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RECE WED
__________
1 .1 POOox3i2SwiUi HghIs, PA 1SOBI
Environmental Qualityoani ,:
Po Box 8477Harrisburg, Pa. 17105-8477
Dear Board Members,
This letter is a follow up to the Hearing at Washington & Jefferson College on 4/2912015.I disagree with the speakers that said the waters in Pa are pristine. I live alongside of theOhio River and my drinking water depends on a clean water source. Attached is a reportthat the EPA Reports Ohio River Mast Contaminated Body ofWater In The Country.Frack water flowback has been allowed to enterthe rivers and streams . In 2010 theClairton Coke Works filed a complaint with the EPA that the Mon. River was not fit forindustrial use. The people of Clairton used the municipal water to wash dishes. The dishwashers clogged with salt The Brine from the Marcellus wells were allowed to be ranthrough the Municipal sewerage systems into the river. Source , Fly FishermanMagazine, May 2010. The Allegheny River in Warren Pa has been polluted with theradio-active waste from the Marcellus drilling. Studies have been taken above and belowthe sewerage treatment plants. Nothing above & high radio-activity below. All readingsare above safe and federal limits. Rules against the discharge have to be enforced withJail time. Paying a fine is business as usual and passed on to the public. No changes willhappen without robust enforcement.I also disagree with the notion that the regulations harm the oil & gas industry. By overproducing , the industry has driven the price down, slowed investment, stopped drilling,and caused layoffs. Laws and Regulations need to constantly change to keep up withcurrent conditions. Just like a building or fire prevention code. This protects everyone.The PaDEP must live up to.its mission statement and enforce all state and federalenvironmental laws with fidelity. Both conventional (78) and unconventional (78a)laws have to catch up with current Supreme Court definitions of the Pa Constitution.Article #1 Sec. 27, as defined. Along with others.The environment in Pa. is under attack. Never in our history has there been so manychallenges. Lets start to connect the dots. In 1960 ,the U.S Dept. of the interior publisheda Geological Survey on Uranium in Carbonaceous rocks for the U.S. Atomic EnergyCommission. “Oil Yield and Uranium Content ofBlack Shales.” By Vernon B.Swanson. A Geological Survey Professional Paper 356-A. Please get a copy fordocumentation. U.S. Printing Office. The US after WW2 was looking for a source ofuranium for military and industrial uses. It was found in the Black shale’s. They are driedsea beds , full ofbrine . When it rots it gives offradon gas. It travels up to the earthssurface through staictures in the earth, It passes through aquifers and condenses in cellarsand caves. Radon is the second cause of lung cancer. Now comes the Hydraulicfracturing industry and drills miles of radio-active rock and brings tailings to the surfaceexposing the citizens and workers of Pa to extreme radiation. The R 226 & R 228 attachthemselves to the Brine making it also highly radioactive The Holding ponds exposeeveryone and everything to uncontrolled radioactivity. The New York Times ran a reporton the safe limits. 5 Po/L is the maximum allowed by law. They took readings fromhundreds of ponds full of flowback water and showed thousands of times over the legaland safe limits Beaver County times, (Fracking wastewater can be highly Radioactive)
1/30/2013. No Agency really regulates its ,handling transport, or disposal. Workersharmed by radio-active exposure. Copy enclosed. Now comes the secret exposure. ThePERF GUN. Halliburton has a patient on a explosive device that blows the hole in thepipe to get the sand to penetrate the fractured shale. It holds the pathway for gas to escapethe rock. The perf gun has DEPLETED Uranium disks that are also highly radioactive.This adds to the situation ofbirth defects. Cloogle , Depleted Uranium. Both Militaryinjuries and civilian. This exposes every Pennsylvanian to severe harm.Next is a report from E. Ivan White, Staff scientist for the National Council on RadiationProtection. Radiation should Never be released into the environment in an uncontrolledmanner because ofthe potential for exposure from many potential pathways that exist.Pa State DEP allows Radio-Active flowback water to be put on roads for dust control andsnow/ice melting. This has to stop! Also, PaDEP allows flowback radio-active wastewater to be discharged into drinking water sources by Municipal sewerage plants. ThisMUST stop ! See the Duke Universitystudy of the Josephine Brine treatment plant intoBlaekliek Creek. The streams in Washington and Green Counties have shown dangerouslevels of Radio-activity. The Pa Auditor Generals Audit of the PaDEP has to carryweight ifwe are to protect our living spaces. The Health, Safety, and Welfare of allPennsylvanians are at stake. Looking forward to your updates in the Law.
