

Beliefs

Attitude

Practice (Behaviour)

Health Education is not just the passive transmission of information.

(BEWARE OF INFORMATION OVERLOAD)

Educational

messages

– Achievements in tobacco control

– Successes in smoking cessation

– Health benefits of non-smoking

Examples :

EXCITEEXCITE

Educational

messages

– Non-smokers staying off tobacco

– Smokers helped to quit

Examples :

ENCOURAGEENCOURAGE

Educational

messages

– How non-smokers can fight temptation

– Enable smokers to quit the habit

Examples :

EQUIPEQUIP

Educational

messages

– Adopt non-smoking as desired way of life

– Advocate for non-smoking and anti-smoking policies

Examples :

EMPOWEREMPOWER

We need to move away from vertical, disease – oriented programmes :

CHD Ca DM

Let us take the risk-factor approach

CHD Ca DM

Smoking Diet Exercise

Take the messages to different arenas :

General Public

Schools

Workplace

Healthcare facilities

Community facilities

We continue to go beyond the laboratory, the doctor’s office and the hospital

Health

Education

Health

Education

Preventive Services

Health Protection

HEALTH PROTECTION : regulations and policies that help to create a supportive healthful environment

– control of environmental hazards

– restriction of smoking in public

– quarantine measures

Examples :

Public Health Laws are necessary :

to protect individuals, families and the community

to inculcate responsible and healthful behavior and practices

In any society, there is a need to balance :

Individual Liberty

Public Good

versus

Public Agencies have a very important role in Health PromotionPublic Agencies have a very important role in Health Promotion

- political commitment

- policy direction

- funding and other resources

- implementation and enforcement

SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT

KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS

ACTIONS FOR HEALTH

TOTAL COMMUNITY EFFORT

WHAT IS ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ ? WHAT IS ‘HEALTH PROMOTION’ ?

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