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7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
1/50Water L Reductin in Arica | 1
Editr: Dr. Reza ArdakanianLi Mullin Bernhardt
Ht th Unit Natin Unirit (UNU)
UNW-DPC
Prceedin Reinal Wrkhp n
Watr L Ructin in Arica
Oagadogo, Brka Faso, Fbrar 2011Cap Tow, Sot Afrca, Marc 2011
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
2/50
Editors: Reza Ardakanian, Li Mullin Bernhardt UNWDPC
Compilation assistance: Ajibike Adeem UNWDPC
Graphic Design: Katja Clud UNWDPC
Photos copyright: UNWDPC
UN-Water Decade Programme on Capacity Development (UNW-DPC)
United Nations University
UN Campus
Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 10
53113 Bonn
Germany
Tel +49-815-0652
Fax +49-228-815-0655
www.unwater.unu.edu
info@unwater.unu.edu
All rights reserved.
Publication does not imply endorsement.
This book was printed and bound in Germany on recycled paper.
Proceedings Series No. 7
Published by UNW-DPC, Bonn, Germany
Juli 2011
UNW-DPC, 2011
Disclaimer
The iew epreed in thi publicatin are nt necearil the the aencie cperatin in thi prject. The deinatin empled
and the preentatin material thruhut thi publicatin d nt impl the eprein an pinin whateer n the part the UN,
UNWDPC, UNU, UNHABITAT and BWA cncernin the leal tatu an cuntr, territr, cit r area r it authritie, r cncernin
the delimitatin it rntier r bundarie.
Unle therwie indicated, the idea and pinin epreed b the peaker d nt necearil repreent the iew their empl
er. Pleae nte that the iew reprted rm the rup dicuin derie rm dicuin between dierent participant attendin themeetin. A uch their appearance in thi publicatin de nt impl that all participant aree with the iew epreed, althuh rup
cnenu wa uht where pible. The cntributin cntained herein hae been lihtl edited and rermatted r the purpe thi
publicatin. The publiher wuld welcme bein ntied an remainin errr identied that the editin prce miht hae mied.
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
3/50
Prceedin Reinal Wrkhp n
Watr L Ructin in Arica
Oagadogo, Brka Faso, Fbrar 2011
Cap Tow, Sot Afrca, Marc 2011
Editr: Dr. Reza ArdakanianLi Mullin Bernhardt
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
4/504 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
LivingWaterInternatin
al
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
5/50Water L Reductin in Arica | 5
FoREWoRD 3
1 | INTRoDUCTIoN To WATER Loss REDUCTIoN IN AFRICA 7
2 | ovERvIEW oF UNW-DPCs oTHER REgIoNAL AND INTERNATIoNAL
ACTIvITIEs oN WATER Loss REDUCTIoN 13
2.1 | REgIoNAL DRINKINg WATER Loss REDUCTIoN WoRKsHoPs 15
2.2 | CooPERATIoN oN gUIDELINEs FoR WATER Loss REDUCTIoN 18
3 | UNW-DPCs ACTIvITIEs oN WATER Loss REDUCTIoN IN AFRICA 21
3.1 | REgIoNAL WoRKsHoP FoR WEsT AND CENTRAL CoUNTRIEs
(oUAgADoUgoU, BURKINA FAso, FEBRUARy 2011) 24
3.1.1 | PARTICIPANTs 26
3.1.2 | PRogRAMME 27
3.1.3 | DIsCUssIoNs AND REsULTs 30
3.2 | UNW-DPC AT WoRLD WATER DAy 2011
(CAPE ToWN, soUTH AFRICA, MARCH 2011) 31
3.2.1 | sEssIoN oN NoN-REvENUE WATER REDUCTIoN:
AN AFRICAN PERsPECTIvE 35
3.2.2 | LAUNCH oF A NEW CAPACITy DEvELoPMENT BooK
AND TRILINgUAL DvD oN REDUCTIoN oF WATER Loss
IN CITIEs ARoUND THE WoRLD 41
3.2.3 | UNW-DPC AT THE UN-WATER BooTH 43
4 | REsULTs AND CoNCLUsIoN 45
TAbLe of CoNTeNTs
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
6/506 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
Pridin adeuate amunt reh, utainable water are the
ketne t deelpment and t lie itel, and n where i thi
mre eident than perhap in Arica. gien the water crii in
man part the wrld and the cnnected challene in meet
in the Millenium Deelpment gal MDg b their taret in
2015, ert t increae water ecienc, and in particular reduce drinkin water le, are imprtant al which can hae
inicant enirnmental and een nancial repercuin. E
rt need t be redubled i we are t reach the al, and
unrtunatel awarene reardin the cpe the prblem
and aailable lutin i till lackin. T cntribute t addre
in thi need, the UNWater Decade Prramme n Capacit
Deelpment UNWDPC ha been cntinuul wrkin n
thi tpic ince it inauuratin in Auut 2007, ia participa
tin in internatinal cnerence, the ranizatin cner
ence and wrkhp, publicatin and ide, epert wrkin
rup, ein and trainin r the interaenc mechanim
knwn a UNWater.
UNWDPC tarted wrkin in thi imprtant area hrtl ater
the undin it prramme in Bnn, with a rt actiit in
the rm an Internatinal Wrkhp n Drinkin Water L
Reductin: Deelpin Capacit r Applin slutin t
ether with UNHABITAT in september 2008. A a llwup
the recmmendatin thi wrkhp and in rder t addre
the iue water l reductin at the reinal leel, UNWDPC
ranized in cllabratin with it Wrkin grup n Water E
cienc and in urther cperatin with UNHABITAT three
reinal wrkhp n capacit deelpment r imprin
water ecienc, Water L Reductin in Water & sanitatin
Utilitie, with the bjectie deelpin capacitie t better
foReWoRd
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
7/50Water L Reductin in Arica | 7
euip deciin maker t addre the prblem drinkin water l. The re
inal wrkhp were ranied between Nember 2009 Januar 2010 in
Meic r Latin American Cuntrie, in Bularia r suth Eat Eurpean Cun
trie, and in Mrcc r Arab and Nrth Arican Cuntrie ttal number participant wa 429 repreentin 60 cuntrie.
We hae nw cntinued thee actiitie int 2011, with a urther actiit r the
Arican rein in Cape Twn in March 2011 at Wrld Water Da, with a eminar
n the tpic Capacit Buildin r Nn Reenue Water Reductin: an Arica
Perpectie, tether with UNHABITAT and the Arican Deelpment Bank.
In additin, UNWDPC ha been urther enaed with thi tpic thruh recentcperatin n internatinal guideline r Drinkin Water L Reductin t
ether with gIZ, vAg, KIT and the Unierit Applied science Nrthwetern
switzerland. T thi end, ur ce cntributed t the ucceul cmpletin
a Reinal Wrkhp n Water L Reductin in ouaaduu, Burkina Fa,
in Februar 2011. Thee and ther actiitie hae reulted in eeral editin t
be und in ur Prceedin erie publicatin n reinal wrkhp, a
well a a tatetheart bk releaed n Wrld Water Da 2011 n the tpic
Capacit Deelpment r Drinkin Water L Reductin and a trilinual DvD
n Reducin Water L in Citie Arund the Wrld.