Sincerely Yours,Robert L. Schmetzer
I
_
Rrt4
/aef7E
l4I
NT
R0
DU
CT
I0
NI
Eversince
thefirstdiscovery
of“radium
”in
thelate
nineteenthcen
tury,radioactive
materials
havebeen
usedin
variousw
ays.W
ehave
seenseveral
occasionsw
henlife
hasbeen
acutelyharm
edby
nucleardevices:
Hiroshim
a,N
agasaki,outdoor
nuclearbom
btestings,
Three
Mile
Island,C
hernobyl,and
now,
Fukushima.A
lthoughw
eare
alreadylM
ngw
ithradiation
presentinna
ture(know
nas
backgroundrad
iation),
many
ofus
arem
ostcertainly
livingalongside
man-m
aderadiation,
which
isfar
more
hostileto
ourlife,letalone
otherliving
creatures.You
might be
surprisedto
findnuclear
facilitiesnearby,
inyour
countryor
region.N
uclearen
ergycontinuously
producesdan
gerousradioactive
materials
thatenters
oureveryday
lifethrough
airandw
ater,evenw
ithoutm
ajoraccidents.
The
Fukushima
nucleardisaster
thatbegan
in2011
stillcontinues
topose
threattothe
peopleand
environmentin
theregion,
andeven
faroutsidethe
Jap
aneseborders.W
hatcanw
elearn
fromFukushim
aand
peo
plein
Japanin
orderto
togetherresistnuclearenergy?
One
thingallof
uscan
fois
tolearn
aboutradiation.
Inthis
zineyou
canlearn
afew
tipsto
avoidnegative
effectsof
radiation.W
ecan
learntogether
inorder
tobreak
theculture
ofsilencein
nuclearindustry,
andto
breakthe
myths
thatwe
havebeen
made
tobelieve
foravery
longtim
e.R
eclaimscIence,
protestand
survive!*aIlth
einform
ationin
thiszine
iscopyright-free
andyou
areen
courag
eto
share
itwith
oth
ers.
How
do
es.radiatio
neffect
yourbody?
itd
epen
ds
onw
hereyou
are,w
hatyou
doand
yourage,
sex,etc.
There
isa
whole
varietyof
radiationand
un
der
idingitis
imperative.
Even
if yourbody
isnot
directlyex
posedto
radiation,your
bodycan
de
velopillnesses
byinhaling
andin
gest
ingradioactive
materials.
This
iscalled
internalexposure
(asopposed
toexternal
exposure),w
hichis
oftenexcluded
from“risks”
conceivedby
nuclearpow
erindustry
asw
ellas
governmental
regulator.H
owever,
becauseof
low-level
radiationthe
long:
termhealth
effectshave
castshadow
s‘
inm
anycom
munities
aroundthe
globelike
towns
nearuranium
mines
andnuclear
power
plants,w
hichroutinely
releaseradioactive
materials
intothe
air.T
hedanger
ofradiation
isinherent
evenw
ithoutaccidents
likeF
ukushima
andC
hernobyl.U
sually,the
averagefor
radiationef
1fects
onhum
anis
modeled
aroundhealthy
20-year-oldw
hitem
ale,w
eigh
ing70
kg.H
owever,
we
doknow
thatchildren
andpregnant
wom
enare
them
ostvulnerable
toradiation.
There
isno
safedose
ofradiation.
There
isno
solutionin
keepingcalm
,or
believingthat
‘thereis
noim
mediate
effect.’Y
ourbody
belongsto
you!A
littlebit
ofscience
canhelp
protectyou
andyour
lovedones
(includingyour
furryfriends,
ofcourse).
An
old.schoolG
eigerC
ounter(radiation
monitoring
device)
More
portable,affordable
yetefficientGeiger
Counters
became
widely
availableafter
Fukushime
Nuclear
Disaster
in2011.
WH
AT
DO
ES
CO
EX
IST
ING
WIT
HR
AD
IAT
ION
ME
AN
?
...T
OST
AY
AW
AY
FR
OM
IT!
Rad
iatio
nis
n’ta
nob
viou
ssu
bjec
t lik
eci
gare
ttesm
oke.
Itis
odor
less
,fl
avor
less
and
invi
sibl
e.A
lthou
ghth
ere
are
still
polit
icia
nsan
dsc
ien
tists
who
sa9
smal
lam
ount
isno
harm
(ore
ven
bene
ficia
l!)to
your
body
,yo
une
edto
lear
nto
doub
twha
tthe
irm
otiv
atio
nsar
e.T
hose
are
the
peop
lew
hobe
nefi
tfro
mst
atus
-quo
,an
dm
ost o
fthe
time
your
heal
thdo
esno
tcon
cern
them
,for
the
sake
ofke
epin
gth
epr
ofita
ble
nucl
ear
busi
ness
goin
g.
