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Water in the Atmosphere+
Weather
Chapter 23+24
Latent heat –
• Evaporation (__ ___)& Condensation (__ ___)• Sublimation –
• Deposition
NO LIQUID PHASE!
Humidity –
Controlled by rates of __________________ and __________________– Saturated air: condensation = evaporation – If condensation rate is greater than evaporation
rate, rain droplets form– Part of total atmospheric pressure
Dew Point –
• Absolute Humidity
• Relative Humidity –
Clouds • Clouds are comprised of liquid droplets of various sizes
and/or ice crystals • __________ ___________allow water vapor to
condense on it to form raindrops
Expansional Cooling & Compressional Warming
Adiabatic cooling –
Adiabatic Lapse Rate – how fast a parcel of air warms up or cools down because of rising or sinking
Advective Cooling-
CA Marine layer: warm air over ocean flows inland, ground is cold and causes condensation
Clouds are characterized according to their height and vertical development:
• High Clouds: – cirrus (Ci) – cirrostratus (Cs) – cirrocumulus (Cc
• Middle Clouds – Altostratus (As) – Altocumulus (Ac)
• Low Clouds: – Stratus (St) – Stratocumulus (Sc) – Nimbostratus (Ns)
• Clouds with vertical development: – Cumulus (Cu) – Cumulonimbus (Cb)
Precipitation-
• Rain gauge – collect rain in cylinder, measure in inches
• Snow – measured using a yardstick
• Coalescence –
• Supercooling – substance cooled below
freezing, condensation or sublimation point without phase changes
• Cloud seeding –
Natural Science Warm Up1/29/14
Write the question, please!
1. Fair weather cloud- _____________2. Lowest level cloud, may cause light drizzle or fog-
_______________3. Fluffy and cotton-like cloud, most likely to cause
precipitation- ____________
Precipitation1. The sun heats up water on the surface of the earth, turning it into vapor.2. Water vapor is less dense, which causes it to rise.3. The vapor cools when it reaches the dew point and condenses back into
liquid in the form of clouds.4. The water droplets in the clouds coalesce until they are too heavy for the
atmosphere to hold them and the droplets fall as precipitation.
Hail normally occurs in thunderstorms and is the result of strong updrafts that repeatedly carry growing chunks of ice upwards into the clouds. Once the hail stones become too heavy to be lifted by the updrafts, they fall to the ground.
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