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1. Web accessibility for an ageing population OZeWAI Conference 30 November 2011 Andrew Arch Assistant Director, Web Policy – Accessibility. Australian Government Information Management Office (AGIMO). Ageing in Australia. Intergenerational Review 2010 (Treasury) Acknowledges: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Web accessibility for an ageing population
OZeWAI Conference 30 November 2011
Andrew ArchAssistant Director, Web Policy – Accessibility
1
Australian Government Information Management Office (AGIMO)
Ageing in Australia
Intergenerational Review 2010 (Treasury)
Acknowledges:• Population is ageing• Increased spending required on health, age-
pensions, aged-care• Age-care policies need to enable people to
stay in the community as long as possiblehttp://www.treasury.gov.au/igr/
Extended working career
Age Commissioner:• “A recent Deloittes report on the looming national skills
shortage asked the question that should be on the lips of most businesses: Where is your next employee coming from?” Commissioner Ryan said. “Their answer was clear – your next employee is retired or about to retire.”
http://www.hreoc.gov.au/about/media/news/2011/125_11.html
Ageing in Europe
EC funded projects around ICT for ageing well• Smart homes• Smart appliances• E-health• Monitoring• Independent living
DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES
Draws on http://www.w3.org/WAI/presentations/ageing/
Developed with material from W3C Web () /
Global demographic changes
Year 65+ years
80+ years
2010 7.6% 1.5%
2020 9.3% 1.9%
2030 11.7% 2.3%
2040 14.2% 3.3%
2050 16.2% 4.3%
United Nations global demographic forecast
Source: UN World Population Prospects
0
10
20
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Year
Perc
ent
80+ years 65+ years
European situation
Demographic forecast for the EU
Source: EuroStat
Year 65+ years
80+ years
2010 17% 5%
2020 20% 6%
2030 24% 7%
2040 27% 8%
2050 29% 12%
0
10
20
30
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
Year
Per
cent
80+ years 65+ years
Japanese situation
Demographic forecast for Japan
Source: Japanese Statistics Bureau
Year 65+ years
2010 23%
2020 29%
2030 32%
2040 37%
2050 40%
Australia’s situation
Demographic forecast for Australia
Source: ABS Population Projections
Year 65+ years
80+ years
2010 14% 1.8%
2020 16% 2.1%
2030 19% 2.4%
2040 21% 3.5%
2050 22% 4.4%
CHANGING ABILITIES
Ageing and hearing loss
Impact:•Audio can be difficult to discern •Higher pitch sounds can be missed
Prevalence: •47% of people 61 to 80 years •93% of people 81+ years
Ageing and vision decline
Impact: •Decreasing ability to focus on near tasks •Changing colour perception and sensitivity •Decreasing contrast sensitivity
Prevalence:(significant vision loss) •16% of people 65 - 74 years •19% of people 75 – 84 years •46% of people 85+ years
Ageing and physical decline
Impact:(Motor skill decline can result from many conditions including arthritis and Parkinson's Disease)
• Difficulty using mouse or keyboard
• Difficult to click small areas
• Strain from non-ergonomic tasks
Prevalence:(Conditions commonly reported)
• Arthritis• At least 50% of people over
65 affected
• Essential tremor• Affects up to 20% of people
over 65
• Parkinson's Disease• Approximately 4% of people
over 85 affected
Ageing and cognitive decline
Impact: Navigation, comprehension, and task completion can be affected by:
• Short term memory problems
• Difficulty with concentration
• Distraction from movement or irrelevant material
• Difficulty coping with information overload
Prevalence: (Conditions commonly reported)
• Dementia: • 1.4% of people 65-69 yrs • 24% of people 85+ yrs
• Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is more common:
• Around 20% of people over 70 years are estimated to experience MCI
OLDER PEOPLE ONLINE
Unprecedented opportunities for:
• Social interaction and communication • Access to information• Access to eCommerce• Access to government services and civic
participation • Training and learning opportunities • Employment, research, and access to
workplace applications
“Older Australians and the Internet”
Participants awareness of and interest in the internethttp://apo.org.au/research/older-australians-and-internet
“Older Australians and the Internet”
Barriers identified:• Don’t know how to use it• Confused by the technology• Concern about security and viruses• Don’t know what it does• Rely on friends & family
Numbers online (2006)
ACCESSIBILTY FOR OLDER PEOPLE
Observations from the literature
• Many studies seemed unaware of the W3C/WAI work• Information overload was commonly identified • Less technical, more usability, requirements
predominated• Accessibility options were not appreciated by users • Adaptive strategies were seldom considered • Assistive technology was not discussed • Hearing as an impairment was ignored
Draws on http://www.w3.org/WAI/presentations/ageing
Roger Hudson’s survey (2010)
Common problems• “Silly little picture about nothing”• “Fancy stuff that keeps moving”• “Finding what I’m after”• “Too many navigation choices”
Text size or colour• Text size sometimes a problem for 48%• Colour mentioned by 23%
http://kwz.me/Y3 /
ROLE OF WAI GUIDELINES
Components of web accessibility
Accessible web content
Requirements include:• Readable and understandable text • Identifiable and understandable links • Clear and identifiable headings • Good orientation and navigation
WCAG 2.0 addresses these
Usability improvements
Usability improvements especially help older people and people with disabilities:
• Page layout and design - provide consistency and avoid overload
• Text presentation - use left justification, increase line spacing & margins, avoid italics and underlining
• Forms - avoid complexity and provide clear guidance • Menus and links - provide predictability and
consistency
WCAG 2.0 also addresses these
WAI-AGE OUTCOMES
WAI-AGE goals
• Raising awareness of Web accessibility for older people
• Better explaining the applicability of the WAI guidelines for older people
• Avoiding potential fragmentation through reinvention of requirements
• Encouraging participation of older people in W3C/WAI standardization
WAI-AGE resources
Revision of existing WAI resources, including:
• Developing a Web Accessibility Business Case for Your Organization
• Before and After Demonstration (BAD) website
• Involving Users in Web Projects for Better, Easier Accessibility
• Developing Web Accessibility Presentations and Training
WAI-AGE resources
New WAI resources:• Better Web Browsing - Tips to customize your com
puter• Contacting Organizations about Inaccessible Web
sites• Developing Websites for Older People• How to Make Presentations Accessible to All
Websites for Older People:How WCAG 2.0 Applies
Perceivable• Text size• Text style and text layout• Color and contrast• Multimedia• Text-to-speech (speech synthesis)• CAPTCHA
Operable• Links• Navigation and location• Mouse use• Keyboard use and tabbing• Distractions• Sufficient time
Understandable• Page organization• Understandable language• Consistent navigation and labeling• Pop-ups and new-windows• Page refresh and updates• Instructions and input assistance• Error prevention and recovery for forms
Robust• Older equipment/software
http://www.w3.org/WAI/older-users/developing
AUSTRALIAN ACTIVITIES
National Seniors Australia report
Older people will be online for :• e-Health• Social networking• Adult learning• Shopping & banking
http://www.productiveageing.com.au/site/grants_arc.php
Initiatives
Australia• Web Accessibility National Transition Strategy• National Broadband Network• Digital Communities
UK• Silver Surfers Day/week• Race Online 2012
NTS timeframes
• Implementation WCAG 2.0 by Australian Governments in accordance with agreed work plan• Level A by December 2012• Level AA by December 2014
• Bottom line - websites that are not accessible are not fit for purpose
Discussion
Contact details• Andrew.Arch@finance.gov.au• WCAG2@finance.gov.au • 02 6215 1618
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