The
basi
cid
eaof
radi
olog
ical
scie
nce
isth
atth
ere
isno
such
thin
gas
aco
mpl
etel
ysa
fedo
se,
and
even
“bac
kgro
und”
and
med
ical
radi
atio
nis
harm
fult
oyo
u.T
here
isa
scie
ntif
icco
nsen
sus
know
nas
2005
BEIR
VII
(Bio
logi
cal
Effe
cts
ofIo
nizi
ngR
adia
tion)
repo
rtfr
omN
atio
nal
Aca
dem
yof
Scie
nce
whi
chfä
und
that
risk
ries
with
expo
sure
atan
yle
vel
abov
eze
ro.
RA
DIA
TIO
NIS
EM
ITT
ED
FR
OM
RA
DIO
AC
TIV
EM
AT
ER
IAL
S.W
hen
anat
omof
radi
oact
ive
mat
eria
lde
cays
,the
rear
eth
ree
type
sof
—ra
diat
ion
that
emit:
Alp
hapa
rtic
les,
Bet
apa
rtic
les
&G
amm
ara
ys(a
ndX
-Ray
s)M
ost
radi
oact
ive
mat
eria
lsem
ittw
oor
allt
hree
type
sof
radi
atio
n.
HO
WR
AD
IAT
ION
AC
TS
.INY
OU
RB
OD
Y
a(a
lpha
)pa
rtic
les,
emitt
edfr
omat
oms
such
asur
aniu
man
dpl
uton
ium
,do
not g
oth
roug
hyo
ursk
inbu
tyou
can
inha
lean
din
gest
them
.If
they
geti
nto
your
body
, the
yca
nir
radi
ate
cells
ofva
rious
orga
nsan
dca
use
illne
sses
like
canc
er.
13(b
eta)
. par
ticle
s can
doth
esa
me
toyo
urbo
dyas
alph
apa
rticl
es.
.
a&
$PA
RT
ICL
ES
0001
00
00
00
00
SOU
RC
EO
FR
AD
IAT
ION
WH
AT
ITTA
KES
TOST
OP
RADI
ATIO
N:
AL
PH
Apa
rtic
les
SHE
ET
OF
aPA
PER
BE
TA
part
icle
s
I—,
GA
MM
Ara
ys
ALU
MIN
IUM
SHE
ET
LD
,ST
EEL,
CO
NC
RE
TE
1
__
__
__
r.
AG
AIN
, eac
hdo
seyo
uge
tex
pose
dto
isCU
MU
LATI
VE
and
even
low
leve
lsof
radi
atio
nca
nbe
harm
ful.
RA
DIA
TIO
NIS
CU
MU
LA
TIV
EIN
1OU
RB
OD
VThis
diagramshow
shum
anorgans
andradioactive
materials
thatare
likelyto
accumulate
ineach
organ.Each
radioactivem
aterialalso
indicatesits
decaym
odeand
thenum
bersshow
ingbiological
half-life(reference
tohow
toxicitstays).
(Diagram
reference:Jirizaburo
Takagi,
Mikiko
Watanabe,
“ShokutakuN
iAgatta
Houshanou”
2011)
RA
DIO
AC
TIV
EM
AT
ER
iAL
SPR
IMA
RIL
YR
EL
EA
SE
DF
RO
MU
KU
SH
IMA
DA
IICH
I:
rdin
—i
31:(3.
‘y(iilf—
Iit’7
5lays)
[Iurtitn—I2
in:
[3(F
t—t.l
days)C
ijni
137:(halt-hF:
30y
ars)
Strcitiu
rn90:
f3([iah-hfe’
30yirs)
Plutonium
istop
es:
a(halt-life
24,000years)
IiIi]
I*‘1
rU
ranium(a&
j3)(i0
00so
fy)
Ruth
eniu
m(13)
(268d)
RE
PR
OD
UC
TIV
EO
RG
AN
SC
esium
(/3&y)
(30y)P
lutonium(a
&3)c’ 000s ofy)
Kry
pto
n(13)
ClO
y)
TH
YR
OID
Iod
ine(1
3&
y)(7
5d
Co
balt
(1
id
)
LU
NG
SP
luto
niu
m(a&
13)(l000sofy)
Cesiu
m(13&
y)(30y)
II•]I*
)S
trontiu
m(13)
(18y)Z
irconiu
m(13)
(64d)
Plutonium
(a&13)
(i000so
fy)
HO
WR
AD
IAT
ION
AC
TS
INY
OU
RB
OD
Y
x—
rays
are
wha
t we
are
accu
stom
edat
med
ical
faci
litie
s.Y
ou•w
ear
lead
jack
ets
topr
even
tyou
rbo
dypa
rts
tobe
pene
trat
edw
fthra
diat
ion
apar
tfro
mw
here
you
are
bein
gsc
anne
d
y—ra
ys(g
amm
a),
very
sim
ilart
obu
thas
mor
een
ergy
than
x-ra
ys,
also
goes
thro
ugh
your
body
ard
coul
dhu
rtyo
urD
NA
.