I wuld like t take thi pprtunit nce aain t epre ur ratitude t ur
dnr and partner in thee actiitie er the pat ew ear, in particular the
german Federal Minitr Educatin and Reearch BMBF and the german
Federal Minitr r Ecnmic Cperatin and Deelpment BMZ. We wuld
al like t thank ur cllabratr within UNWater n thi tpic, epeciall UN
Habitat, and the lcal cperatin rm partner uch a the Bularian Water A
ciatin BWA, the Arab Cuntrie Water Utilitie Aciatin ACWUA, a well
a cllabratin with ther lcal partner uch a ANEAs, the InterAmerican
Deelpment Bank IDB and the Arican Deelpment Bank ADB.
I wih u an enjable read.
Dr. Rza Ardakanan
Drcr, UNWDPC
Bnn, Grmany
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
8/508 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
LivingWaterInternatin
al
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
9/50Water L Reductin in Arica | 9
1 WATER Loss REDUCTIoN IN AFRICA
INTRodUCTIoN ToWATeR Loss RedUCTIoN IN AfRICA
IN JULy 2010, THE UN PAssED A HIsToRICAL REsoLUTIoN WHICH ACKNoWL-
EDgEs THAT ACCEss To ADEqUATE AMoUNTs oF HIgH qUALITy WATER FoR
DRINKINg, CLEANINg AND sANITATIoN Is A BAsIC RIgHT ACCoRDED To PEo-
PLE ALL ovER THE WoRLD. THIs Is A sIgNIFICANT sTEP ToWARDs ADDREss-
INg THE FACT THAT CURRENTLy MoRE THAN oNE-sIxTH oF THE WoRLDs
PoPULATIoN DoEs NoT HAvE ACCEss To sAFE DRINKINg WATER. Too LARgE
oF A NUMBER oF THEsE ARE IN AFRICA.
gien the act that water ualit i uch an imprtant parameter tuchin n
all apect ectem and human wellbein uch a the health a cm
munit, d prductin, ecnmic actiit, ectem health and bidierit,
enurin adeuate amunt hih enuh water ualit i eential i we are
t impre the ituatin the liin at lw nancial, wealth and educatinal
leel. The UN uet that each pern need 2050 litre ae rehwater a
da t enure their baic need r drinkin, ckin and cleanin Wrld Water
Aement Prramme/WWAP, and currentl arund 894 millin peple d
nt hae acce t thi amunt ae rehwater WHo/UNICEF Jint Mnitr
in Prramme n Water suppl and sanitatin JMP.
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
10/5010 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
sae water i the crnertne deelpment. In thi repect, ecurin enuh
hih ualit water i nt enuh a ln a there are uch reat le in the wa
ter that ha a drinkin leel ualit and i detined t huehld r ther public
acce pint arund the wrld. That i what make imprin water ecienc
imprtant it increae the amunt hih ualit water that actuall reache it
detinatin, enurin reater impact r the wh need it mt.
Millenium Deelpment gal 8 call r the wrld t Enure enirnmental u
tainabilit. Althuh reat tride hae been made, ubsaharan Arica i till un
rtunatel ne the rein which ace cniderable challene in thi area. It
ha et itel the taret pridin 63 per cent it ppulatin with impred
anitatin b 2015, and that will mean pridin acce t an additinal 370 mil
lin peple in the net 4 ear. glball, diarrhea i the leadin caue illne
and death, and 88 per cent diarrheal death are due t a lack acce t ani
tatin acilitie, tether with inadeuate aailabilit water r hiene and
unae drinkin water JMP.
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
11/50Water L Reductin in Arica | 11
Tda 2.5 billin peple, includin almt ne billin children, lie
withut een baic anitatin. Eer 20 ecnd, a child die a a re
ult pr anitatin. That 1.5 millin preentable death each ear.
Surc: War Supply and Sanan Cllabra Cuncl WSSCC
In subsaharan Arica, treatin diarrhea cnume 12 percent
the health budet. on a tpical da, mre than hal the hpi
tal bed are ccupied b patient uerin rm aecalrelated dieae.
Surc: WSSCC
Depite imprement in anitatin ince 1990, 2.6 billin peple acr the
wrld lack acce t impred anitatin tda, and ubsaharan Arica i ne the mt eerel hit. Acknwledin reat challene r Arica, r eample, in
the ectr health, anitatin, rehwater utainabilit, drinkin water ual
it, and water ecienc in ariculture, UNWater ha made thi cntinent a pri
rit actin area. UNWDPC therere al cue man it actiitie n and
r the Arican rein.
In realit, man cuntrie in the wrld are acin water carcit prblem, and
ten baic human need cannt be met, epeciall in urban area. Arica i a
pecic cae, depite the act that prre ha been made. Currentl abut 13%
the wrld ppulatin cme rm Arica, but it wrld ecnmic utput i
nl 2%. Arica i the ecnd driet cntinent in the wrld and it i predicted that
1.45 billin peple will ace water carcit in the cmin ear. Reprt tate that
urteen cuntrie are eperiencin water tre at the mment, and 11 are at
the ere jinin the water tre prblem b the ear 2025 WWF Interna
tinal, 2011.
simultaneul, UNHABITAT 2004 prject an increae in the urban ppula
tin abut 2.12 billin peple between 2000 and 2030, with mt increae
ccurrin in deelpin cuntrie, leadin t hiher water demand. Hweer,
nt nl increaed water demand are drier water carcit, but additinall
lw water ue eciencie due t inapprpriate water manaement are wren
in the ituatin.
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
12/5012 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
Phical water le in the water ditributin netwrk are
crucial apect in manain water demand, and hih benet
culd be reached thruh mre ecient water l manae
ment b water utilitie thi i particularl the cae in water
treed area uch a can be und in man part Arica. Pr
ductin ct culd be reduced and decreaed leakae wuld
lead t hiher tem preure, reultin in better erice re
ardin preure, cntinuit and reliabilit. The ptential wa
ter ain due t decreaed leakae lie in the rane 20%
t 30%, demntratin the real ecnmic adantae and need
r an impred water l manaement.
Realizin the need r capacit deelpment in the eld wa
ter ue ecienc, UNWDPC ranized a erie internatinal
and reinal wrkhp n Drinkin Water L Reductin:
Deelpin Capacitie r Applin slutin tether with
UNHABITAT between 2008 and 2010, with an additinal acti
it n the tpic r the Arican rein in March 2011. Arund
500 participant athered t dicu the prblem water
le and pible lutin reardin technical, plitical and
adminitratie apect in thee ur dierent area the wrld:
IN mANy deveLopINg CoUNTRIes pUbLIC
UTILITIes do NoT peRfoRm WeLL beCAUse
of LoW moTIvATIoN, pooR mANAgemeNT,
INAdeqUATe CosT ReCoveRy ANd poLITICAL
INTeRfeReNCe.
World Water development report 3,
Chapter 7
UNPhtolivierChasst
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
13/50Water L Reductin in Arica | 13
Latin America and the Caribbean, sutheat Eurpe, and Arab Cuntrie, and
the urth reinal actiit carried ut pecicall r Arica.
