What do you know? What questions do you have? Draw and label an annotated diagram of the digestive...

Topic 6 & 11: Human and Animal Physiology

6.1 Digestion & Absorption

1 - EnzymesRead & Consider 6.1.2-6.1.3

• What do you know?• What questions do you have?• Draw and label an annotated diagram of the

digestive system.

Enzyme BasicsCatalysts decrease the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of a reaction.

Substrates are specific reactants that an enzyme acts on.

Activation Energy

Chemical digestion must occur at body temperature!

Macromolecule Monomer

Digestion = “disassembly line”

• Most food molecules are large polymers and insoluble

• They must be digested into smaller molecules before they can be absorbed.

Digestion

Insoluble Food Molecule

Soluble Products

Pancreatic Enzymes

Enzyme Substrate Products Optimum pH

Pancreatic Amylase

Maltose Glucose 7-8

Endopeptidase Polypeptides Amino Acids 8

Pancreatic Lipase

Triglycerides Fatty Acids & Glycerol

7

NOTE:• Enzymes are also released in the mouth and stomach to begin

preliminary chemical breakdown.• All macromolecules consumed can be digested, with the exception of

cellulose (fiber) from plant cells. Cellulose is excreted without being digested.

2 - AbsorptionRead & Consider 6.1.1, 6.1.4-6.1.6

• What do you know?• What questions do you have?

The Small Intestine

Efficient Absorption

• Continuous movement

• Adequate absorption time

• Enormous surface area

Digestion Video

Surface Area

Absorption MechanismsSimple diffusion

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

Pinocytosis

(a) State the name and one

function for each of the labeled parts.

(b) List two pancreatic enzymes and their functions?

(c) Explain how the structure of the villi in the small intestine are related to absorption of digested food.

Works Cited"Associate Degree Nursing Physiology Review." Associate Degree Nursing Physiology Review. Austin Community College, n.d. Web. 09 Aug. 2014.

Bakiry, Roah. "Cell Membranes." Roahsbiology /. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Aug. 2014.

"Digestion & G.I." Dr Rodger Murphrees Treating and Beating Fibromyalgia Expert of Birmingham AL USA. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Aug. 2014.

Sale, Kenneth. "Enzyme Optimization - Jbei.org." Jbeiorg. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Aug. 2014.

Tomson, Bill. "Healthy Food Is a Better Deal Than Junk, USDA Says." Health Blog RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Aug. 2014.

Walpole, Benda. Biology for the IB Diploma. Second ed. United Kingdom: Cambridge UP, 2014. Print.