ENNC
HMEN
TPLA
NT
____
L(±%L
U)DE
PtETE
tIURA
NIUM
ZE
i&-q
ItrI
41
WAST
E
a4
SPEN
TFUE
LRS
INTH
E”,
THER
E•[
We
dug
sorn
-of
th
INN
ING
AN1U
Mft
slee
ping
.
RADI
OA_..
.HO
W[0K
GW
1LIT
L.TH
EREI
SNOL
ONG-
T
Man
yof
thes
enu
clea
rfa
clilU
esar
esJ
tuat
edin
orne
arrn
argl
nallz
edco
mm
uniti
esflk
ein
degi
rlou
sla
nd,
and
ofte
nth
evo
ices
ofth
epe
ople
are
noth
eard
.
.OX
l?Tb
._.._
OMA
NAGE
THE‘
X&
yR
AY
S
jjjfrJ\t
JJw
N.UO
NSOF
YEAR
S.FR
OMTH
EM.
SOU
RC
E
RA
DaT
TO
N
iiD(
PUIR
ATIO
NOF
URAN
IUM
rr JNSIT
’JLE
ACh
SOLU
I1ONI
flE
4-.
A •4
1jE
IPR
OCES
SING
WAST
EPL
ANT
SOLU
TION
Som
enu
clea
rpo
wer
plan
tsar
ebu
iltin
clos
epr
oxim
ityto
Iae
citie
san
dhi
ghly
popu
late
dar
ea.
Sea
rch
fory
our
loca
lnuc
lear
taci
ties
i
t9
__
OPEN
PIToa
I”L
ISH
AFTM
PEWA
STER
OCK
4-
IW
!UR
ñI4IIJ
MMI
LLTA
IUNG
S
.1
4
WAST
E
Now
,le
t’s
look
atw
ays
inw
hich
radi
atio
nis
prod
uced
alon
gsid
eou
rda
ilyliv
es.
Nuc
lear
pow
erpl
ants
aren
’tth
eon
lyso
urce
ofra
diat
ion.
..(n
ext
page
)
-
RIEL
FABR
ICAI1O
NPLA
NT
NUCL
EARP
OWER
PIANT
.j_;ji
j.3;a
e?—
FU
KU
.SH
IM
AT
hem
eltdown
andexplosions
atfour
reactorsat
Tokyo
Electric’s
Fukushim
aD
aiichiN
uclearPow
er,P
lantcaused
massive
releasesof
radiationw
hichstill
continuesto
thisday.
People
inJap
ancontinue
tolive
inradiation-
contaminated
areas.W
hy?B
ecausetheir
government
doesnot
provideany
supportfor
relocationto
keeptheir
country’snuclear
energyprogram
running.W
ehave
seenpeople
facingcom
pletedenial
andbetrayal
ofthe
officials.
People
questionw
hytheir
government
does
nothelp
Itsow
npeople.
The
protestscontinue
inthe
streets,at
workplaces,
atuniversities
-but
inthe
meantim
e,‘radiation
continuesto
spreadinto
theireveryday
life,and
unlessthey
haveproper
knowledge
aboutradiation,
theirlives
arethreatened.
Fronithe
crippledpow
erplant
inF
ukushima
inradiation
isspreading
allover
Japanthrough
air,w
aterand
fooddistribution.
So
peopleare
takingvarious
counterm
easureson
theirow
nto
avoidexposure
toradiation.
FU
KU
0:
How
arepeople
inJapan
livingunder
radiation?.
A:While
many
peopleare
livingw
ith
invisiblebattle
with
radiation, many
havebeen
monitoring
radioactivityon
theirow
nto
minim
izeexposure.