UNWDPC main bjectie in thee wrkhp were t traner knwlede and
bet practice reardin ecient water manaement, while encurain cmmunicatin between plic maker, water manaer and reearcher between
dierent cuntrie. With thi in mind UNWDPC cntribute directl t achiein
the MDg taret, t hale the number peple withut utainable acce t
clean water b 2015.
The reult rm each thee wrkhp were carried int the actiitie r
ther rein, and al enhrined in ariu publicatin, includin a recent
tatetheart bk n Drinkin Water L Reductin, which wa publihedb Paenhlz printer in March 2011. Anther tatetheart nthei
UNWDPC drinkin water l actiitie wa bruht ut in a pecial 15minute
mie n Reducin Water L in Citie Arund the Wrld, bruht ut n DvD
in a trinlinual erin r Wrld Water Da in March 2011 and aailable n the
UNU yuTube channel.
UNWDPC ha, hweer, dne much mre in the area Arica: in act all it
partnerhip in it reinal erie trainin r deciin maker, r increaed
water ecienc in ariculture thruh the ue the AuaCrp tware, r
trainin media, etc hae had ne t rml planted n the cntinent.
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
14/5014 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
Wrldbank
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
15/50Water L Reductin in Arica | 15
2 WATER Loss REDUCTIoN IN AFRICA
oveRvIeW of UNW-dpCs oTHeRINTeRNATIoNAL ANd RegIoNAL
ACTIvITIes oN WATeR Loss
RedUCTIoN
UNW-DPC Is A PRogRAMME oFFICE oF UN-WATER, AN INTER-AgENCy MECH-
ANIsM THAT sTRENgTHENs CooRDINATIoN AND CoHERENCE AMoNg UN
ENTITIEs DEALINg WITH IssUEs RELATED To ALL AsPECTs oF FREsHWATER
AND sANITATIoN. THIs INCLUDEs sURFACE AND gRoUNDWATER REsoURC-
Es, THE INTERFACE BETWEEN FREsHWATER AND sEAWATER AND WATER-RE-
LATED DIsAsTERs.
In it wrk, UNWater cncentrate n a number Fcu Area, ne which
i cued n Water scarcit ther are water ualit and capacit buildin.
Man thee cu area are implemented within timebund Tak Frce r
Thematic Pririt Area which are lnerterm in nature and entail a trn
cu n interaenc cllabratin and crdinatin UNWater, and UNWDPC
i a member r upprter mt thee Tak Frce and Thematic Pririt
Area. In additin, ur prramme wa et up t eprel addre the capacit
buildin actiitie r UNWater, and t d thi we wrk n all area trateic
imprtance t UNWater.
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
16/5016 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
Water carcit aect eer cntinent in the wrld. While me area uer rm
phical carcit, man peple arund the wrld ace ecnmic water hrtae,
where cuntrie lack the inratructure t brin water rm rier and auier.
Urban area al hae pecial demand n their water upplie, and in particularl arid land, water carcit i a realit that aect all area deelpment
and reuire actie imprement knwlede traner and capacitie. But b
ar the biet uer water i ariculture, accuntin r abut 75 per cent
all withdrawal in deelpin cuntrie. The Fd and Ariculture oranizatin
FAo predict a 14 per cent net epanin ue between 20002030 t meet
d demand. With increain demand n water reurce, it i becmin nec
ear t manae thee reurce eectiel and t impre ecnmic perr
mance. Imprin water ue ecienc reuire, amn ther thin, impredtechnlie, increaed maintenance t reduce leakae, better knwlede and
apprpriate plicie.
Within the area water carcit, UNWDPC ha made ne it reatet and
mt cnitent cntributin. It i a member the Tak Frce n Water scarcit,
led b FAo, and pride ecretariat upprt t a Wrkin grup n Water Ue
Ecienc within thi Tak Frce, pecicall lkin at ariculture. Thi cmple
ment well the etenie amunt wrk that UNWDPC ha alread dne n
water l reductin in urban area, includin a erie reinal wrkhp, the
ettin up a pecial cientic UNWDPC Wrkin grup n Water Ecienc,
reultin in pecial academic publicatin and a 15minute preinall made
DvD n thi tpic.
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17/50Water L Reductin in Arica | 17
CHAPTER 2 | ovERvIEW oF REgIoNAL & INTERNATIoNAL ACTIvITIEs
2.1 | Rgoal Drkg Watr LossRdcto Worksops
Water l reductin wa ne the rt tpic t be taken up b UNWDPC
ater it inauuratin in 2007, beinnin in september 2008 with an interna
tinal wrkhp n Drinkin Water L Reductin: Deelpin Capacitie r
Applin slutin tether with UNHABITAT. The reult thi ucceul internatinal wrkhp can be und in ur Prceedin N. 1 dcument aail
able nline. Ater thi wrkhp, a cientic Wrkin grup n Water Ecienc
wa etablihed at UNWDPC, which crdinated UNWDPC later actiitie and
llwed recmmendatin rm UNHABITAT and ther participant at the in
ternatinal wrkhp, r UNWDPC t ranize a erie reinal wrkhp
n thi tpic. The aim the reinal wrkhp wa t dieminate recmmen
datin rm the internatinal wrkhp, t dcument aailable knwhw and
bet practice and t recmmend new apprache r mre ecient manae
ment in the eld water and anitatin with a cu n water l reductin.
Thee wrkhp al encuraed llwup prject and the etablihment
cmmunicatin between the plic maker, water manaer and reearcher, a
well a the prider technical lutin.
The rt thee reinal wrkhp, r Latin American Cuntrie, wa c
ranized b UNWDPC and UNHABITAT in Nember 2009; the ecnd wa
r suth Eat Eurpean Cuntrie held in sa, Bularia n 1618 Nember
2009 tether with UNHABITAT and the BWA, and the third r Arab Cuntrie
wa held in Rabat, Mrcc n 2021 Januar 2010 tether with UNHABITAT,
oNEPIEA, and ACWUA. Reult rm thee rt three reinal wrkhp hae
been publihed in the UNWDPC Prceedin erie: number 3 Latin Amer
ica, number 4 suth Eatern Eurpe, and number 5 Arab Cuntrie. All are
aailable at UNWDPC webite in a PDF rmat.
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
18/5018 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
Guanajuato, Mexico
2-4 November 2009
Wrkshp
UN-WATER CollAboRAToRs
UN-HABITAT
oThER CoNTRibUToRs
ANEAS, IADB
1sT RegIoNAL WoRksHop
Latin Arican &Carrian Cuntri
ToTAl PARTiCiPANT DisTRi bUTioN
429Participant
60Cuntrie
INTeRNATIoNAL WoRksHop
glal
Bonn, Germany
3-5 September 2009
Wrkshp
UN-WATER CollAboRAToRs
UN-HABITAT
oThER CoNTRibUToRs
BMBF, BMZ
regional and international drinking Water
loss reduCtion Workshops
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
19/50Water L Reductin in Arica | 19
Sofa, Bulgaria
16-18 November 2009
Wrkshp
UN-WATER CollAboRAToRs
UN-HABITAT
oThER CoNTRibUToRs
BWA, EWA
2Nd RegIoNAL WoRksHop
suthat eur
Rabat, Morocco
20-21 January 2010
Wrkshp
UN-WATER CollAboRAToRs
UN-HABITAT
oThER CoNTRibUToRs
ACWUA, oNEPIEA
3Rd RegIoNAL WoRksHop
Ara Cuntri
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
20/5020 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
CHAPTER 2 | ovERvIEW oF REgIoNAL & INTERNATIoNAL ACTIvITIEs
2.2 | Cooprato o Gdls for
Watr Loss Rdcto
It ha becme increainl clear that leakae rm water uppl tem rep
reent a majr btacle in the achieement the human riht t water and
anitatin. gien the wrld carce and urther diminihin water reurce,
etenie water le are incmpatible with the principle utainable man
aement. Thi i a claic cae r the need r impred capacit deelpment:rtl, althuh the rean r water le are manild the are wellknwn
t practitiner; ecndl, the encmpa nt nl technical prblem but al
adminitratie and intitutinal dimenin; and thirdl, under the riht cndi
tin lutin can be airl eail hared between indiidual r rein and
adapted r lcal cnditin ia trainin and dieminatin actiitie uch a
publicatin and ide.
