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Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
CALENTAMIENTO Y AUMENTO DE SALINIDAD EN EL
MEDITERRÁNEO OCCIDENTAL DURANTE LA
SEGUNDA MITAD DEL SIGLO XX
Manuel Vargas-Yáñez, P. Zunino, F. Moya, M.C. García-Martínez y E. Tel
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
LIW
WMDW
AW
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
January/1950 February/1950
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
Not sampled or interpolated areas are considered as a “zero anomaly”
The mean anomaly for sampled areas is associated to non sampled areas
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
T
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
Interpolation techniques, radius of influence
Spatial gaps
The methods for data averaging
Instrumental biases
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
time (years)
0
50
100
150
200
250ra
w d
ata
/mo
nth
0
0.5
1p
erce
ntag
e B
T
Alb. 50 dbar
-0.007 % yr-1
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000time (years)
0
20
40
60ra
w d
ata
/mo
nth
0
0.5
1p
erce
ntag
e B
T
Alb. 500 dbar
+0.008 % yr-1
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000time (years)
0
4
8
12ra
w d
ata
/mo
nth
0
0.5
1p
erce
ntag
e B
T
Alb. 1200 dbar
0.0 % yr-1
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
-0.01 0 0.01trend (ºC/yr)
200
100
0
pre
ssu
re (
db
ar)
bot.+BT+CTD
-0.01 0 0.01trend (ºC/yr)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
pre
ssu
re (
db
ar)
bot.+BT+CTD
-0.01 0 0.01trend (ºC/yr)
200
100
0
pre
ssu
re (
db
ar)
bot.+CTD
-0.01 0 0.01trend (ºC/yr)
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
pre
ssu
re (
db
ar)
bot.+CTD
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
-0.01 0 0.01trend (ºC/yr)
200
100
0
pre
ssu
re (
db
ar)
bot.+BT+CTD
-0.01 0 0.01trend (ºC/yr)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
pre
ssu
re (
db
ar)
bot.+BT+CTD
-0.05 0 0.05trend (ºC/yr)
200
100
0
pre
ssu
re (
db
ar)
bot.+BT+CTD
-0.01 0 0.01trend (ºC/yr)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
pre
ssu
re (
db
ar)
bot.+BT+CTD
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
Upper layer: 0 – 200 dbar
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000time (years)
-8x1020
8x1020
ab
so
rbe
d h
ea
t (J)
-1.5
1.5
tem
pe
ratu
re a
no
ma
ly (
ºC)
-0.1
0.1
sa
linit
y a
no
ma
ly
W MED upper layer (0-200 dbar)
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
Upper layer: 0 – 200 dbar
Intermediate layer: 200 -
600 dbar
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000tim e (years)
-2x1020
2x1020
ab
sorb
ed
he
at (J
)
-0.5
0.5
tem
pe
ratu
re a
no
ma
ly (
ºC)
-0.05
0.05
salin
ity
ano
ma
ly
W MED intermediate layer (200-600 dbar)
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
Upper layer: 0 – 200 dbar
Intermediate layer: 200 -
600 dbar
Deep layer: 600 dbar –
bottom
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000time (years)
-2x1020
2x1020
abs
orb
ed
he
at (J
)
-0.2
0.2
tem
pe
ratu
re a
no
ma
ly (
ºC)
-0.05
0.05
sa
linit
y an
om
aly
W MED deep layer (600 dbar-bottom)
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
Upper layer: 0 – 200 dbar
Intermediate layer: 200 -
600 dbar
Deep layer: 600 dbar –
bottom
WMED
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000time (years)
-8x1020
8x1020
ab
so
rbe
d h
eat (J
)
-0.5
0.5
tem
pe
ratu
re a
no
ma
ly (
ºC)
-0.05
0.05
salin
ity
an
om
aly
W MED
0.29 0.19 W/m2
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
Long term trends in the WMED are not substantially altered by XBT biases
Averaging methods seem to influence the significance of the results
The most robust results concerning isobaric layers are:
Deep waters warming and salinification, and salinity increase of intermediate waters.
The main problem for detecting in a robust way long term changes is the scarcity of data
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
RADMED project. IEO
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION !
VISIT OUR WEB:
www.ma.ieo.es/gcc
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000tim e (years)
-3x1019
3x1019
abso
rbed
hea
t (J
)0.18 0.14 W/m2
Algerian basin (1)
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000time (years)
-5x1019
5x1019
abso
rbed
hea
t (J
)
Algerian basin (2)
Warming and salting in the WMED CLIVAR-ES, Madrid, February 2009
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000tim e (years)
-5x1019
5x1019
abso
rbed
hea
t (J
)
Gulf of Lions
0.15 0.14 W/m2
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