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Welcome
David Culler, Randy Katz, Seth SandersUniversity of California, Berkeley
LoCal Project PretreatJune 8, 2009
“Energy permits things to exist; information, to behave purposefully.” W. Ware, 1997
4
What if the Energy Infrastructure were Designed like the Internet?
• Energy: the limited resource of the 21st Century• Needed: Information Age approach to the
Machine Age infrastructure• Match load & supply through continuous observation and
adjustment• Lower cost, more incremental deployment, able to
accommodate technology innovation• Enhanced reliability and resilience through intelligence at
the edges– Dumb grid, smart loads and supplies
• Packetized Energy: discrete units of energy locally generated, stored, and forwarded to where it is needed; enabling a market for energy exchange
Towards an Information Age Energy Infrastructure
5
Baseline + Dispatchable Tiers
DistributionTransmissionGeneration Demand
Nearly Oblivious Loads
Non-Dispatchable Sources
Interactive Dispatchable Loads???
Energy Network Architecture
• Information exchanged whenever energy is transferred
• Loads are “Aware” and sculptable– Forecast demand, adjust according to
availability / price, self-moderate
• Supplies negotiate with loads
• Storage, local generation, demand response are intrinsic
6
Information Overlay to the Energy Grid
7
Conventional Electric Grid
Generation
Transmission
Distribution
Load
Intelligent Energy Network
Load IPS
Source IPS
energy subnet
Intelligent Power Switch
Conventional Internet
8
Intelligent Power Switch
(IPS)
Energy Network
PowerComm Interface
EnergyStorage
PowerGeneration
Host Load
Intelligent Power Switch
(IPS)EnergyStorage
Intelligent Power Switch
(IPS)EnergyStorageEnergyStorage
Intelligent Power Switch
(IPS)EnergyStorage
Intelligent Power Switch
(IPS)EnergyStorageEnergyStorage
Intelligent Power Switch
(IPS)EnergyStorage
Intelligent Power Switch
(IPS)EnergyStorageEnergyStorage
Intelligent Power Switch
(IPS)EnergyStorage
Intelligent Power Switch
(IPS)EnergyStorageEnergyStorage
Host LoadHost Load
energy flows
information flows
Intelligent Power Switch
• PowerComm Interface: Network + Power connector• Scale Down, Scale Out
9
Intelligent Power Switch
• Interconnects load to power sharing infrastructure• Bundles communications with energy
interconnection -- PowerComm interface• Enables intelligent energy exchange• Optionally incorporates energy generation and
buffering– Potential to scale-down to individual loads, e.g., light
bulb, refrigerator– Scale-up to neighborhoods, regions, etc.
• Overlay on the existing power grid
MultiScale Project PLjan
10
IPScomm
power
now
Load profile
w$
now
Price profile
w
now
Actual load
w
Data centerIPS
Bldg Energy
Network
IPS
IPS
IPSInternet
Grid
IPS
IPS
Power proportional kernel
Power proportional service manager
Quality-Adaptive Service
M/R Energy
Net
IPS
IPS
IPS
AHU
Chill
CT
Pretreat Agenda (Mon)
• Introduction and Project Overview• Local-ized Datacenter
– State of the Art– Green Machines– Power Proportional Services in the Cloud– Discussion: Datacenter demand at the IPS
• Local-ized Grid– State of the art– Towards a supply/demand energy market– Discussion: Grid-facing IPS
• Local-ized Building– State of the art– High-fidelity building energy monitoring– Thermal / Electric Storage– Discussion: IPS aggregators
• Break (CITRIS GUTS TOUR)• Breakout Planning• Dinner• Open Mic - The Future to Create Emerging Opportunities & Limits
11
Pretreat Agenda (Tue)
• 8-9:30 In-depth Breakouts
• Break
• 10:30-12: Technological GameChangers Breakout
• Lunch
• 1:00-2:30P: Breakout Presentations
• 2:30-4:00P: Feedback and plans
12
Possible Breakout Topics
Topics
* Energy Market Mechanism and Design
* Using consumer action X to stabilize the grid - who's in the driver seat?
* Impediments to a new architecture
* New business models
* What IPS do you build?
* Is storage essential and what are the new ideas here?
* How much load is sculptable?
* Microgrid overlays
* Turning renewable energy into information sources
* Compelling demonstration
* The value of higher fidelity information
* Enhanced reliability by intelligence at the edges and simple core
* Power proportionality
* Who owns the information and how is it protected?
* Is the grid a market or a broker? 13
14
“Doing Nothing Well”
• Existing systems sized for peak and designed for continuous activity– Reclaim the idle waste– Exploit huge gap in peak-to-average power consumption
• Continuous demand response– Challenge “always on” assumption– Realize potential of energy-proportionality
• From IT Equipment …– Better fine-grained idling, faster power
shutdown/restoration– Pervasive support in operating systems and applications
• … to the OS for the Building• … to the Grid
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