In rder t addre thee prblem, we mut be mre innatie in the tpe
cllabratin we eek, enain partner rm arund the wrld and rm
bth the public and priate ectr. A recent and eectie trateic alliance in
the cntet a publicpriate partnerhip eit between the Deutche geell
chat r Internatinale Zuammenarbeit gIZ gmbH german Internatinal
Cperatin and vAg Armaturen gmbH, ne the wrld leadin manuac
turer pecialied ale lutin.
Thee partner beliee that imprin the manaement eitin water up
pl netwrk, with a pecial cu n the methd preure manaement, can
a ln wa tward lin prblem water l. Tether with the up
prt UNWDPC and the input and adice rm man ther eternal epert
and academic intitutin, the hae prepared a et guideline r Water L
Reductin, aailable in print rm and dwnladable at http://www.waterl
reductin.cm.
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The gIZvAg partnerhip wa rmed t intrduce, prmte and upprt Pre
ure Manaement PM a a bet practice intrument r water l reductin in
elected deelpin and emerin cuntrie a well a t deelp internatin
all accepted uideline in rder t hare knwlede with intereted takehld
er arund the wrld. T d , the enae in ariu actiitie, man which
with the cllabratin UNWDPC:
Awarene raiin stakehlder Dialue
Capacit buildin Trainin
Pilt prject in preure manaement
Partnerhip
one thee majr awarene raiin actiitie, a ucceul stakehlder Dia
lue r Wet and Central Arican Cuntrie which tk place in Burkina Fa in
Februar 2011, i decribed in mre detail in the net chapter.
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
22/5022 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
UnitedNatins
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
23/50Water L Reductin in Arica | 23
3 WATER Loss REDUCTIoN IN AFRICA
oveRvIeW of UNW-dpCs
ACTIvITIes oN WATeR Loss
RedUCTIoN IN AfRICA
WATER CAN MAKE AN IMMENsE DIFFERENCE To AFRICAs DEvELoPMENT IF
IT Is MANAgED WELL AND UsED WIsELy. gIvEN CLEAR PoLICIEs AND sTRATE-
gIEs AND REAL CoMMITMENTs To IMPLEMENTATIoN, WE CAN UsE WATER To
HELP ERADICATE PovERTy, REDUCE WATER-RELATED DIsEAsEs AND ACHIEvE
sUsTAINABLE DEvELoPMENT. (UN-WAteR/AfRiCA, AfRiCAN WAteR viSioN,
2001)
Anther ne UNWater main cu area i n Arica a rein r pririt actin. T
thi end, UNWDPC ha carried ut numeru capacit deelpment and trainin actii
tie in Arica r all it taret area participant: deciin maker, water prein
al, trainer and media. All ur reinallcued erie wrkhp hae had ne
t in Arica, includin trainin r jurnalit in Ept, trainin trainer in the ue
the AuaCrp tware r water ecienc in the aricultural ectr in Burkina Fa
and suth Arica, trainin r plic maker in the MENA rein, cllabratin in the rt
wrkhp r the cientic gWADI netwrk in seneal, and a UNWaterCapacit Deel
pment seminar in Kampala, Uanda March 2010 n the ccain the 15th Arican
Water Aciatin Cnre.
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24/5024 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
A decribed in the preiu chapter, ne the fahip and ke ac
tiitie UNWDPC ince it inceptin ha been n water ecienc,
includin it reinal drinkin water l reductin wrkhp r wa
ter manaer. one thee wrkhp alread ccurred in Nrth Aricain Rabat, Mrcc, r Arab state, in Januar 2010.
Mt recentl, in 2011 UNWDPC cntinued it etenie ac
tiitie n the tpic water l reductin in Arica with tw
urther actiitie: the rt wa within the ramewrk UNW
DPC cperatin n the guideline r Drinkin Water L
Reductin tether with gIZ, vAg, KIT and the Unierit
Applied science Nrthwetern switzerland, with the cntribu
tin rm ur ce t the ucceul cmpletin a Reinal
Wrkhp n Water L Reductin in ouaaduu, Burkina
Fa, in Februar 2011. In additin, a eminar in Cape Twn in
March 2011 r Wrld Water Da n Capacit Buildin r Nn
Reenue Water Reductin: an Arica Perpectie, tether with
UNHABITAT and the Arican Deelpment Bank, added t ur
erie reinal eent n water l reductin.
Al at Wrld Water Da, UNWDPC releaed a pr
einallmade trilinual DvD, made in cllabra
tin with the UN Unierit Media studi in Tk,
Water L Reductin in Citie Arund the Wrld. In thi
15minute ide, water epert dicu the challene wa
ter l aced eer da and uitable lutin t increae e
cienc in urban water uppl tem and appl uitable
apprache t deelp capacitie. The ide i al aailable
n the UNU yuTube channel at http://www.utube.cm/
watch?=Kjnd7Mo4iM.
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A bk launch n Capacit Deelpment r Drinkin Water
L Reductin at Wrld Water Da runded ut UNWDPC ac
tiitie. Thi tatetheart bk utline the ariu prblem
and need related t water ecienc; the technical, pliticaland intitutinal challene r water l reductin in pecic
cae arund the wrld; and ptin r actin and lutin,
which include a dicuin n the capacit deelpment that
i eential r the achieement reater water ecienc.
Includin Arica in all ur reinal actiitie allw r UNW
DPC t enable crertilizatin between plicmaker within
Arica and between Arica and ther wrld rein, makin
aailable knwlede mre acceible and prmtin the up
take lutin. The pride the pprtunit r ariu
cmmunitie t becme inrmed abut lcal and reinal
plic uetin and t cnider repnie lutin. In addi
tin, ur pecic taret aimed at water preinal, deciin
maker, media and trainer in Arica are intended t w the
eed r maimum urther inlement and trainin t ther.
UNW-dpC AT WoRLd WATeR dAy 2011 ACTIvI-
TIes, mARCH 2011, CApe ToWN, soUTH AfRICA
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26/5026 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
CHAPTER 3 | ovERvIEW oN ACTIvITEs IN AFRIKA
3.1 | Rgoal Worksop o Watr
Loss Rdcto for Wst ad CtralAfrca Cotrs, Oagadogo,
Brka Faso, Fbrar 2011
one recent UNWDPC actiit wa a Reinal Wrkhp n Water L Reductin r wet and central Arican Cuntrie, hted b oNEA the Natinal Water
and Watewater Cmpan Burkina Fa with upprt rm gIZ, in cllabra
tin with AWA the Arican Water Aciatin and UNWDPC.
