View
219
Download
1
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Go Green! Go Army! 1UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNLGo Green! Go Army! 1UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
Wastewater Treatment
Technologies
Go Green! Go Army! 2UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
Alternative Water
Alternative Water: onsite sources not from freshwater surface or
groundwater sources
Army’s Net Zero Program: alternative water is an important component
for net zero water and for resource resiliency and security
Go Green! Go Army! 3UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
• Alternative Water: sources of water not from freshwater
(surface or groundwater sources)
• Reuse: discharge water from one application or process
that is captured, minimally treated, and is used in
another application
• Reclaim: effluent generated by a wastewater treatment
facility that is treated to a level that is appropriate for use
in non-potable applications
• Gray Water: lightly contaminated water from domestic
uses such as faucets, showers, and laundry; does not
include water contaminated with human waste or food;
minimally treated
Alternative Water - Terms
Go Green! Go Army! 4UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
• Alternative Water: sources of water not from freshwater
(surface or groundwater sources)
• Reuse: discharge water from one application or process
that is captured, minimally treated, and is used in
another application
• Reclaim: effluent generated by a wastewater treatment
facility that is treated to a level that is appropriate for use
in non-potable applications
• Gray Water: lightly contaminated water from domestic
uses such as faucets, showers, and laundry; does not
include water contaminated with human waste or food;
minimally treated
Alternative Water - Terms
Go Green! Go Army! 5UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
• Primary treatment: principal stage for removing solids;
may be treated mechanically or via settling ponds; removes
about 70% of the solid particulate
• Secondary treatment: primarily for removal of organic
matter by biological processes; also reduces suspended
solids and pathogens
• Tertiary treatment: primary purpose is removal of nutrients
such as phosphorous and nitrogen; may include additional
biological, mechanical, or chemical processes; may also
include advanced filtration and disinfection
Wastewater Treatment - Terms
Go Green! Go Army! 6UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
• Wastewater flow: must be known to size the treatment
technology
• Wastewater composition: characteristics of the wastewater
stream must be quantified in terms of suspended solids, pH,
and molecular composition (organics, chemical oxygen
demand, biological oxygen demand, pharmaceuticals,
nitrogen, phosphorous, heavy metals, etc.)
• Effluent quality: quality of the treated water must be known
to determine the technologies needed
• Site location: land area needed for the technology must be
considered, as well as interconnections with existing sewer or
discharge piping
Technology Considerations
Go Green! Go Army! 7UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
• Use options: applications that can use the reclaimed water
should be evaluated
• Water rates: more expensive water rates will make
alternative water projects more viable
• Permits: environmental and operating permits will be
required
• Solids removal: solids will need to be properly disposed of
at a landfill or composting location
• Operation and maintenance: different technologies require
different commitment levels for ongoing operation and
maintenance
Technology Considerations
Go Green! Go Army! 8UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
Manmade Wetlands
Description:
• Engineered lined marsh or engineered system that
provides filtration and settling followed by bacterial
treatment through natural processes (sunlight, wind,
microorganisms, algae, etc.) to treat the wastewater
Considerations:
• Low capital and operational cost
• Reduces suspended solids to low levels
• Reduces nitrogen and phosphorous to moderate levels
• May require additional treatment if the wastewater is high
in chemical oxygen demand
Go Green! Go Army! 9UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
Manmade Wetlands
Example Implementation: The Living Machine®
• Manmade mini wetland installed in 2012 at Marine Corps Recruit
Depot San Diego
• Capable of processing up to 1,000 gallons of wastewater daily
• Modular design that uses tidal concept to circulate flow and create
aerobic conditions for the biological process
• Treated effluent is used to irrigate the surrounding landscape
Go Green! Go Army! 10UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
Manmade Wetlands
Additional Successful Installations:• The Port of Portland Headquarters Building (shown above; installed in
2010)
• San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Headquarters (installed in 2012)
• Furman University (installed in 2009)
• Adam Joseph Lewis Center for Environmental Studies at Oberlin College
(where the treated effluent is used for irrigation and toilet flushing)
By L
ivin
g M
achin
e S
yste
ms, L3C
, C
C B
Y-S
A 3
.0
Go Green! Go Army! 11UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
Membrane Bioreactors
Description:
• Combination of a suspended growth bioreactor that breaks
down waste with microbes followed by membrane filtration
Considerations:
• Package unit that requires less land area than a traditional
wastewater treatment plant
• Moderate capital investment
• Scalable depending on the volume of treated wastewater
• High operational cost; need to be staffed and maintained;
require significant volumes of air
• Reduces waste constituents to low levels and produces
high-quality effluent
Go Green! Go Army! 12UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
Membrane Bioreactors
• Facility treats all the sewage from the 33,700 square foot casino
• Originally designed to process 180,000 gallons per day but recently
expanded to process up to 360,000 gallons per day
• Treated effluent is used to irrigate nearby agricultural fields and the solid
waste is used as fertilizer
Example Implementation: Membrane bioreactor wastewater
treatment facility at Yakama Legends Casino in Toppenish, Washington
Go Green! Go Army! 13UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
Membrane Bioreactors
Additional Example:• Marine Corps Logistics Base Barstow
• Traditional treatment facility replaced by a membrane bioreactor system
• Sized to handle projected population increase (which didn’t occur)
• Operating permit called for the treated effluent to be used for irrigation
purposes at the nearby Marine operated golf course
• Plant isn’t meeting sufficient nitrogen removal thresholds for the treated
effluent to be used as irrigation water; effluent is being sent to an
evaporation basin
Go Green! Go Army! 14UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
WatercycleTM Treatment
• Mature technology being
implemented for direct potable
reuse in Ohio
• Scalable design can treat
residential homes up to small
commercial sized buildings
• Modular treatment system
includes preliminary treatment
system, advanced treatment,
storage, and delivery
• Automated logic continuously
monitors multiple data points
• Immediate shut down if any data
point is out of range
• Experimental concurrence to meet
performance thresholds in 2013
and 2014
Over 500,000 gallons of
water reclaimed and
used for potable
purposes to date
Go Green! Go Army! 15UNCLASSIFIED / FOUO 6 Nov 2017 Brian Boyd, PNNL
Thank You!
Brian Boyd, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
brian.boyd@pnnl.gov
Recommended