Mainly
food,-
water,
soiland
air. Also
many
haverelo-
Schoolchildren
inFukushim
ahave
been‘1
..
.iprovided
with
radiationdosim
eterthat don’t
catedto
safeareas
judgingfrom
reaci-alarm
themfordanger
but merely
collectsings
thepeople
themselves
discovered,cum
ulativedata.
Forinstance,
agroup
inTokyo
foundcesium
inm
other’sm
ilkshortly
afterFukushim
a.0:
How
dopeople
monitor
radiationand
sharethe
data?
A: A
lotofm
onitoringbegan
autonomously
among
parentsw
hohave
small
children.G
eigercounters
havebecom
ehoush
olditem
sin
easternJapan
(includingthe
capitalTokyo)soon
afterthe
Fukushima
meltdow
n.People
monitored
andtw
eetedthe
datafrom
neighborhoodparks,
schoolyards, ther
gardens.In
some
occasionsthey
discoveredhotspots
(highlyradioactive
spots)in
theareas
where
theofficials
didnothing
otherwise.
A:
Read
thistestim
onyfrom
am
otherw
horelocated
toS
apporoC
ityfrom
Shirakawa,
acity
outsidethe
evacuationzone:
What
made
me
decideto
move
out
ofFukushim
aw
asm
y12
yearold
son’sanxious
look,w
hen,in
May
2011,he
hadcontinuous
heavynose
bleeding.H
easked
me,
“Are
we
okayto
stayhere?”
Sinceth
atmo
ment,
it nolonger
mattered
tom
ew
hetherthe
nosebleedreally
was
dueto
radiationor
not—
butitw
asjust
wrong
tolive
ina
placew
herechildren
feltunsafe.(...)
Why
isit
that
verybasic
ofhum
andignity
isneglected?
Why
isitth
atconcerns
anddem
andsto
pio
tectvulnerable
childrenare
ignored?W
hyis
itth
atnobody
hasbeen
punishedfor
causingthe
accidentw
hichw
asclearly
statedto
havebeen
ahum
anerror?
C...)W
em
ustnot
leaveour
childrena
futureth
atis
full of despairand
disappointment.
tqdidn’t know
,”“I
couldn’t see”-
we
canno
longeraccept these
excuses.
Excerptsfm
mm
agazineM
AM
AR
EVO
(Mom
sR
evolution) Vol5.,
2013T
ranslationby
Projectto
SaveK
idsarid
Future
HIM
A
Iyna
playgound.
0:W
hydid
peopleevacuate
Fukushima
without evacuation
order?
A
/ ber iey
Consideration of Radiation InHazardous Waste Produced from
Horizontal Hydrofracking
Report ofE. Ivan WhiteStaffScientistfor the
National Council on Radiation Protection
Radioactivity in the environment, especially the presence of the knowncarcinogen radium, poses a potentially significant threat to human health.Therefore, any activity that has the potential to increase that exposure must becarefully analyzed prior to its commencement so that the risks can be fullyunderstood. Horizontal hydrofracking for natural gas in the Marcellus Shaleregion of New York State has the potential to result in the production of largeamounts ofwaste materials containing Radium-226 and Radium-228 in bothsolid and liquid mediums.
A complete and thorough analysis of the potential environmental pathways forexposure of people to these radioactive materials is a prerequisite to anyregulatory approval of activities involving their extraction, handling,transportation and storage.
The guiding principle for this work is that radioactivity should never bereleased into the environment in an uncontrolled manner because of thepotential for exposure from the many potential pathways that exist.
Over the past fifty years, the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and the NuclearRegulatory Commission (NRC) have spent millions of dollars on research thathas resulted in computer models of the transport of radioactivity through theenvironment to humans. These environmental transport and human uptakemodels, kuowr as “RESidual RADiation,” or “RESRAD,” are designed to beincorporated into governmental regulatory guidelines to ensure that people arenot exposed to levels of radiation and radioactivity that would result in negativehealth impacts.
In April of 1999, the New York State Department of EnvironmentalConservation’s Division of Solid and Hazardous Materials, assisted byrepresentatives from sixteen oil and gas companies, conducted an internalinvestigation entitled An investigation ofNaturally Occurring RadioactiveMaterials (NORM) in Oil and Gas Wells in New York State. The report concludedthat drill cuttings and wastewater from oil and gas drilling operations “do notconstitute a health risk for the State’s residents nor present a potentialdegradation of the State’s environment
A similarly cavalier attitude towards human exposure to radioactive materialpervades the NYS DEC’s 2011 Draft Revised Supplemental GenericEnvironmental Impact Statement (rSGEIS). The document’s superficialcharacterization of radiation risks has prompted warnings from radiationexperts, including those at the EPA whose public comments on the rSGEIS reflectdeep concerns about the DEC’s understanding and appreciation of the actualrisks posed by radiation.
