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Water 101Sampling and Sondes
Common Sample Types
Metals-in-Water
Routine Water Chemistry
Sediment Contaminants
Flow Measurement
Field Parameters
Field Measurements
YSI EXO1 and Display
Report data from the sonde:TemperatureSpecific ConductanceSalinity (estuarine/marine only)pHDissolved OxygenDepth of measurement(s)
Sondes and SensorsYSI 6920 and 6600 YSI EXO 1
pHConductivity/TemperatureDissolved Oxygenoptical
Calibration
• General Procedure• Calibrate in a temperature-controlled environment• Calibrate sensors in order
1. Specific conductance2. pH 3. Dissolved oxygen4. Depth (at first site)
Calibration• General Procedure con’t.• Rinse minimum 2x with calibration standard• Rinse minimum 2x with deionized water between
standards
• NEVER override a calibration error message without fully understanding the cause
Calibration• Each sonde has a dedicated
calibration logbook
• Record calibration/post calibration
• Maintenance
Collecting Field Measurements and Water Chemistry Samples
• Freshwater Streams:• Collect samples from centroid of
flow upstream from bridges or road crossings
• Avoid backwater and stagnant pool areas in flowing water
Collecting Field Measurements and Water Chemistry Samples
• Freshwater Streams:• Face upstream when filling containers
• Collect bacteria samples in sterile container
o Avoid contaminating samples with debris from banks
o Label containers clearly
Sample Preservation—Routine
Preservation “kits” should contain safety glasses, gloves, and sodium bicarbonate for
spills
Pre-measured vials of 1:1 H2SO4 are a simple alternative to a
preservation kit
Place an “X” on the container lid and label container “Preserved-
H2SO4” or “H2SO4”
Add ~2mL of 1:1 H2SO4 to the sample container
Secchi Disk
The viewers eye level should be no greater than 2 meters above the surface. Slowly lower the disk vertically and note the depth at which it is no longer visible.
Then slowly raise the disk and note the depth at which it reappears.
Secchi disk transparency (00078) is the mean, in meters, of the two depths
Secchi TubeStep 1. Fill the tube with sample water to the top. The disk should not be visible.
Step 2. Person 1—looks through the top of the tube.
Step 3. Person 2—slowly releases water through the bottom valve
Step 4. Person 1 says “stop” as soon as the disk becomes visible; Person 2 closes the valve
2030
10
Step 5. Record the
depth of the water in meters.
21 cm = 0.21 meters
Secchi Tube With Attached Disk
Field Parameters
Measurement of water quality parameters using a data sonde
Temperature Specific Conductance Salinity pH Dissolved Oxygen Depth of measurement(s)
Sampling With A Bucket
Collecting Field Measurements and Water Chemistry Samples
Field Observations may include:
• Weather• Water color/appearance• Odor• Watershed activities• Recreation• Substrate description• Other conditions that
might affect water quality
Field Observations
After Sampling –Post Calibration Check
• Verifies instrument accuracy • checks for electronic drift • may detect instrument issues that occurred in the field
Questions
LINK TO FORM IN THE CHAT
1. How is the sample bottle containing the acid preservative identified?
2. Which of these is NOT a sensor on most of the sondesused in the SWQM program?
a. pHb. Salinityc. Dissolved oxygend. Temperature/Specific conductivity
3. How many times should a bucket or water collection device be rinsed?
https://forms.office.com/Pages/ResponsePage.aspx?id=pIMah86hekuBVjvNk6CPujOMcd-FkhdKttQ1QJNVwlZUNk1OVEVaUlc4SlY4T1FLUElaUEU1WVdXNi4u
Answers to Review Questions
• 1 – With an X on the lid and the preservative written on the bottle.
• 2 – Salinity
• 3 – Three times
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