In man deelpin cuntrie, water utilitie are trulin with eceie wa
ter le rm their water ditributin netwrk. In a Wrld Bank reprt 2006
baed n data rm 900 water utilitie, cmmercial water le in the deelp
in wrld hae been etimated t be in the rane 40% t 50% the water
prduced. But lcal water utilitie er ten d nt hae reliable ure n the
actual leel le in their wn tem. The rean are a lack intitutinal
preure and cntrl, ramentar r deectie mnitrin tem bulk me
ter, cutmer meter and inadeuate knwlede the ditributin netwrk
and the reultin impracticalit ettin up a cmplete water balance. Intead,
mt aailable ure abut water le are baed nl n aumptin. Hw
eer, determinin the annual water balance baed n reliable meaurement
data and adeuate etimatin which take all releant cmpnent int cnid
eratin i a precnditin r ecientl reducin water le and electin the
ptimum cuntermeaure.
The Deutche geellchat r Internatinale Zuammenarbeit gIZ gmbH and
the priate ale manuacturer vAgArmaturen gmbH entered int a trateic
alliance with the bjectie aitin water utilitie in deelpin cuntrie
t cmbat water le. Tw unieritie, the Karlruhe Intitute Technl
and the Unierit Applied science Nrthwetern switzerland, upprt thi
partnerhip.
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The prject ha three leel interentin:
elabratin technical uideline
realiin capacit deelpment meaure
implementin pilt prject t demntrate the
ecienc preure, and
manaement r reducin real water le
Within thi ramewrk, a tranbundar stakehlder Dialue
n Water L Reductin r Water Utilitie in Wet and Central
Arica wa ranized in Februar 2011 in Burkina Fa b gIZ
and the lcal water utilit oNEA, with upprt rm UNWDPC,
with the llwin bjectie:
raiin awarene deciinmaker r the i
nicance the matter
echanin inrmatin abut the actual water
l ituatin in the participatin cuntrie
preentin the technical uideline r water l
reductin, and
tetin the deelped trainin cncept and ma
terial
sTAkeHoLdeR dIALogUe oN WATeR Loss
RedUCTIoN foR WATeR UTILITIes IN WesT
ANd CeNTRAL AfRICA, bURkINA fAso,
febRURAy 2011
7/31/2019 Water Loss in Africa
28/5028 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
3.1.1 | Partcpats
Abut 45 repreentatie water utilitie rm eiht rancphne Wet and
Central Arican cuntrie Benin, Burkina Fa, Burundi, Cn RDC, guineaCnakr, Mali, seneal and T and rm the Arican Water Aciatin AWA
participated in thi rum, a well a repreentatie the ranizin intitu
tin. Amn the material ditributed at the wrkhp were a et elabrate
guideline n Water L Reductin in French written b gIZ and vAg, and
cmmented b UNWDPC.
UNWDPC preented a ein at the wrkhp t ie detail n it prramme,
technical uidance t water l reductin, and pride a bet practice eample water l reductin in a pecic taret cuntr, Bularia, which led t a liel
dicuin and me interetin cncluin:
Technical uidance, like what ha been elabrated in the gIZ paper, rec
mmendatin and bk rm IWA and includin the benchmarkin
rm AWWA the American Water Wrk Aciatin are er helpul.
sme adaptatin t the wrkin cnditin in Wet Arica miht be
needed, t nd tailrmade lutin n a cae b cae bai.
There i till a bi ap reardin inrmatin and knwlede abut ec
nmic and nance ea t read nt nl r technical water epert, but
al r treaurer, deciin maker infuencin budet priritie,
and Ngo.
Capacit deelpment, a a cntinuu ert, preerabl cmbinin ca
pacitie rm the public ectr with priate indutrie like vAg, ne
the ranizer the wrkhp i hih pririt
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3.1.2 | Programm
The prramme the rum cnited a takehlder dialue, held n the
rt da, addrein rtl deciin maker and iin UNWDPC the pprtu
nit t preent it actiitie t the audience. It bjectie wa t emphaize the
imprtance water l reductin b addrein the ecnmic impact caued
b nnreenue water.
on the ecnd da, technical directr and enineer the participatin water
utilitie were trained in identiin water le and their caue. Thi pprtu
nit wa ued t tet the newl deelped trainin material.
on the third da preure manaement a ne ptin t ht water le
wa dicued in mre detail and a eld trip wa made t a pilt zne ouaa
duu, where vAg euipment had been intalled.
The urth da inled a lecture that wa held at the unierit the 2IE un
datin, addrein Mater tudent in enirnmental technl wh hae
pecialied in water reurce manaement.
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30/5030 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
T ma otcoms of stakoldr dalog
Quetn burkna Fa burund
Important water losses About 18 % 25 - 45 %
Strategy or ghting them Action plan to reduce
to 17 %
Studies and modulation
ongoing
National policy on WLR no under development
Rules and regulations or WLR no no
Enorcement - -
Structures or WLR Working groups on
national and local level
WLR cell established
Water tarifs 478 FCFA/m3 (= 0,73 )
in average (elevated)
State doesnt pay royal-
ties (30 %)
Financing o water services Water provision is cov-
ered, sanitation not
Study on tarif arrange-
ments under way
Proposals or uture Extension o ... Establishment o ...
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The main utcme thi rt da takehlder dial hae been reprted in lcal newpaper
and Tv new c. http://www.utube.cm/watch?=4W0jmqaP4s4. Kertin Bark, 21.03.2011
pae 5
Congo RDC Guinea senegal Togo
elevated About 40 % => reduc-
tion to 25 % envisaged
bout 20 % (80 % real and
20 % apparent)
About 28 %
Action plan or WLR,
execution has started
Maintenance o network;
Mobilisation o resources
Rehabilitation o the net-
work
Less reactive maintenance
no no yes, national action plan no
no Decrees, not accepted yet Water law Water law
- - Perormance contracts Regulation o service
Institutional reorm
underway
6 leakage ghting teams Pilot committee or ol-
low-up; 2-3 interventions
teams per sector
2 intervention teams
in Lom
Fixed by the government No inormation given No inormation given No inormation given
Households pay only 1/3
o the real costs
Tarifs dont cover needed
investments
97 % o the costs covered;
private system, auto -
nanced
Tarifs dont cover needed
investments
Institutional Trainings on ... Trainings on ... Trainings on ...
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32/5032 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
3.1.3 | Dscssos ad Rslts
The takehlder dialue wa pened b the Technical Adir the Minitr
Ariculture, Water and Fiher Minitre de lAriculture, de lHdrauliue etde Reurce Halieutiue MARH. He welcmed the Preident the Arican
Water Aciatin, the Directr general oNEA, the cuntr repreentatie
gIZ and the audience. The cial inauuratin wa llwed b a iit the CE
MEAU premie. The takehlder dialue then tarted with a dicuin the
bjectie and the preentatin the prramme the three da t cme.
