Week 2 benchwork measurement

Measurement,Marking out

& Fitting Practice

STEEL RULER

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

FEATURES :FEATURES :– Made from Stainless Steel.Made from Stainless Steel.– Size available : 150mm up to 1m.Size available : 150mm up to 1m.– For General Measuring PurposeFor General Measuring Purpose– Flexible usage Flexible usage – Easy to useEasy to use– Cheapest toolsCheapest tools

STEEL RULER

in inches.usually performs in fraction ( eg. 1/8”, 5/16” )

Reading :Reading :

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Imperial Unit ( Inch )Imperial Unit ( Inch )

STEEL RULER

in millimetre ( mm )usually performs with decimal point ( eg. 3.2mm)

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Metric UnitMetric Unit

Reading :Reading :

ENGINEERS’ STEEL RULES

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Measuring Linear Dimension Measuring Linear Dimension

ENGINEERS’ STEEL RULES

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Parallelism ?Parallelism ?

ALLOCATION OF POSITIONALLOCATION OF POSITION

ENGINEERS’ STEEL RULES

Internal & External Diameter measure

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Engineers’ Steel RulesEngineers’ Steel Rules

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Diameter ?Diameter ?

ALLOCATION OF POSITIONALLOCATION OF POSITION

Engineers’ Steel RulesEngineers’ Steel Rules

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Diameter ?Diameter ?

ALLOCATION OF POSITIONALLOCATION OF POSITION

ENGINEERS’ STEEL RULES

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

7 8 97 8 933

0.1 ~ 0.2 mm0.1 ~ 0.2 mmAccuracy ?Accuracy ?

Thickness of hair lineThickness of hair line

OUTSIDE CALIPERS

Solution of measuring the Solution of measuring the ““unmeasurable diameter by a ruler “unmeasurable diameter by a ruler “

OUTSIDE CALIPERS

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Reading taken with a rulerReading taken with a ruler

OUTSIDE CALIPERS

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Reading taken with a rulerReading taken with a ruler

OUTSIDE CALIPERS

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Diameter Diameter

Reading taken with a rulerReading taken with a ruler

INSIDE CALIPERS

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15

Internal dimension measuringInternal dimension measuring

Reading with a rulerReading with a ruler

VERNIER CALIPERS

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

VERNIER CALIPERS

External measurementExternal measurement

Internal measurementInternal measurement

Depth measurementDepth measurement

inside jawinside jaw

outside jawoutside jaw

depth finderdepth finderScaleScale

VernierVernier

VERNIER CALIPERS

Inside dimensionInside dimension

Outside DimensionOutside Dimension

DepthDepth

Typical Measuring examplesTypical Measuring examples

VERNIER CALIPERS

Typical Measuring examplesTypical Measuring examples

CCyy

dd DD

ccxx

C = X - ( d + D ) / 2C = X - ( d + D ) / 2

cc

xx

VERNIER CALIPERS

Typical Measuring examplesTypical Measuring examples

yy

dd DD

CC

C = X + ( d + D ) / 2C = X + ( d + D ) / 2

VERNIER READING

Scale

Vernier

0 10 20 30 40 50

0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01

49 mm49 mm

50 dividsions50 dividsions

Difference between scale and vernier :Difference between scale and vernier :

1 -1 - 49495050

= 1 - 0.98 = 0.02 mm= 1 - 0.98 = 0.02 mm

0 10

0 21

VERNIER READING

Scale

Vernier Zero point

Reading = Reading = 00

VERNIER READING

Scale

Vernier

0 10

0 21

VERNIER READING

Scale

Vernier

0 10

0 21 overlap line

Reading Reading = 3.2= 3.2

0.2

VERNIER CALIPERS

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

20 30 40 50 60

overlap line

VERNIER CALIPERS

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

20 30 40 50 60

overlap line

20

VERNIER CALIPERS

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

20 30 40 50 60

overlap line

20

0.58

VERNIER READING ACCURACY

Scale

Vernier

length of n divisionslength of n divisions

length of (n - 1) length of (n - 1)

divisionsdivisions

n -1n -1nn

11

AccuracyAccuracy == 11 - -

== 11nn

n -1n -1nn

VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

– Used in Used in connection with a connection with a surface table surface table fitted with a fitted with a carbide tips for carbide tips for marking the lines marking the lines on the workpieceon the workpiece

GRADUATEDGRADUATEDSCALESCALE

FINEFINEADJUSTMENTADJUSTMENT

SCREWSCREW

VERNIERVERNIERSCALESCALE

CARBIDECARBIDETIPPEDTIPPED

SCRIBERSCRIBER

BASEBASE

VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

Check ZeroCheck Zero

Surface PlateSurface Plate

VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

Set to desire heightSet to desire height

As a Marking toolsAs a Marking tools

VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

VERINER HEIGHT GAUGE

VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

As a measuring toolsAs a measuring tools

VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

DimensionDimensionof of

workpieceworkpiece

hh

Finding out Finding out the heightthe height

of workpieceof workpiece

VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

xx

yy

hh

Finding outFinding outthe heightthe height

of stepof step

h = x -yh = x -y

hh h-dh-dCC

VERNIER HEIGHT GAUGE

Round Rod ( d )Round Rod ( d )

C = h - d + D / 2C = h - d + D / 2

DD

Finding outFinding outthe height of hole the height of hole

centercenter

MICROMETER

– used for used for measuring measuring external external diameter or diameter or thickness. thickness.

0 1 2 3

0

5

External MicrometerExternal Micrometer

AnvilAnvil SpindleSpindle

FrameFrame

BarrelBarrel

Lock NutLock Nut

ThimbleThimble

ThimbleThimbleRatchetRatchet

Workpiece to be measuredWorkpiece to be measured

MIRCOMETER

0 1 2 3

0

5

MICROMETER

0 1 2 3

0

5

0 1 2 3

0

5

Pitch = 0.5 mmPitch = 0.5 mm

0

0

555

READING A MICROMETER

1 mm ( 2 turns of thimber )1 mm ( 2 turns of thimber )

READING A MICROMETER

0

0

555

50 dividsions50 dividsionseach dividsion =each dividsion =0.50.5

5050= 0.01 mm= 0.01 mm

READING A MICROMETER

0

0

555

6.50

0

0

555

6.50

0.03

READING A MICROMETER

READING A MICROMETER

0

0

555

6.50

0.03

6.53

MICROMETER

Internal Miicrometer Internal Miicrometer - used to measuring- used to measuringinternal diameterinternal diameter

ororgroovegroove

0 1 2 3

0

5

DIAL CALIPER GAGE

35

2025

30 15

10

MicrometerMicrometer

Dial CaliperDial Caliper

Check Zero pointCheck Zero point

DIAL CALIPER GAGE

35

202530 15

10

WorkpieceWorkpiece

Checking Undercut dimensionChecking Undercut dimension

LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )

Upper limitUpper limitLow LimitLow Limit

WorkpieceWorkpiece

Snap gaugeSnap gauge

LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )

LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )

Dimension is too large to fit requirementDimension is too large to fit requirement

LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )

LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )

LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )

LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )

Dimension too small to fit requirementDimension too small to fit requirement

LIMITS GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )

LIMITS GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )

LIMIT GAUGE( SNAP GAUGE )

Dimension fit to requirementDimension fit to requirement