The National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) is a Congressionally-chartered agency charged with the authority and responsibilty to coordinatepublic information on radiation protection and radiation measurements. In its2010 NCRP Report #169, Design ofEffective Radiological Effluent Monitoring andEnvironmental Surveillance Programs, we describe the required radiationdetection equipment and state-of-the-art modeling approaches for de’terminingradionuclide transport pathways in the atmosphere, surface water,groundwater, and soil. Methods are presented for estimating potential radiationdose to the public and natural ecosystems resulting from releases ofradionuclides into the environment.
Based on my experience in assessing potential transport pathways for radiationand a review of the DEC’s internal report, I find two serious flaws that must beaddressed and corrected prior to any final determination related tohydrofracking in New York State. The first is that the report examined a verydifferent type of drilling than that which is being proposed. The second is thatthe authors used RESRAD in a limited way, resulting in faulty conclusions.
The 1999 DEC report examines vertically-drilled oil and gas wells in New YorkState that have been hydrofracked. This is very different from the horizontalhydrofracking currently being proposed for New York State. Vertical wells of thetype measured by the NYSDEC are typically 1500-3000 feet deep with minimalpenetration into the Marcellus shale formation. Horizontal slickwaterbydrofracking wells, on the other hand, reach depths of 6,000 feet before turninghorizontally for an additional mile or so. These deeper, longer wells have amuch greater overall exposure to the Marcellus Shale formation and theradioactive materials contained within it, and thus an increased likelihood ofbringing that radioactivity to the surface. (See Figure 1)
Horizontal gas well
Mrcoltu Shalo Formation
Figure 1: Comparison ofExposure to NORM in Marceflus Shale forVertical Wells and Horizontal Wells
The second flaw is that RESRAD was not properly used to determine ll of thepotential pathways of the radiation. The following diagrams illustrate thepotential pathways for radionuclides released into the environment in anuncontrolled manner, in air or in water.
GreaterTotat Exposure toNormally Occurring Ftadlaotlve Material (NORM)
ill
FladioactlvOI Matertal
Figure 2: Pathways for Radiation Migration Through Air
Ii’
For example, if radioactive wastewater from hydrofracking is spread on aroad, there are two possible scenarios involving different pathways.
In one, the radioactive waste is spread on a paved road with a crown.Some of the waste will inevitably run off the road and find its way intoa waterway or onto grazing fields or crops with the resulting pathways.The radioactivity in the waste remaining on the road will beresuspended by the traffic into the air with the resulting directexposure to humans or biota.
In the second scenario, the waste spread on the dirt road is adsorbed bythe dirt. When the dirt road dries out, the radioactive waste isresuspended in the dust from the road. The dust particle size andconcentration is determined by the weight of a vehicle, the number oftires, and its speed. The dust is inhaled by humans and animals anddeposited on the local vegetation, with the resulting pathways asillustrated above.
In both cases the cumulative impact of the radioactive waste will bedetermined by the amount of radiation contained in the waste, thenumber of vehicles and humans travelling on the road over years,proximity to residential or commercial areas, the amount of radiationmigrating off road into streams or lakes or blowing onto agriculturalland, and finally, the total potential dose to affected humans over time.
RadiocLivGMateriaL -
Figure 3: Pathways for Radiation Migration Through Soil and Water
The radiation dose from a single truck travelling 40 miles per hour on a dirt roadin rural New York State may appear to be insignificant, but the cumulative dosefrom 30 to 40 years of trucks could very easily be significant and needs to berigorously calculated. Although there is considerable concern for the generalpopulation, exposed populations also include those most vulnerable; the old, theyoung and the ill.
Importantly, the type of radioactive material found in the Marcellus Shaleand brought to the surface by horizontal hydrofracking is the type that isparticularly long-lived, and could easily bio-accumulate over time anddeliver a dangerous radiation dose to potentially millions ofpeople longafter the drilling is over.
Under the linear-no threshold hypothesis used in radiation protection, the goalis to limit the total radiation dose to large populations because of the increasedprobability ofhealth effects. In the current case, the uncontrolled release ofhazardous waste could result in the exposure of millions of people over decades.
Moreover, this scenario does not include any analysis of exposures to otherhazardous chemicals used in the fracking process, which could have an unknownsynergistic effect on the population.
SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS
1. Radioactive materials and chemical wastes do not just go away whenthey are released into the environment. They remain active and potentiallylethal, and can show up years later in unexpected places. They bio-accumulate inthe food chain, eventually reaching humans. Under the proposal for horizontalhydrofracking in New York State, there are insufficient precautions formonitoring potential pathways or to even know what is being released into theenvironment.
2. The NYS DEC has not proposed sufficient regulations for trackingradioactive waste from horizontal hydrofracking. By way of comparison, thenuclear.industry has to rigorously account for all releases of radioactivity. Noradioactive material leaves a nuclear fcility without being carefully tracked toits safe final destination. Neither New York State nor the Nuclear RegulatoryCommission would permit a nuclear power plant to handle radioactive materialin this manner. (It is important to note that tracking of radioactive materialscannot be accomplished retrospectively; accurate accounting must beincorporated from the very beginning to ensure public safety.J
3 RESRAD was made precisely for situations like this, but it must be usedproperly to produce valid conclusions. Picking and choosing isolatedscenarios and ignoring downstream exposures, as was done in the Report, is nota proper use of RESRAD and renders the conclusions invalid. All of the potentialpathways over a span of decades as the hazardous material accumulates and thepub1ics body burden build up must be considered to produce a valid RESRADconclusion. This applies to both radioactive and chemical waste.
4. While this statement deals only with the radioactivity ofwaste producedby horizontal hydrofracking, the same principles of exposure pathwaysmust be taken into account for all of the toxic chemicals used in theprocess. The EPA Pavilion Report demonstrates that there are hazardouschemicals in fracking fluid, and a recent review of the EPA report confirmed thatit was valid.
E. Ivan WhiteOctober, 2012
This report was editedforpublic release by Grassroots Environmental Education, anon-profit or9anization.
(19) United States
‘a 111111101011111111101111101 H 111110111 [11111111 liii 11111111US 20110000669A1
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0000669 AlBarlow et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jan. 6, 2011
(54) PERFORATING GUN ASSEMBLY ANDMETHOD FOR CONTROLLING WELLBOREPRESSURE REGIMES DURINGPERFORATING
(75) Inventors: Darren Ross Barlow, Houston, TX(US); Cam Van Is, Missouri City,TX (US); James Marshall Barker,Mansfield, TX (US)
Correspondence Address:LAWRENCE R YOUSTLawrence Youst PLLC2900 McKinnon, Suite 2208DALLAS, TX 75201 (US)
(73) Assignee: HALLIBURTON ENERGYSERVICES, INC., Carroliton, DC(US)
(21) Appi. No.: 12/512,530
106—110—
116-us
120—...
124—126-
(22) Filed: .TuL 30, 2009
Related U.S. Application Dab
(60) Provisional applicationNo. 61/222,106, filed on Jul. 1,2009.
Publication Classification
(51) Tnt. Ci.E21B 43/11 (2006.01)E21B 29/02 (2006.01)
(52) U.S. Cl 1661297; 166/55.1; 166/63
(57) ABSTRACT
A perforating gun assembly for use in a weilbore. The perforating gun assembly includes a carriergun body and a chargeholder disposed within the carrier gun body. A plurality ofshaped charges are supported within the carrier gun body. Asecondary pressure generator is operably associated with atleast one ofthe shaped charges. The secondary pressure generator optimizes the weilbore pressure regime immediatelyafter detonation of the shaped charges by controlling thedynamic underbalancecreatedby the empty gim chambers toprevent excessive dynamic underbalance which may detrimentally effect the perforating operation.
—-140
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Published: February 25, 2011
Toxic Contamination From Natural Gas WellsThe New York Times collected data from more than 200 natural gas wells in Pennsylvania. Many of them are tapping into the Mareellus Shale, a vast
underground rock formation. But a method being used to stimulate wells, called hydraulic fracturing, produces wastewater containing corrosive salts andradioactive and carcinogenic materials. In Pennsylvania, this wastewater has been sent through sewage treatment plants that cannot remove some of the
contaminants before the water is discharged into rivers and streams that provide drinking water. The Times was able to map 149 of the wells.
How much toxiccontaminaHon wasfound in wastewaterfrom each well
Colored circles on the map arescaled to show the amount ofeach contanilnant found inwastewater from each wall.The key to the left shows theamount over the federal limit.
o UndertheEmornodata
• Put4k sewage treatmentplant that accepted gasindustly wastewater withinthe past ur yeais
• Drir’cing water intake plantthat drew in waterdownstream fromwastewater dischaie
• Water quality monitoringstation that began testingtar radioactivity in rivers inNovember2010
1WrT7ER
Toxics Targeting Environmental ProtectIon Agencc state regulators; drilling anles INTOE-MAIL
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Radium
Uranium
,Ber.ne
42 wells exceeded the federaldrinking .vater standard orradium.
