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1 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
What are Smart
Objects and the
Internet of Things?
Adam Dunkels, PhD
Swedish Institute of Computer Science
twitter.com/adunk
A part of Swedish ICT
2 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
3 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
4 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
5 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
SICS: Leaving traces at Liljevalchs
http://www.sics.se/projects/supple
6 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
SICS: Telemetry in the Bothnic Sea
7 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
GE/AllSet: Container tracking
8 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
ThingMagic: Finding smart objects
9 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
The Smart Grid
10 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
What are smart obejcts and the
Internet of things?Embedded systems Telemetry
Sensor networksUbuitous computing
Mobile telephonyComputer communications
Smart objectsand the
Internet of Things
11 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
What is the technology of smart
obejcts and the Internet of things?
● Hardware
● Microcontroller
● Communication device
● Low-power radio
● Power-line communication, …
● Power source
● Software
● Lightweight, low-power network operating system
12 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
Technical properties and
challenges● Low-power operation
● < 1 mW
● Small physical size, low cost
● Tight memory requirements
● 10 kilobytes of RAM, 100 kilobytes of ROM
13 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
Key technical mechanisms
● Low-power radio hardware
● Low-power software mechanisms
● Standards
● Interoperability, integration with existing systems
14 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
Low-power radio hardware
● IEEE 802.15.4
● Transmit/receive ~60 mW
● Deep sleep ~0.01 mW
● Low-power WiFi
● Transmit/receive ~300 mW
● Deep sleep ~0.02 mW
15 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
Low-power software mechanisms
~0.2 – 1 seconds
~200 microseconds
0.1% duty cycle ~= 0.6 mW
16 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
Standards
● Link layer
● IEEE 802.15.4
● ISA100a
● WirelessHART
● ZigBee
● IPv6
● RPL (routing)
● 6lowpan (header compression)
17 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
18 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
Integration and interoperability
● The Internet Protocol (version 6)
● Interoperable
● Evolvable
● Scalable
● Standardized
● RPL, 6lowpan, …
● Lightweight
● Low power
?
?
19 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
October 2008:
Contiki, world’s smallest IPv6 stack
● uIPv6
● 11 kilobytes of code, 2 kilobytes of RAM
● SICSlowpan IPv6 over 802.15.4 layer
● Fully IPv6 Ready silver logo compliant
● July 2009: Arch Rock Corp.
20 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
Contiki: low-power IPv6
Packets perminute
Power (mW)
21 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
IP for Smart Objects Alliance
22 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
November 2008:30th best invention of 2008
23 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
Conclusions
● At the verge of a breakthrough
● The technology:
● Low-power hardware
● Low-power software
● IP for Smart Objects
● Interoperability, scalability, evolvability
● Lightweight, low-power
24 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
Thank You
The Contiki Operating System
http://www.sics.se/contiki/
25 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
Backup
26 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
Benefits of integration
● Directly integrate smart objects into a web
environment
27 Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se> http://twitter.com/adunk
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