Warm Up - Put HW on desk to be checked Copy following info into notebook Table of Contents – March...

Warm Up - Put HW on desk to be checked

Copy following info into notebookTable of Contents – March 8th Genetics Day 3

Notes – March 8th Genetics Day 3What genotype determines a specific phenotype?

Common Mistakes Homozygous – 2 capital letters or 2 lower case

letters

Heterozygous – 1 capital and 1 lower case(cannot be 2 different letter, just different “cases”

Common Mistakes

Homozygous – 2 capital letters or 2 lower case letters

Heterozygous – 1 capital and 1 lower case(cannot be 2 different letter, just different

“cases”

HW Review

1. We get our genes from our parents2. Different versions of the same trait or gene3. Using capital and lowercase letters.4. Genotype = combination of alleles in our genes.

TT5. Phenotype = physical characteristic, brown eyes6. Genotype is in your genes and represented by

letters like PP, phenotype is what someone looks like, blonde hair.

7. Capital8. Lowercase9. A. Bb = Brown Eyes B. bb = blue eyes

10. ff11A. Big ears B. Big ears13A. tt B. Long tail

14. TT Hh BB Bb

15. hh rr dd

Twins Fraternal Twins – develop from 2

different eggs that have been fertilized by 2 separate sperm cells

Different genotypes and phenotypes

Look as different as siblings who were born at different times.

Identical Twins – develop from one fertilized egg that splits into 2 identical embryosLook exactly alikeHave the same

chromosomes / DNA but not necessarily the same phenotypes

In palm trees, the allele for dark green leaves (D) is dominant. The allele for light green leaves (d) is

recessive. If a palm tree has light green leaves, what GENOTYPE must it have?

dd

QUIZ #17: REVIEW

In tomato plants, the allele for tall plants (T) is dominant. The allele for short plants (t) is recessive. If a tomato plant has the genotype tt, what would be the plant’s

height PHENOTYPE?

Short

Practice / Review

Work on your own to complete the worksheet – both sides (15 min)

A. Phenotype > what you can see, blue eyes

B. Genotype > combination of alleles in genes, bb

2. Describe the genotypes given (use your notes). The first two are already done.

A. DD homozygous, dominant B. Dd _heterozygous dominant

C. dd - homozygous recessive D. ss – homozygous recessive E. Yy – heterozygous dominant F. WW - homozygous, dominant

3. In humans, brown eye color (B), is dominant over blue eye color (b). What are the phenotypes of the following genotypes? In other words, what color eyes will they have?

A. BB > Brown Eyes B. bb >Blue Eyes C. Bb> Brown eyes

In palm trees, the allele for dark green leaves (D) is dominant. The allele for light green leaves (d) is

recessive. If a palm tree has light green leaves, what GENOTYPE must it have?

dd

REVIEW

In giraffes, the allele for brown spots (S) is dominant. The allele for black spots (s) is recessive. If a giraffe

has black spots, what GENOTYPE must it have?

ss

QUIZ #17: REVIEW

In butterflies, the allele for long antennae (A) is dominant. The allele for short antennae (a) is

recessive. If a butterfly has long antennae, what GENOTYPE must it have?

AA or Aa

QUIZ #17: REVIEW

In butterflies, the allele for long antennae (A) is dominant. The allele for short antennae (a) is recessive. If a butterfly has the genotype aa, what would be the

butterfly’s PHENOTYPE?

Short antennae

QUIZ #17: REVIEW

In Labrador retrievers, the allele for yellow fur (Y) is dominant. The allele for black fur (y) is recessive. If a

Lab has the genotype Yy, what would be the PHENOTYPE of the lab’s fur?

Yellow fur

QUIZ #17: REVIEW

In tomato plants, the allele for tall plants (T) is dominant. The allele for short plants (t) is recessive. If a tomato plant has the genotype tt, what would be the plant’s

height PHENOTYPE?

Short

QUIZ #17: REVIEW

INHERITED and ACQUIRED traits – what’s the

difference? EXAMPLE?

Inherited traits are determined by your genes (Example: height). Acquired traits

must be LEARNED (Example: math).

QUIZ #17: REVIEW

Eye shape Intelligence Hair color Hair length Accent (the way

you speak) Attitude Smile Tattoos

trade & grade

• Broken leg• Face shape

• Diseases like HIV/AIDS or cancer

• Disorders like albinism or color-blindness

• Hair texture• Cheek size

QUIZ #17: REVIEW

What is an ALLELE? What do we use to represent alleles?