The gIZvAg prject wa preented and eperience with a cae tud rm Peru
were hared, bere the uideline n water l reductin were intrduced
with a deepenin preure manaement a ne cntributin t WLR.
The llwin uetin were aked and dicued in the wrkin rup, the
anwer t which are ummarized in the table n the preiu pae:
1. D u hae prblem with water le in ur utilit?
a. Hw imprtant are the?
b. D u hae a trate r htin them?
c. De a natinal plic r WLR eit?
2. Leal ituatin with repect t WLR?
a. Rule and reulatin?
b. Enrcement?
3. D u hae a tructure in ur utilit dealin with WLR?
4. Ecnmic ituatin?
a. Water tari?
b. Financin water erice?
5. Idea prpal r uture actiitie/ prject?
The reult btained were hared in the plenar, hwin me imilaritie, but
al bi dierence between the cuntrie/ water utilitie preent. In the ater
nn the repreentatie UNWDPC emphaied the imprtance htin
water le b trein their ecnmic impact and b harin eperience
rm the sa water utilit in Bularia. The crdinatr the UNWDPC Wrk
in grup n Capacit Deelpment r Water Ecienc inrmed the audience
the actiitie UNWater, aimin t trenthen crdinatin and cherence
amn UN entitie and nnUN partner dealin with iue related t all apect
rehwater and anitatin. Reult rm preiu cae tudie were preented.
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CHAPTER 3 | ovERvIEW oN ACTIvITEs IN AFRIKA
3.2 | unW-DPC AT WORLD WATeR DAy2011, CAPe TOWn, SOuTh AFRiCA
INTERNATIoNAL WoRLD WATER DAy Is HELD ANNUALLy oN 22 MARCH As
A MEANs oF FoCUsINg ATTENTIoN oN THE IMPoRTANCE oF FREsHWATER
AND ADvoCATINg FoR THE sUsTAINABLE MANAgEMENT oF FREsHWATER
REsoURCEs.
An internatinal da t celebrate rehwater wa recmmended at the 1992
United Natin Cnerence n Enirnment and Deelpment UNCED. The
United Natin general Aembl repnded b deinatin 22 March 1993 a
the rt Wrld Water Da.
Each ear, Wrld Water Da hihliht a pecic apect rehwater. on thi
pae, we preent a brie eriew the dierent theme that hae been the
cu Wrld Water Da celebratin.
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34/5034 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
The internatinal berance Wrld Water Da i an initia
tie that rew ut the 1992 United Natin Cnerence n
Enirnment and Deelpment UNCED in Ri de Janeir. TheUnited Natin general Aembl deinated 22 March each
ear a the Wrld Da r Water b adptin a relutin. Thi
wrld da r water wa t be bered tartin in 1993, in cn
rmit with the recmmendatin the United Natin Cn
erence n Enirnment and Deelpment cntained in chap
ter 18 Freh Water Reurce Aenda 21.
state were inited t dete the Da t implement the UN
recmmendatin and et up cncrete actiitie a deemed ap
prpriate in the natinal cntet.
Wrld Water Da in 2005 marked the tart a new UN Interna
tinal Decade r Actin n water. The Water r Lie Decade
20052015, which UNWDPC i ne the reult a ne
the tw Decade Prramme ie a hih prle t imple
mentin waterrelated prramme and the participatin
wmen. The UN created thi Decade in the hpe that it wuld
bt the chance achiein internatinal waterrelated
al and the United Natin Millennium Declaratin.
Within the Water r Lie Decade, the cu i n the etent t
which water and anitatin are critical actr t alleiate p
ert and huner, r utainable deelpment, r enirnmen
tal interit, and r human health.
WALk foR WATeR IN CApe ToWN, soUTH
AfRICA, WoRLd WATeR dAy 2011
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The rt water decade rm 1981 t 1990 bruht water t er a billin
peple and anitatin t almt 77 millin. But the jb wa nl hal dne. There
are till almt 800 millin peple withut adeuate acce t water and mre
than 2 billin withut adeuate anitatin.
While creatie technlical lutin are certainl needed, the biet chal
lene will be t enure that the pret peple hae acce t clean water and
ae anitatin, t help cmmunitie nd utainable wa t manae and pa
r water and t deelp acceptable wa intrducin ae latrine and
encurain d hiene practice.
The len the rt water decade i that pipe, cement and inratructureculd nt d the jb withut enain with peple and cmmunitie. Thi re
main a challene r the Water r Lie decade.
T reach thee al, each ear UN Water decide the pecic theme that an
nual Wrld Water Da a well a which UN aenc will take the lead t ranize
an eent n 22 March, includin a webite with reurce material. Man rani
zatin in the wrld al ranize lcal WWD eent and ther actiitie.
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36/5036 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
The 2011 tpic r Wrld Water Da wa n Water r Citie: Re
pndin t Urban Challene, and cued n the impact urbanizatin, indutrializatin and uncertaintie caued b cli
mate chane, cnfict and natural diater n urban water
tem. 2011 Wrld Water Da actiitie were held in Cape Twn,
suth Arica, and ranized b the United Natin Enirnment
Prramme UNEP and the United Natin Human settlement
Prramme UNHABITAT.
Baed n it wrk plan and pecic eld actiitie, UNWDPC
wa inled in a number actiitie at the WWD2011:
Participatin in and repreentatin at the UNWater
bth
The launch the UNWDPC Bk n Capacit Deelp
ment r Drinkin Water L Reductin: Challene and
Eperience
The launch the UNWDPC DvD n Reducin Water
L in Citie arund the Wrld
A ein n Nn Reenue Water Reductin: an Arican
Perpectie
A wrkhp n UNWater Mappin Eercie n Water qualit
WoRLd WATeR dAy 2011, CApe ToWN,
soUTH AfRICA
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3.2.1 | Ssso o noRv Watr Rdcto:
a Afrca Prspctv
Thi ein wa cnened b UNWDPC, UNHABITAT, and the Arican Deelp
ment Bank n 21t March 2011 rm 26 pm durin the Wrld Water Da cner
ence in Cape Twn, suth Arica.
UNWDPC, tether with UNHABITAT and the Arican Deelpment Bank, ued
the pprtunit the Wrld Water Da t brin tether epert and ariu
takehlder inled in nn reenue water reductin, epeciall peratr and
peratinal ta rm the Arican Rein, durin the ein entitled CapacitBuildin r Nn Reenue Water Reductin: thuht and cae r the ret
Arica.
The bjectie the ein wa t brin tether practitiner and epert t
echane n their repectie knwhw and epertie, a well a t hwcae
me d practice rm champin utilitie n the cntinent.
Hihliht an ajr utc
1. Wecme Addre: In the welcme addre, it wa nted that the term NRW
NnReenue Water i perceied a placin the blame n the nnpain wa
ter cnumer. Therere, UNWater preer the term WL water le a mre
apprpriate t addre repnible water utilitie and t encurae them t act.
2. Water operatr Partnerp and NRW: In thi ectin the ptential in
terutilit harin knwhw reardin water l reductin wa emphaized.
Here, the peaker aw a reat pprtunit r cperatin gWoPA under UN
HABITAT with UNWDPC.
