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www.scottishpowerrenewables.com 1
Alberto Avila Armella
Weather Down Time in Offshore
Wind Installation Works:
Assessment and Potential R&D
Work Lines
Studi di Aggiornamento sull'Ingegneria Off-Shore e Marina AIOM
"Tecniche e tecnologie nelle costruzioni marittime e offshore"
https://www.iberdrola.es/
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Content
1. Introduction
2. Operational limits
3. Potential work lines
a) WDT assessment
b) Monitoring
c) Improved operational limits
4. Conclusions
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
https://www.iberdrola.es/
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Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
ScottishPower/Iberdrola Portfolio
West of Duddon Sands
(JV with Dong)
Operating
(108x3.6=389 MW)
Wikinger
Under construction
(70x5=350 MW)
East Anglia One
CfD secured
(102x7=714 MW) St. Brieuc
Development
East Anglia Three
Development
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1. Introduction
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
Offshore Wind
Offshore O&G Onshore Wind
Key differences
Technology under development. More stable wind resource, and less turbulent.
Multiple elements: long periods, repetitive. More expensive components.
Complex O&M Logistics due to dispersion. Challenging O&M
Transmission
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1. Introduction
Offshore Wind founding and financial decision
Process:
1. Development rights
2. Consent, feasibility studies
3. Basic engineering and tenders
4. Preferred suppliers and contractors selected
5. Final Investment Decision
6. Fabrication
7. Installation
8. Operations
9. Decommissioning
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
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1. Introduction
Uncertainties
The final investment decision requires certainty (reduced margins)
Weather conditions ≠ Certainty
• Energy yield:
• Long term → mean regime
• Installation costs (due to WDT)
• Short term → risk management, statistical analysis
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
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2. Operational Limits
Definition of offshore operations
Marine operations must be engineered to guarantee:
• Safety of people
• Environment protection
• Integrity of elements to install
• Integrity of installation means
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
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2. Operational Limits
Movements
• Movements are the ultimately factor that determines operability.
• But metocean agents are used to define limits (difficult standardization).
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
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2. Operational Limits
Definition of offshore operations
Offshore operations are
• planed
• contractually regulated
• executed
based on a breakdown of activities, with limits and durations
defined.
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
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2. Operational Limits
Definition of offshore operations
Critical path
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
ACTIVITIES Hs
(m) Tp (s)
u10
(m/s)
uhub
(m/s)
Current
(m/s)
Visibility
(m)
Duration
(hours)
7 Jack-up and preload x x x
8 Release sea fastening crane x x
9 Tower installation x x
10 Nacelle + hub installation x x
11 Blades set installation x x
12 Crane in safe position x x
13 Jack-down, move to next position x x x
14 Positioning x x x
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2. Operational Limits
Sensitivity
Programme
Example
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
Net time Cost of Spread
120 days 0.2 M€/day
1.5 2 1.5 2 1.5 2
72 40% 59% 300 203 60 41
24 58% 74% 207 162 41 32
4 71% 84% 169 143 34 29
2 72% 86% 167 140 33 28
Availability
Hs limit [m]Weather
window [hr]
Total time [days] E.g. budget M€
Hs limit [m] Hs limit [m]
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2. Operational Limits
Sensitivity
Budget
Example: indicative day rate of installation spread:
200,000 €/day
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
Net time Cost of Spread Cost of Spread
120 days 0.2 M€/day 0.5 M€/day
1.5 2 1.5 2 1.5 2 1.5 2
72 40% 59% 300 203 60 41 150 102
24 58% 74% 207 162 41 32 103 81
4 71% 84% 169 143 34 29 85 71
2 72% 86% 167 140 33 28 83 70
Hs limit [m]
E.g. budget M€Availability
Hs limit [m]Weather
window [hr]
Total time [days] E.g. budget M€
Hs limit [m] Hs limit [m]
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3. Potential R&D Work Lines
a) WDT assessment
Objective of WDT assessment:
Reliable information for risk management and investment decision
Methods:
• Based on rates: for early development phases, average
• Based on simulation: for detailed planning, budget allocation
(process simulated for historical records).
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
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3. Potential R&D Work Lines
a) WDT assessment
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
Duration,
Cost
100%
50%
No
n e
xce
ed
an
ce
pro
ba
bili
ty
Strategy
A
Strategy
B
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3. Potential R&D Work Lines
a) WDT assessment
Work lines (simulation models):
• Improved usage and results post-processing
• Sensitivity analysis
• Presentation of results
• Simulation of other risks.
• Accuracy estimations, based on the quality of the input data.
• Influence of the quality of the weather forecasts expected.
• Customization to specific vessels.
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
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3. Potential R&D Work Lines
b) Monitoring
Movement = f ( Metocean agents
Characteristics of vessels and equipment
Interaction between them- movements )
Work lines:
• Systems to monitor metocean conditions and movements
during execution.
• Methodologies to define operational limits based on monitoring.
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
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3. Potential R&D Work Lines
b) Monitoring
Subjectivity:
• Captain
• Marine Warranty Surveyor
New systems need an implementation process, with the
involvement of the different stakeholders (consensus, certification,
experience, confidence).
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
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3. Potential R&D Work Lines
c) Improved operational limits
• Proprietary, for example.:
• Onshore Pre-commissioning.
• Dimensions and weight optimization.
• Blades installation tools.
• Widely applicable
• Equipment manufacturers.
• New vessels.
• Joint initiatives (e.g. ORE Catapult, CT OWA)
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
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4. Conclusions
• There is still margin for improve WDT assessment and to
optimize operations.
• Innovation must be inclusive for the different stakeholders.
• The applicability due to manufacturer-specific conditions should
be taken into account.
Weather Down Time in Offshore Wind Installation Works: Assessment and Potential R&D Work Lines
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