A1cOUNT OVER ThE FEDERALLIMIT FOl RABIUM
1500 lancs
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JEREMY Vit-IITE. HAEYOUN PARK AND IAN URBINA I Send Feedback
http:Jfwww.nytlmes.com!interactlve!201 1(02/2?/us!natural—gas—map.iitmt?ni=todaysheadlifleS&emC=tha23 Page 1 c
Oil Yield and
Uranium Content
of Black ShalesBy VERNON E. SWANSON
URANIUM IN CARBONACEOUS ROCKS
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 356-A
Tizi! report co’icerrn work done on beha(f AøT0F
of the U.S. 4tomrc Energy Comm ission-‘-
and is publisAed wit/i the permission 2of the Commi:siot
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37O73 L
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OPFICE WA’SHINGTON : 1960
U
ROL4NDE CUTNER, Esq.60 Broad Street
Suite 350235th Floor
New York, NY 10004Telephone (646) 474-1750
Fax (646) 349-2240Cellphone : (347) 556-5663
Email rokrnde.be1lavitagmail.cornEmail:rolande@cuftierlawfirin.com
In Paris, France In New York, Residence127 rue du Ranelagh 319 West 94th StreetParis 75016 Suite#341France New York, NY 10025Telephone 011 331 45 25 98 33 Cell phone (347) 556-5663Cell phone 0622 942222
New York, September 12, 2012
REMARKS ON TIlE DAMAGE RELEASE AGREEMENT.SUBMITTED TO ME ON SEPTEMBER 13, 2012
1. This type of Agreement could permit a large fraud orchestrated by shadowcharacters
(a) RANGE RESOURCES APPALACHIA, LLC
Is a kind of partnerships where the releasors signing this
release agreement could be the innocent victims of a large
fraud.
(b) RANGE RESOURCES APPALACHIAN LLC does not have
an address . . .only a P.O. Box...
(c) The Releasor do not know the President, the Vice President,
the Treasurer, the Chief Executor Officer of this LLC
(d) The Releasor have not seen the Articles of Organization of the
LLC and the original receipt of the Department of State
I
//
showing payment of the filing fee on the day of the
organization of the Limited Liabiity Company.
(e) The Board of Directors and officers are unknown.
(f) Initial Capital Contributions are unknown and we do not know
if there is an Obligation to Restore Deficit Balance if any?.
(g) Compliance with Insurance obligation is unknown.
(h) What is going to happen in case of death of member interest,
dissolution, Bankruptcy or incompetency of the management
driving the operation of the company to a disaster?
(i) Behind this LLC with a P0 Box as only address, it could exist
a scheme run entirely by shadow characters committing felony
of grand larceny in connection with an alleged improvements
of the surface of the land, drilling activity, dust, noise, increase
traffic, imposed by the LLC RANGE RESOURCES on the
innocent victims, land owners and home owners in the areas.
(I) This DAMAGE RELEASE AGREEMENT does not provide
enough evidence that the company LLC can frlfill its
engagements contains in the AGREEMENT.
(k) Furthermore it is incredible that the possible damages resulting
from drilling activity, dust, noise, increased traffic and road
construction of well sites could be evaluated at only $1,500.00
(1) It looks that the company has no idea of the extension of
damages on the properties of the innocent victim in the area,
2
Page 1 ofl
Breaking News ALERT**Breaking News ALERT**Breaking News ALERT**
Fracking Linked to Birth Defects in Landmark StudyA recent, peer-reviewed study has linked birth defects to the presence of fracking within a 1 fl-mile radius of the mother’shome. -
This important study, conducted by researchers at the Colorado School of Public Health and Brown liniversily, found ‘ranassociation between the density and proximity of natural gas wells within a 10 mile radius of maternal residence andorevalence of congenital heart defects” as well as possible links to defects of the brain and spinal cord.
With the explosive growth of tracking and the drilling of new oil and gas wells across the United States, including in largepopulation areas, we are placing our infants and children at risk of devastating birth defects and other harms.
Read the enclosed letter and take action by joining Food & Water Watch’s national campaign to ban tracking. Thank you.
https://fbccln-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.fletfhPhOtOS-ak-aSh3/tl.0-9/10... 5/9/2014
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