The glbal WoP Alliance i a netwrk partner cmmitted t helpin water
peratr help ne anther:
t impre their cllectie capacit
t pride acce t water and anitatin erice r all
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38/5038 | UNWDPC Prceedin N. 7
gWoPA main premie i that Practical knwlede and epertie are eitin in
water utilitie but the are uneenl ditributed sharin thi liin librar
knwlede help bridin capacit ap .
3. AfDb and NnRevenue Water: At thi pint ADB emphaized it interet
in nancin water l reductin prram, with ecientl peratin utilitie
able t ecure lan repament. ADB ha been nancin hardware inetment
r water l reductin like netwrk repair a well a tware inetment
cutmer databae cllectin, etc.. Cunternance and prenance thruh
lcal bank i helpul.
4. Capacty Devepment fr Water l Reductn: A need anali preented b peaker Dr. Hani sewilam UNWDPC reealed that the echane
between dnr aencie ha t be trenthened t aid duplicatin and t
enhance nerie. UNWDPC intend t d thi, and cu n electrnic tl.
An imprtant ecapacit tl, the UNWAIs wa intrduced here and ha been
deelped. It i aailable nline.
5. NnRevenue Water Reductn: A cae tud a majr water urban util
it, FIPAg, which ined a PublicPriate Partnerhip PPP between FIPAg/
vEI/Netherland Minitr r Deelpment Cperatin, wa preented b
Neln Beete. He decribed hw the water utilit FIPAg in Mzambiue ha de
elped and eecuted a water erice perrmance cntract a a PsP Priate
sectr Participatin lutin. The eperience rm ur citie were eplained.
Durin thi tetin perid, hue cnnectin hae tripled, erice hur im
pred rm an aerae 10 nw up t 24 hur per da, and NRW came dwn
rm 50 t 20%.
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6. hw t ue Gis tecngy nnvatn fr NRW: swazand Water servc
e Cperatn:The peaker, Dumia Dlamini, hihlihted the eential impr
tance apprpriate pace related data and inrmatin r all utilit peratin.
A gPs handheld unit t lcate and mnitr water meter wa intrduced a aucceul tl t build the gIs baed data tem nt nl r reenue cllec
tin, but al r mappin cnumptin and tem plannin. Inetment
were recered amrtizatin within le than three ear.
Arcan Jurnal Scnc and tchnlgy, Scnc & engnrng Srs vl. 5, pp29
Ater the preentatin b the epert in the panel, the rup dicuin witha uetin and anwer ein wa er liel, with the llwin main pint
reultin:
Man cmmentatr areed with the ndin that nt nl the pr ec
tr ciet are repnible r meter manipulatin and nn pament,
but al uite ten wealth cutmer hae had t be lcated and dici
plined.
A lt hih leel technical iue were raied, and detailed inrmatin
echaned between the participant mainl eperienced peratr
rm utilitie.
Interentin plitician i a burden t ct recer, intrducin ap
prpriate water tari, and priate participatin ma rinence plitical
interentin.
7. Ecnmc Apect f Water l Reductn fr Afrcan Cuntre: The
ct water l per cubic meter eceed b ar the tari r direct ct r
prductin and ditributin uppl water. The ecnmic alue water i
much hiher. surplu damae hae t be cnidered, like the reductin the
technical netwrk lietime. Therere, the benet water l reductin are
hiher than uuall etimated.
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8. Reducng NnRevenue Water n lake Vctra Utte Experence
frm K Twn, Kenya
Jhn All Maba, Manain Directr guii Water & sanitatin, pridedthi preentatin. In 2004 UNHABITAT rmed the Lake victria Rein Water
and sanitatin Initiatie LvWATsANI thruh aciatin with ernment
Uanda, Kena and Tanzania, with the primar al addrein the wa
ter need the ecndar twn arund Lake victria deined t achiee the
MDg taret r water and anitatin.
In 2007, UNHABITAT identied the Uanda Natinal Water and sewerae Cr
pratin NWsC thruh it eternal erice unit a a uitable and cmpetentpartner t carr ut a capacit buildin prramme t eectiel manae the
epanded water and anitatin tem in Kiii. Prductin and Netwrk epan
in.
Thi reulted in a ucceul PIP Perrmance Imprement Prram which
aimed t reduce NRW rm 60% t 42% in 5 ear and had pecic taret r
adeuate ct recer tem, the epanin the reenue bae, impred
cutmer relatin, reductin NRW, and impred ta prductiit.
Ke challene were und in PIP implementatin, in inadeuate nancin r
imprin capacit, in a lack enineerin data/map, inadeuate kill
wrkrce, ta attitude and chane manaement, lack plitical dwill and
upprt, and rerm tranitin wa nt upprted t lical cncluin.
Recmmendatin therere included uetin t:
Deelp an inetment plan with a pr pr cu
Cntinue with PIP implementatin and mre partnerhip
Cntinue capacit buildin prramme ta and tem
Embrace chane and und leaderhip/preinalim
surce r und r implementatin interentin t meet taret et
ut b MDg and viin 2030 in alinment with new cntitutin
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Carr ut demand manaement tud and prepare and diitize eni
neerin map r the netwrk tpe and ae
Inlement all takehlder includin lcal leader.
Prcure leak detectin euipment
9. hw a ma ze ca utty addree NRWThe peaker, Antni Madei
ra Junir, decribed the ert hi water utilit in Mzambiue, EMA s.A., t
delier water llwin the rapid increae in demand. Le culd be reduced
mehw, but the cllectin rate went dwn inicantl, becaue nt all addi
tinal cutmer and additinal demand culd be ered t cutmer atiac
tin. The len learned were that the priate peratr huld be inled inthe NRW inetment, and that aet wner and aet peratr huld hare the
ct trainin, a well.
He lited the ur main caue the hih leel NRW a:
A miture new and ld netwrk
ver hih illeal cnumptin leel
Pr ualit HH cnnectin and
Pr ualit repair n the netwrk
Pible lutin that the peaker lited were:
1. Deactiatin the ld netwrk need inetment
2. A ure client ne b ne, rad b rad, pipe b pipe
need inetment
3. Replace ttin a leak appear with prper ttin
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Qsto & Aswrs
An ecellent and liel q&A ein llwed the preentatin, which dicued
the ecnmic ptimum water l in indiidual cae, the uetin whetherthe human riht t water hamper ert t reduce adminitratie water le
b allwin acce t water een r the wh are nt een willin t pa, and
whether and hw plitician can be encuraed t upprt actin that eem
unppular at the mment.
The panel dicuin bruht three main ndin, namel 1 The iciu circle
pr budet/ pr maintenance/ pr erice/ lw cutmer atiactin/
little plitical upprt/ lw tari/ pr budet can nl be ercme thruhpublic awarene; 2 Water l reductin i jut ne apect which huld be in
terated in erall water demand manaement; beide technical iue, cial
iue are imprtant.; and 3 The ure amn utilitCEo preented b Pr.
Rudlph came t an interetin reult: The hihet pririt wa ien t capac
it deelpment a a bttleneck actr ucce. At an rate it i clear that in
additin t indiidual capacit deelpment, mre intitutinal capacit deel
pment i needed. UNWDPC will cu n thi need in the uture.