Alleles are different versions of the same gene/trait. We use CAPITAL and

lowercase letters to represent them!

QUIZ #17: REVIEW

GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES – What’s the difference? EXAMPLES?

Genotypes are combinations of your alleles (Example: Bb). Phenotypes are your physical characteristics (Example:

blue eyes).

QUIZ #17: REVIEW

DOMINANT and RECESSIVE alleles – What’s the difference? EXAMPLES?

Dominant alleles always show up (Example: B=brown eyes). Recessive

alleles only show up if there is NO dominant allele (Example: b=blue eyes).

QUIZ #17: REVIEW

In apple trees, the allele for green apples (G) is dominant. The allele for red apples (g) is recessive. If an apple tree produces red apples, what GENOTYPE

must it have?

gg

QUIZ #17: REVIEW

In apple trees, the allele for green apples (G) is dominant. The allele for red apples (g) is recessive. If an apple tree has the genotype GG, what would be the PHENOTYPE of

the apples produced?

Green

Bug Creation Lab to Practice what you have learned so far

PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS

a.White paper = Mom Traitsb.Blue paper = Dad Traits

PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS3. Record your pieces of paper in the first two columns on

your data table. Trait Mom(White Paper)

Dad(Blue

Paper)

Offspring Dominant Or Recessive

Heterozygous Or

Homozygous

Look

Like?

Wing # (R/r)

_____ _____ _____ , ____

Body Segment # (T/t)

_____ _____ _____ , ____

Antennae Length(Q/q)

_____ _____ _____ , ____

Leg # (H/h) _____ _____ _____ , ____

Spots or Not Spots

(N/n)_____ _____ _____ , ____

PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS

4. Combine the letters from both the mom and the dad in the “Offspring” column.

Trait Mom(White Paper)

Dad(Blue

Paper)

Offspring Dominant Or Recessive

Heterozygous Or

Homozygous

Look

Like?

Wing # (R/r)

_____ _____ _____ , ____

Body Segment # (T/t)

_____ _____ _____ , ____

Antennae Length(Q/q)

_____ _____ _____ , ____

Leg # (H/h) _____ _____ _____ ,

____

Spots or Not Spots

(N/n)_____ _____ _____ ,

____

5. Decide is the offspring genotype is Dominant or Recessive and Heterozygous or Homozygous

Trait Mom(White Paper)

Dad(Blue

Paper)

Offspring Dominant Or

Recessive

Heterozygous Or

Homozygous

Look

Like?

Wing # (R/r)

_____ _____ _____ , ____

Body Segme

nt # (T/t)

_____ _____ _____ , ____

Antennae

Length(Q/q)

_____ _____ _____ , ____

Leg # (H/h) _____ _____ _____ ,

____

Spots or Not Spots (N/n)

_____ _____ _____ , ____

PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS

Determine what your bug will look like using the following key.

If your offspring has these letters

It will look like this…

RR or Rr 4 wings (2 on each side)

rr 2 wings (1 on each side)

TT or Tt 2 segments

tt 3 segments

QQ or Qq Long Antennae

qq Short Antennae

HH or Hh 3 legs on each side

hh 4 legs on each side

NN or Nn Spots

nn No Spots

PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS6. Using the key, write what your bug will look like in the

last column. Trait Mom

(White Paper)

Dad(Blue

Paper)

Offspring Dominant Or Recessive

Heterozygous Or

Homozygous

Look

Like?

Wing # (R/r)

_____ _____ _____ , ____

Body Segment # (T/t)

_____ _____ _____ , ____

Antennae Length(Q/q)

_____ _____ _____ , ____

Leg # (H/h) _____ _____ _____ , ____

Spots or Not Spots

(N/n)_____ _____ _____ , ____

PROCEDURE FOR CREATING YOUR BUGS

7. Once your teacher approves what your bug should look like, you can get materials (paper and colors)

8. You can be creative, but it must follow the traits you said it would look like!

9. Write a biography about your bug1. What is its name?2. Where does it live? What does it eat?3. What is it like?

DOES EVERYONE’S BUGS LOOK THE SAME?

Does everyone’s bugs look the same?

The variety of bugs has to do with the different combinations that you pulled out of the bags.

Not everyone pulled the same traits, so each bug looks different.

Since we all have different parents, all of us look different too!

BY THE END OF TODAY YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO ANSWER…

How do humans inherit traits?

How many chromosomes do humans inherit from each of their parents?