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3.2.2 | Launch nw Caacit dlnt
b an trilinual dvd n Rucin Watr
L in Citi Arun th Wrl
Ater the ein, Jhan Kulentierna mderated a panel t releae the new
UNWDPC bk n Capacit Deelpment, in which ther prminent panel
member were al inled:
Pr. KarlUlrich Rudlph, lead cntributin authr and head UNW
DPC Wrkin grup n Water Ecienc Dr. Reza Ardakanian, Directr, UNWDPC
Dr. Hani sewilam, cntributin authr and Prramme ocer, UNWDPC
LAUNCH of THe UNW-dpC book oN CApACITy
deveLopmeNT foR dRINkINg WATeR Loss
RedUCTIoN AT WoRLd WATeR dAy 2011 IN
CApe ToWN
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sni th :
Water ecienc, and particularl drinkin water l, i a widepread iue which
ha inicant nancial and enirnmental repercuin. Hweer, awarenereardin the cpe the prblem and aailable lutin i lackin. T cn
tribute t addrein thi need, the UNWater Decade Prramme n Capacit
Deelpment UNWDPC preented a bk which i ne the reult three
ear cllabratin with ther partner within UNWater n thi tpic, includ
in a erie reinal wrkhp n capacit deelpment r imprin wa
ter ecienc.
Thi bk utline the ariu prblem and need related t water ecienc;the technical, plitical and intitutinal challene r water l reductin in
pecic cae arund the wrld; and ptin r actin and lutin which in
clude a dicuin n the capacit deelpment that i eential r the achiee
ment reater water ecienc.
CApACITy deveLopmeNT foR dRINkINg WATeR
Loss RedUCTIoN
TRILINgUAL dvd oN RedUCINg WATeR Loss IN
CITIes ARoUNd THe WoRLd
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3.1.3 | UNWdpC at th UNWatr th
Anther majr actiit wa cntributin t the UNWater bth and the
detin pernnel t dieminate and pride iitr with reueted
inrmatin and material abut ur prramme and the ret UNWa
ter. The bth cntained tand diplain the publicatin and water
related actiitie the dierent UNWDPC eent. It al cntained a
mnitr t dipla the ide deelped b UNWDPC t raie awarene
n dierent water and urban challene, uch a UNWDPC Water L
Reductin ide r urban area. viitr were intrduced t UNWater
tructure and bjectie and then t the pecic actiitie and prject
UNWDPC. A wide ariet material n water and urban challene
were ditributed. viitr were er intereted in the publicatin aail
able and er the cure the week er 2,000 material were ditrib
uted.
THe UN-WATeR booTH AT WoRLd WATeR dAy
2011 IN CApe ToWN
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LiamB
yrnesey
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4 CoNCLUsIoN
gENERAL CoNCLUsIoNs AND RECoMMENDATIoNs:
THRoUgHoUT THE HIsToRy oF ITs PRogRAMME so FAR, UNW-DPC HAs
WoRKED oN THE gAMUT oF PRIoRITy AREAs WHICH UN-WATER FoCUsEs
oN. oUR PRogRAMME, HoWEvER, HAs PLACED A sPECIAL EMPHAsIs oN
WATER EFFICIENCy, AND IN PARTICULAR THE sPECIFIC AREA oF DRINKINg
WATER Loss REDUCTIoN, PARTICULARLy IN URBAN AREAs.
one the rean r thi i becaue the etent the prblem i rae, with
arreachin cneuence r ecnmic and cial deelpment and health.
Jut a imprtant rm a capacit deelpment perpectie, hweer, i the act
that thi prblem i al manaeable. In particular, with apprpriate amunt
trainin, nance and plannin, the knwhw t impre thee prblem can
be paed rm ne pern t anther and rm ne rein t the net.
In all ur actiitie t date ince 2007, it ha becme clear that a rein that
need particular attentin and care i Arica, which i the majr impetu behind
writin thi publicatin.
In particular, the erie reinal trainin wrkhp, utcme UNWDPC
Water Ecienc Wrkin grup, and academic paper that UNWDPC ha pr
duced n the tpic hw that a hlitic apprach i eential r Water L Re
ductin WLR ucce. It need t be prmted and encuraed within water
utilitie, where the awarene it nt et trn enuh. Thruh capacit de
elpment ert, trainin, eTl and ther cntinued attempt at calin up
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uch a hw UNWDPC i wrkin within UNWater and it tw dzen UN mem
ber aencie, the kind awarene that i currentl lackin can be impred.
Len rm ur actiitie hw that ther technical and technlical apectare imprtant, in particular:
1. shrtterm technical leel peratin and lnterm trateie dein,
plannin and plitical deciin huld be cmplementar and crdi
nated;
2. Financial iabilit relie n reenue, reenue rel n meterin water,
there i a need t maimize ecienc meterin implementatin
hih accurac water meter and minimizatin meterin prce inaccuracie human errr; and
3. gIs i a ueul tl t keep all data rm the technical ide, includin
knwlede manaement and cutmer erice.
In additin, nancial and ecnmic apect in water l reductin al cannt
be inred. The main len that UNWDPC ha und in thi ectr are a l
lw:
1. WLR technlie are aailable, but me adaptatin t reinal cndi
tin i needed;
2. WLR ecnmic/nancin tl are necear at an earl tae WLR prj
ect t dene the ptimum leel deciin and ptimizatin; and
3. WLR technlie and nancial tl are ueul, but huld be embedded
in intitutinal deelpment that i wh capacit deelpment i im
prtant.
Finall, when it cme t adminitratie and reulatr apect, tandard uch
a the rm IWA are ueul but till need t be adapted t the cntet in pe
cic rein, particularl a man in Arica lack meter and pr data ualit and
reliabilit i aailable. Uin dierent, lcal lanuae wuld al be ueul in
thi reard.
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There are eeral meaure that can be taken in rder t impre thee apect
and ain a better picture lcal cnditin, attitude and need:
Prper cutmer ure and d data are needed There huld be mre a cu n the cnnectin that are mre ct
benet releant, and
Trainin actiitie are needed in rder t impre the amunt killed
labr and trained technical ta
The WAy FORWARD
UNWDPC will cntinue t wrk n the area water ecienc and drinkin wa
ter l reductin, in particular ia UNWater member and parter prramme
a well a ia planned actiitie with UNWater Tak Frce and Thematic Pririt
Area.
It i clear that technical, indiidual and intitutinal capacit deelpment ac
tiitie are till needed, bth in the rm trainin but al ia eTl that can
help t cale up the actiitie UNWater member and partner and reach
larer number the wh can mt benet rm thee technlie.
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50/50
Tel +49 228 815 0652
UNWDPC wa etablihed in Auut 2007
Funded b the german Federal gernment thruh the:
Federal Minitr Eductin and Reearch BMBF
Federal Minitr r Ecnmic Cperatin
and Deelpment BMZ
UNWDPC cntribute t the Internatinal
Decade r Actin Water r Lie
20052015
UNWater Decade Prramme n UN Campu
Ain valu in WatrRlat Caacit dlnt
The UNWater Decade Prramme n Capacit Deelpment UNWDPC i a jint prramme
UN aencie and prramme cperatin within the ramewrk UNWater and hted b the
United Natin Unierit.
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